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Field Robotics 2025年 4卷 138-181页

作者： Victoria L. Preston Genevieve E. Flaspohler John W. Fisher Anna P. M. Michel Nicholas Roy Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge MA 02139 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge MA 02139 Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543

Mobile robots are increasingly used to collect valuable in situ samples during scientific expeditions. However, many phenomena of scientific interest—deep-sea hydrothermal plumes, algal blooms, warm-core eddies, and lava flows—are spatiotemporal distributions that evolve on spatial and temporal scales that complicate sample collection. Here, we consider the problem of charting the space-time dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes with the state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry. In the hydrothermal plume charting problem, the plume state is driven by complicated and unobserved dynamics in the deep sea. To effectively sample the moving plume, an autonomy system must infer plume dynamics from sparse, point observations, while respecting operational constraints of AUV Sentry that restrict the set of possible trajectories to nonadaptive, uniform-coverage patterns. We frame the plume charting problem as a sequential decision-making problem and formulate a mission planner PHORTEX (PHysically-informed Operational Robotic Trajectories for Expeditions) that strategically designs full mission trajectories for Sentry, where each mission plan is informed by the observations of the last. PHORTEX is composed of a trajectory optimizer, which maximizes expected samples collected within a moving plume, and PHUMES (PHysically-informed Uncertainty Models for Environment Spatiotemporality), a modeling framework that leverages an embedded simulator of idealized plume physics as an inductive bias to enable dynamics learning from extreme partial observations and a few Sentry deployments. In both simulation and in field trials at a hydrothermal site in the Gulf of California, we demonstrate that Sentry using PHORTEX learns to track a moving hydrothermal plume and gather samples that significantly improve upon baseline spatial and temporal diversity for use in downstream science tasks.

关键词： Trajectory Sensors Oceans Vehicle dynamics Robot sensing systems Adaptation models Spatiotemporal phenomena Decision making Marine robots Environmental monitoring Mobile robots

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Characterization and comparative profiling of piRNAs in serum biopsies of pediatric Wilms tumor patients

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Cancer Cell International 2025年第1期25卷 1-15页

作者： Mohamed, Fatma S. Jalal, Deena Fadel, Youssef M. El-Mashtoly, Samir F. Khaled, Wael Z. Sayed, Ahmed A. Ghazy, Mohamed A. Biotechnology Program Institute of Basic and Applied Science Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria New Borg El-Arab City Egypt Biochemistry ProgramFaculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt Genomics and Metagenomics Program Department of Basic Research Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt Cairo 57357 Egypt Bioinformatics Group Center for Informatics Science School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert Einstein-Straße 9 Jena 07745 Germany Department of Pediatric Oncology National Cancer Institute Cairo Egypt Department of Pediatric Oncology Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt Cairo 57357 Egypt Consultant Pediatric Oncology Mouwasat Hospital Dammam Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in transposon silencing and linked to cancer progression. However, their role in Wilms tumors (WT) remains unexplored. We conducted a thorough analysis and characterization of piRNAs in serum liquid biopsies of WT patients. Our study examined their expression patterns and functional annotations related to WT pathogenesis, as well as their clinical potential for diagnosis and monitoring. We identified 307 piRNAs expressed in WT serum samples, with 4% classified as repeat-related and 96% as non-repeat-related. The most abundant repeat-related piRNAs originated from LINEs retrotransposon, while tRNA-derived piRNAs were the most prevalent among non-repeat-related piRNAs. Furthermore, a distinct profile of 34 piRNAs showed significant differential expression in WT patients compared to healthy controls—22 downregulated and 12 upregulated. The target genes of differentially expressed piRNAs exhibited significant enrichment in biological pathways related to cytokine activity, inflammatory responses, TGF-beta signaling, p38 MAPK, and ErbB signaling. These genes are also involved in DNA damage response, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation, as well as kidney development and function. Low expression levels of several piRNAs, especially piR-hsa-1,913,711, piR-hsa-28,190, piR-hsa-28,849, piR-hsa-28,848, and piR-hsa-28,318, showed significant diagnostic potential as non-invasive biomarkers for WT (AUC > 0.8, p < 0.05). Their expression levels also significantly correlated with adverse pathological features, including metastasis, anaplasia, and bilateral WT development. In conclusion, non-transposon-related piRNAs may serve as reliable biomarkers for WT and possess potential non-germline functions, particularly in regulating DNA methylation, cell growth, immune responses, and immune responses. Further studies are warranted to elucidate their functional significance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Blood-based biomarkers Diagnostic potential Non-germline functions Non-transposon-related PiRNAs PiRNAome profiling Wilms tumor

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Unbiased Parameter Estimation for Bayesian Inverse Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chada, Neil K. Jasra, Ajay Maama, Mohamed Tempone, Raul Department of Mathematics City University of Hong Kong China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen CN Shenzhen China Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

In this paper we consider the estimation of unknown parameters in Bayesian inverse problems. In most cases of practical interest, there are several barriers to performing such estimation, This includes a numerical approximation of a solution of a differential equation and, even if exact solutions are available, an analytical intractability of the marginal likelihood and its associated gradient, which is used for parameter estimation. The focus of this article is to deliver unbiased estimates of the unknown parameters, that is, stochastic estimators that, in expectation, are equal to the maximizer of the marginal likelihood, and possess no numerical approximation error. Based upon the ideas of [4] we develop a new approach for unbiased parameter estimation for Bayesian inverse problems. We prove unbiasedness and establish numerically that the associated estimation procedure is faster than the current state-of-the-art methodology for this problem. We demonstrate the performance of our methodology on a range of problems which include a PDE and ODE. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Investigating the computation of smoothed deceptive routes in topographic terrains for agent-based simulation systems

Investigating the computation of smoothed deceptive routes i...

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Computational Intelligence in Security, Defence and Biometrics (CISDB), IEEE Symposium on

作者： Luigi P. Souza Thiago R. S. Leão Crhistopher Lenhard Edison P. Freitas Luis A. L. Silva Graduate Program in Computer Science Federal Univ. of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Undergraduate Course in Computer Science Federal Univ. of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Institute of Informatics Federal Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Applied Computing Department Federal Univ. of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331508296

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508302

The capacity to deceptively move in hilly terrains is fundamental to agents in simulation systems for tactical and strategic military training. Such an ability to deceive the adversary can ensure a relevant advantage by hiding the real goals of a mission. Using pairs of real and deceptive mission goals, this paper investigates the planning of realistic deceptive routes for simulated agents. With real-world terrain elevation maps, it shows how to explore pathfinding algorithms with relevant path-smoothing characteristics (Theta* and WJPS*, contrasting with the standard $A^{*}$ algