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Fungal diversity notes 1036-1150:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal Diversity 2019年第3期96卷 1-242页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Danushka S.Tennakoon Rajesh Jeewon DJayarama Bhat Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Walter Rossi Marco Leonardi Hyang Burm Lee Hye Yeon Mun Jos Houbraken Thuong T.T.Nguyen Sun Jeong Jeon Jens Christian Frisvad Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Robert Lucking Andre Aptroot Marcela e.S.Caceres Samantha C.Karunarathna Sinang Hongsanan Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nimali Ide Silva Kasun M.Thambugala Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Indunil C.Senanayake Saranyaphat Boonmee Jie Chen Zong-Long Luo Chayanard Phukhamsakda Olinto L.Pereira Vanessa P.Abreu Andre Wilson Campos Rosado Buyck Bart emile Randrianjohany Vale rie Hofstetter Tatiana B.Gibertoni Adriene Mayrada Silva Soares Helio Longoni Plautz Jr Helen Maria Pontes Sotao William Kalhy Silva Xavier Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra Thays Gabrielle Linsde Oliveira Cristina Mariade Souza-Motta Oliane Maria Correia Magalhaes Digvijayini Bundhun Dulanjalee Harishchandra Ishara S.Manawasinghe Wei Dong Sheng-Nan Zhang Dan-Feng Bao Milan C.Samarakoon Dhandevi Pem Anuruddha Karunarathna Chuan-Gen Lin Jing Yang Rekhani H.Perera Vinit Kumar Shi-Ke Huang Monika C.Dayarathne Anusha H.ekanayaka Subashini C.Jayasiri Yuanpin Xiao Sirinapa Konta Tuula Niskanen Kare Liimatainen Yu-Cheng Dai Xiao-Hong Ji Xue-Mei Tian Armin Mesic Sanjay K.Singh Kunthida Phutthacharoen Lei Cai Touny Sorvongxay Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Chada Norphanphoun Napalai Chaiwan Yong-Zhong Lu Hong-Bo Jiang Jin-Feng Zhang Pranami D.Abeywickrama Janith V.S.Aluthmuhandiram Rashika S.Brahmanage Ming Zeng Thilini Chethana Deping Wei Martina Reblova Jacques Fournier Jana Nekvindova Renan do Nascimento Barbosa Jose ewerton Felintodos Santos Neiva Tintide Oliveira Guo-Jie Li Damien ertz Qiu-Ju Shang Alan J.L.Phillips Chang-Hsin Kuo erio Camporesi Timur S.Bulgakov Saisamorn Lumyong e.B.Gareth Jones Putarak Chomnunti eleni Gentekaki Frank Bungartz Xiang-Yu Zeng Sally Fryar Zdenko Tkalcec Junmin Liang Guangshuo Li Ting-Chi Wen Paras Nath Singh Yusufjon Gafforov Itthayakorn Promputtha erandi Yasanthika Ishani D.Goonasekara Rui-Lin Zhao Qi Zhao Paul M Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand Department of Plant Medicine National Chiayi University300 Syuefu RoadChiayi City 60004TaiwanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa Velha 403108India Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityPO Box 8123 Al KhoudOman Sect.Environmental Sciences Dept.MeSVAUniversity of L’Aquila67100 CoppitoAQItaly Division of Food Technology Biotechnology&AgrochemistryCollege of Agriculture&Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Korea Fungal Resources Research Division NNIBRSangju-si 37242Korea Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine DTUBioengineeringTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin-Luise-StraßBe 6-814195 BerlinGermany Laboratorio de Botanica/Liquenologia Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAvenida Costa e Silva s/nBairro UniversitarioCampo GrandeMatto Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900Brazil Departamento de Biociencias Universidade Federal de SergipeItabaianaSergipe CEP:49500-000Brazil Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial

This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and *** described in the present study include one new family(*** in Dothideomycetes),five new genera(Caatingomyces,Cryptoschizotrema,Neoacladium,Paramassaria and Trochilispora)and 71 new species,(*** thailandica,Amniculicola aquatica,***,Angustimassarina sylvatica,Blackwellomyces lateris,Boubovia gelatinosa,Buellia viridula,Caatingomyces brasiliensis,Calophoma humuli,Camarosporidiella mori,Canalisporium dehongense,Cantharellus brunneopallidus,***,Castanediella meliponae,Coprinopsis psammophila,Cordyceps succavus,Cortinarius minusculus,***,Diaporthe italiana,***,Diatrypella delonicis,Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis,***,Digitodesmium chiangmaiense,Distoseptispora dehongensis,***,Dothiorella styphnolobii,ellisembia aurea,Falciformispora aquatic,Fomitiporia carpinea,***,Grammothele aurantiaca,***,Hermatomyces bauhiniae,Jahnula queenslandica,Kamalomyces mangrovei,Lecidella yunnanensis,Micarea squamulosa,Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae,Neoacladium indicum,Neodidymelliopsis sambuci,Neosetophoma miscanthi,***,Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae,***,Paramassaria samaneae,Penicillium circulare,***,***-pumilae,***,***,Phaeoisaria siamensis,Phaeopoacea asparagicola,Phaeosphaeria penniseti,Plectocarpon galapagoense,Porina sorediata,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis,Rhizophydium koreanum,Russula prasina,Sporoschisma chiangraiense,Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae,***,***,***,***,Thysanorea uniseptata,Torula breviconidiophora,***,Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae).Further,twelve new combinations(*** cryptotrema,Prolixandromyces australi,***,***,***,P.

关键词： 71 new taxa Ascomycota Basidiomycota Dothideomycetes eurotiomycetes Lecanoromycetes Leotiomycetes Pezizomycetes Phylogeny Taxonomy

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Author Correction: A global biodiversity observing system to unite monitoring and guide action

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Nature ecology & evolution 2023年第12期7卷 2173页

作者： Andrew Gonzalez Petteri Vihervaara Patricia Balvanera Amanda e Bates elisa Bayraktarov Peter J Bellingham Andreas Bruder Jillian Campbell Michael D Catchen Jeannine Cavender-Bares Jonathan Chase Nicholas Coops Mark J Costello Bálint Czúcz Aurélie Delavaud Maria Dornelas Grégoire Dubois emmett J Duffy Hilde eggermont Miguel Fernandez Nestor Fernandez Simon Ferrier Gary N Geller Michael Gill Dominique Gravel Carlos A Guerra Robert Guralnick Michael Harfoot Tim Hirsch Sean Hoban Alice C Hughes Wim Hugo Margaret e Hunter Forest Isbell Walter Jetz Norbert Juergens W Daniel Kissling Cornelia B Krug Peter Kullberg Yvan Le Bras Brian Leung Maria Cecilia Londoño-Murcia Jean-Michel Lord Michel Loreau Amy Luers Keping Ma Anna J MacDonald Joachim Maes Melodie McGeoch Jean Baptiste Mihoub Katie L Millette Zsolt Molnar enrique Montes Akira S Mori Frank e Muller-Karger Hiroyuki Muraoka Masahiro Nakaoka Laetitia Navarro Tim Newbold Aidin Niamir David Obura Mary O'Connor Marc Paganini Dominique Pelletier Henrique Pereira Timothée Poisot Laura J Pollock Andy Purvis Adriana Radulovici Duccio Rocchini Claudia Roeoesli Michael Schaepman Gabriela Schaepman-Strub Dirk S Schmeller Ute Schmiedel Fabian D Schneider Mangal Man Shakya Andrew Skidmore Andrew L Skowno Yayioi Takeuchi Mao-Ning Tuanmu eren Turak Woody Turner Mark C Urban Nicolás Urbina-Cardona Ruben Valbuena Anton Van de Putte Basile van Havre Vladimir Ruslan Wingate elaine Wright Carlos Zambrana Torrelio Department of Biology Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. andrew.gonzalez@mcgill.ca. Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico. Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada. EcoCommons Australia Research Specialised and Data Foundations Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia. Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand. Institute of Microbiology University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Mendrisio Switzerland. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Montreal Quebec Canada. Department of Biology Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Halle Germany. Department of Computer Sciences Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle Germany. University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada. Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture Nord Universitet Bodø Norway. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway. Fondation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB) Paris France. Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK. Guia Marine Lab MARE Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Cascais Portugal. Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra Italy. Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO program Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater MD USA. Belgian Science Policy Office Belgian Biodiversity Platform/Biodiversa+ Brussels Belgium. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela e. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian e. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, e.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John eini, ebrahim el Sayed Zaki, Maysaa el Tantawi, Maha enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for economic Co-operation and Development (OeCD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health expenditure Database (GHeD) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Monitoring the morphology of M87∗ in 2009–2017 with the event Horizon Telescope

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wielgus, Maciek Akiyama, Kazunori Blackburn, Lindy Chan, Chi-Kwan Dexter, Jason Doeleman, Sheperd S. Fish, Vincent L. Issaoun, Sara Johnson, Michael D. Krichbaum, Thomas P. Lu, Ru-Sen Pesce, Dominic W. Wong, George N. Bower, Geoffrey C. Broderick, Avery e. Chael, Andrew Chatterjee, Koushik Gammie, Charles F. Georgiev, Boris Hada, Kazuhiro Loinard, Laurent Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Plambeck, Richard Weintroub, Jonathan Dexter, Matthew MacMahon, David H.e. Wright, Melvyn Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barausse, enrico Barrett, John Bintley, Dan Boland, Wilfred Bouman, Katherine L. Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John e. Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conway, John e. Cordes, James M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy de Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dzib, Sergio A. eatough, Ralph P. Falcke, Heino Fomalont, ed Fraga-encinas, Raquel Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Galison, Peter García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez, José L. Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Inoue, Makoto James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Junhan Kim, Jongsoo Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Michael Kramer, Carsten Kuo, Cheng-Yu Lauer, Tod R. Lee, Sang-Sung Li, Yan-Rong Li, Zhiyuan Lindqvist, Michael Lico, Rocco Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Lonsdale, Colin MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong Marchili, Nicola Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iv Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Rd CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States JILA Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green St UrbanaIL61801 United States CCS-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los AlamosNM87545 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street Urba

The event Horizon Telescope (eHT) has recently delivered the first resolved images of M87∗, the supermassive black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy. These images were produced using 230 GHz observations performed in 2017 April. Additional observations are required to investigate the persistence of the primary image feature – a ring with azimuthal brightness asymmetry – and to quantify the image variability on event horizon scales. To address this need, we analyze M87∗ data collected with prototype eHT arrays in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013. While these observations do not contain enough information to produce images, they are sufficient to constrain simple geometric models. We develop a modeling approach based on the framework utilized for the 2017 eHT data analysis and validate our procedures using synthetic data. Applying the same approach to the observational data sets, we find the M87∗ morphology in 2009–2017 to be consistent with a persistent asymmetric ring of ∼40 µas diameter. The position angle of the peak intensity varies in time. In particular, we find a significant difference between the position angle measured in 2013 and 2017. These variations are in broad agreement with predictions of a subset of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We show that quantifying the variability across multiple observational epochs has the potential to constrain the physical properties of the source, such as the accretion state or the black hole spin. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

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Optimization of the observing cadence for the rubin observatory legacy survey of space and time: a pioneering process of community-focused experimental design

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Bianco, Federica B. Ivezić, Željko Lynne Jones, R. Graham, Melissa L. Marshall, Phil Saha, Abhijit Strauss, Michael A. Yoachim, Peter Ribeiro, Tiago Anguita, Timo Bauer, Franz e. Bellm, eric C. Blum, Robert D. Brandt, William N. Brough, Sarah Catelan, Márcio Clarkson, William I. Connolly, Andrew J. Gawiser, eric Gizis, John Hlozek, Renee Kaviraj, Sugata Liu, Charles T. Lochner, Michelle Mahabal, Ashish A. Mandelbaum, Rachel McGehee, Peregrine Neilsen, eric H. Olsen, Knut A.G. Peiris, Hiranya Rhodes, Jason Richards, Gordon T. Ridgway, Stephen Schwamb, Megan e. Scolnic, Dan Shemmer, Ohad Slater, Colin T. Slosar, Anže Smartt, Stephen J. Strader, Jay Street, Rachel Trilling, David e. Verma, Aprajita Vivas, A.K. Wechsler, Risa H. Willman, Beth University of Delaware Department of Physics and Astronomy 217 Sharp Lab NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Joseph R. Biden Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration 184 Academy St NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Data Science Institute Center for Urban Science and Progress New York University 370 Jay St BrooklynNY11201 United States Department of Astronomy and the DiRAC Institute University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States Aerotek and Rubin Observatory Tucson United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Astronomy University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States LSST Project Office 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Las Condes Santiago Chile Millennium Institute of Astrophysics Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100 Of 104 Providencia Santiago Chile Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astroingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Casilla 306 Santiago22 Chile Space Science Institute 4750 Walnut Street Suite 205 BoulderCO80301 United States DiRAC Institute Department of Astronomy University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States Vera C. Rubin Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab 950 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85719 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics 525 Davey Lab Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Physics 104 Davey Laboratory Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 Un

Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a ground-based astronomical facility under construction, a joint project of the national science Foundation and the U.S. Department of energy, designed to conduct a multipurpose 10-year optical survey of the southern hemisphere sky: the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. Significant flexibility in survey strategy remains within the constraints imposed by the core science goals of probing dark energy and dark matter, cataloging the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. The survey’s massive data throughput will be transformational for many other astrophysics domains and Rubin’s data access policy sets the stage for a huge potential users’ community. To ensure that the survey science potential is maximized while serving as broad a community as possible, Rubin Observatory has involved the scientific community at large in the process of setting and refining the details of the observing strategy. The motivation, history, and decision-making process of this strategy optimization are detailed in this paper, giving context to the science-driven proposals and recommendations for the survey strategy included in this Focus Issue. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Surveys

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Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics (vol 587, pg 252, 2020)

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NATURe 2021年第7856期592卷 E24-E24页

作者： Feng, Shaohong Stiller, Josefin Deng, Yuan Armstrong, Joel Fang, Qi Reeve, Andrew Hart Xie, Duo Chen, Guangji Guo, Chunxue Faircloth, Brant C. Petersen, Bent Wang, Zongji Zhou, Qi Diekhans, Mark Chen, Wanjun Andreu-Sanchez, Sergio Margaryan, Ashot Howard, Jason Travis Parent, Carole Pacheco, George Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. Puetz, Lara Cavill, emily Ribeiro, Angela M. eckhart, Leopold Fjeldsa, Jon Hosner, Peter A. Brumfield, Robb T. Christidis, Les Bertelsen, Mads F. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Tietze, Dieter Thomas Robertson, Bruce C. Song, Gang Borgia, Gerald Claramunt, Santiago Lovette, Irby J. Cowen, Saul J. Njoroge, Peter Dumbacher, John Philip Ryder, Oliver A. Fuchs, Jerome Bunce, Michael Burt, David W. Cracraft, Joel Meng, Guanliang Hackett, Shannon J. Ryan, Peter G. Jonsson, Knud Andreas Jamieson, Ian G. da Fonseca, Rute R. Braun, edward L. Houde, Peter Mirarab, Siavash Suh, Alexander Hansson, Bengt Ponnikas, Suvi Sigeman, Hanna Stervander, Martin Frandsen, Paul B. van der Zwan, Henriette van der Sluis, Rencia Visser, Carina Balakrishnan, Christopher N. Clark, Andrew G. Fitzpatrick, John W. Bowman, Reed Chen, Nancy Cloutier, Alison Sackton, Timothy B. edwards, Scott V. Foote, Dustin J. Shakya, Subir B. Sheldon, Frederick H. Vignal, Alain Soares, Andre e. R. Shapiro, Beth Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob Ferrer-Obiol, Joan Rozas, Julio Riutort, Marta Tigano, Anna Friesen, Vicki Dalen, Love Urrutia, Araxi O. Szekely, Tamas Liu, Yang Campana, Michael G. Corvelo, Andre Fleischer, Robert C. Rutherford, Kim M. Gemmell, Neil J. Dussex, Nicolas Mouritsen, Henrik Thiele, Nadine Delmore, Kira Liedvogel, Miriam Franke, Andre Hoeppner, Marc P. Krone, Oliver Fudickar, Adam M. Mila, Borja Ketterson, ellen D. Fidler, Andrew eric Friis, Guillermo Parody-Merino, Angela M. Battley, Phil F. Cox, Murray P. Lima, Nicholas Costa Barroso Prosdocimi, Francisco Parchman, Thomas Lee Schlinger, Barney A. Loiselle, Bette A. Blake, John G. Lim, Haw Chuan Day, Lainy B. Fuxjager, Matthew J. Baldwin, Maude W. Braun, Michael J. Wirthlin, Morgan Dikow, China National GeneBank BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics Section for Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences Hangzhou China UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio) Faculty of Applied Sciences AIMST University Kedah Malaysia Section for Evolutionary Genomics The GLOBE Institute Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences Yerevan Armenia University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Center for Reproductive Medicine The 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Novogene Durham NC USA Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA The Rockefeller University New York NY USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase MD USA Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

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SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline Simulating event Horizon Telescope observations of M87

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Roelofs, F. Janssen, M. Natarajan, I. Deane, R. Davelaar, J. Olivares, H. Porth, O. Paine, S.N. Bouman, K.L. Tilanus, R.P.J. van Bemmel, I.M. Falcke, H. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Asada, K. Azulay, R. Baczko, A. Ball, D. Baloković, M. Barrett, J. Bintley, D. Blackburn, L. Boland, W. Bower, G.C. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.e. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D. Carlstrom, J.e. Chael, A. Chan, C. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.e. Cordes, J.M. Crew, G.B. Cui, Y. de Laurentis, M. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Doeleman, S.S. eatough, R.P. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, e. Fraga-encinas, R. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Gómez, J.L. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Goddi, C. Gold, R. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Johnson, M.D. Jorstad, S. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kino, M. Koay, J.Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Krichbaum, T.P. Kuo, C. Lauer, T.R. Lee, S. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Liu, K. Liuzzo, e. Lo, W. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Lu, R. MacDonald, N.R. Mao, J. Markoff, S. Marrone, D.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, Y. Mizuno, I. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Özel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Patel, N. Pen, U. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. PopStefanija, A. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H. Ramakrishnan, V. Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University Grahamstown6140 South Africa Department of Physics University of Pretoria Lynnwood Road Hatfield Pretoria0083 South Africa Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Leiden Observatory-Allegro Leiden University P.O. Box 9513 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands Postbus 93138 Den Haag2509 AC Netherlands Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 PD Dwingeloo7991 Netherlands National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Rd CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States East Asian Observatory

Context. Realistic synthetic observations of theoretical source models are essential for our understanding of real observational data. In using synthetic data, one can verify the extent to which source parameters can be recovered and evaluate how various data corruption effects can be calibrated. These studies are the most important when proposing observations of new sources, in the characterization of the capabilities of new or upgraded instruments, and when verifying model-based theoretical predictions in a direct comparison with observational data. Aims. We present the SYnthetic Measurement creator for long Baseline Arrays (SYMBA), a novel synthetic data generation pipeline for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. SYMBA takes into account several realistic atmospheric, instrumental, and calibration effects. Methods. We used SYMBA to create synthetic observations for the event Horizon Telescope (eHT), a millimetre VLBI array, which has recently captured the first image of a black hole shadow. After testing SYMBA with simple source and corruption models, we study the importance of including all corruption and calibration effects, compared to the addition of thermal noise only. Using synthetic data based on two example general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) model images of M87, we performed case studies to assess the image quality that can be obtained with the current and future eHT array for different weather conditions. Results. Our synthetic observations show that the effects of atmospheric and instrumental corruptions on the measured visibilities are significant. Despite these effects, we demonstrate how the overall structure of our GRMHD source models can be recovered robustly with the eHT2017 array after performing calibration steps, which include fringe fitting, a priori amplitude and network calibration, and self-calibration. With the planned addition of new stations to the eHT array in the coming years, images could be reconstru

关键词： Telescopes

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LifeTime and improving european healthcare through cell-based interceptive medicine (vol 587, pg 377, 2020)

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NATURe 2021年第7852期592卷 E8-E8页

作者： Rajewsky, Nikolaus Almouzni, Genevieve Gorski, Stanislaw A. Aerts, Stein Amit, Ido Bertero, Michela G. Bock, Christoph Bredenoord, Annelien L. Cavalli, Giacomo Chiocca, Susanna Clevers, Hans De Strooper, Bart eggert, Angelika ellenberg, Jan Fernandez, Xose M. Figlerowicz, Marek Gasser, Susan M. Hubner, Norbert Kjems, Jorgen Knoblich, Jurgen A. Krabbe, Grietje Lichter, Peter Linnarsson, Sten Marine, Jean-Christophe Marioni, John C. Marti-Renom, Marc A. Netea, Mihai G. Nickel, Dorthe Nollmann, Marcelo Novak, Halina R. Parkinson, Helen Piccolo, Stefano Pinheiro, Ines Pombo, Ana Popp, Christian Reik, Wolf Roman-Roman, Sergio Rosenstiel, Philip Schultze, Joachim L. Stegle, Oliver Tanay, Amos Testa, Giuseppe Thanos, Dimitris Theis, Fabian J. Torres-Padilla, Maria-elena Valencia, Alfonso Vallot, Celine van Oudenaarden, Alexander Vidal, Marie Voet, Thierry Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin Berlin Germany Institute for Biology Humboldt University of Berlin Berlin Germany Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin Germany Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Institut Curie CNRS PSL Research University Sorbonne Université Nuclear Dynamics Unit Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le cancer Paris France VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research Leuven Belgium Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL University College London London UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Cambridge UK Department of Immunology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain CNAG-CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain ICREA Barcelona Spain CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria Department of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases Vienna Austria Department of Medical Humanities Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Institute of Human Genetics UMR 9002 CNRS and University of Montpellier Montpellier France Department of Experimental Oncology IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Milan Italy Department of Oncology and Hemato

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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals (vol 52, pg 1314, 2020)

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NATURe GeNeTICS 2021年第5期53卷 762-762页

作者： Surendran, Praveen Feofanova, elena V. Lahrouchi, Najim Ntalla, Ioanna Karthikeyan, Savita Cook, James Chen, Lingyan Mifsud, Borbala Yao, Chen Kraja, Aldi T. Cartwright, James H. Hellwege, Jacklyn N. Giri, Ayush Tragante, Vinicius Thorleifsson, Gudmar Liu, Dajiang J. Prins, Bram P. Stewart, Isobel D. Cabrera, Claudia P. eales, James M. Akbarov, Artur Auer, Paul L. Bielak, Lawrence F. Bis, Joshua C. Braithwaite, Vickie S. Brody, Jennifer A. Daw, e. Warwick Warren, Helen R. Drenos, Fotios Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard Faul, Jessica D. Fauman, eric B. Fava, Cristiano Ferreira, Teresa Foley, Christopher N. Franceschini, Nora Gao, He Giannakopoulou, Olga Giulianini, Franco Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. Guo, Xiuqing Harris, Sarah e. Havulinna, Aki S. Helgadottir, Anna Huffman, Jennifer e. Hwang, Shih-Jen Kanoni, Stavroula Kontto, Jukka Larson, Martin G. Li-Gao, Ruifang Lindstrom, Jaana Lotta, Luca A. Lu, Yingchang Luan, Jian'an Mahajan, Anubha Malerba, Giovanni Masca, Nicholas G. D. Mei, Hao Menni, Cristina Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. Mosen-Ansorena, David Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Pare, Guillaume Paul, Dirk S. Perola, Markus Poveda, Alaitz Rauramaa, Rainer Richard, Melissa Richardson, Tom G. Sepulveda, Nuno Sim, Xueling Smith, Albert V. Smith, Jennifer A. Staley, James R. Stanakova, Alena Sulem, Patrick Theriault, Sebastien Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Trompet, Stella Varga, Tibor V. Velez edwards, Digna R. Veronesi, Giovanni Weiss, Stefan Willems, Sara M. Yao, Jie Young, Robin Yu, Bing Zhang, Weihua Zhao, Jing-Hua Zhao, Wei Zhao, Wei evangelou, evangelos Aeschbacher, Stefanie Asllanaj, eralda Blankenberg, Stefan Bonnycastle, Lori L. Bork-Jensen, Jette Brandslund, Ivan Braund, Peter S. Burgess, Stephen Cho, Kelly Christensen, Cramer Connell, John de Mutsert, Renee Dominiczak, Anna F. Dorr, Marcus eiriksdottir, Gudny Farmaki, Aliki-eleni Gaziano, J. Michael Grarup, Niels Grove, Megan L. Hallmans, Goran Hansen, Torben Have, Christian T. Heiss, Gerardo Jorgensen, Marit e. Jousilahti, Pekka Kajantie, eero Kamat, Mihir Karajamaki, AnneMari Kar British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Health Data Research UK Cambridge Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Rutherford Fund Fellow Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow Glasgow UK MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK Department of Immunology and Inflammation Imperial College London London UK Centre for Non-communicable Disease Research (CNCR) Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Karachi Pakistan Department of Genetics Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford Oxford UK Human Genetics Center Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Cardiovascular Research Center Center for Genomic Medicine

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Thermal current-induced charge redistribution in wide CVD-grown graphene constriction

Thermal current-induced charge redistribution in wide CVD-gr...

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Indium Phosphide and Related Materials Conference

作者： Chiashain Chuang Tak-Pong Woo Fan-Hung Liu Masahiro Matsunaga Yuichi Ochiai Chi-Te Liang Nubuyuki Aoki Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science Chiba University Chiba Japan The Germination Program Office Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Taiwan University taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509019656

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene would find great applications in industrial graphene-based electronics recently. Most importantly, the one-dimensional constriction of CVD graphene due to its grain boundaries and merged domains revealing interesting interference effects, like Aharonov-Bohm effect. Such interesting interference transport behavior can be revealed by low-temperature scanning gate microscopy (LT-SGM) and be numerical simulated about the dynamic transport point of view by mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. In order to realize graphene-based quantum transport device, our results suggested that the supplying additional thermal current could flood into the grain boundaries and merged domains in one-dimensional quantum confined CVD graphene so as to suppress the interference effect, a great discovery for graphene-based materials coherent electronic devices.

关键词： Graphene Interference Grain boundaries Logic gates Scanning electron microscopy Compounds

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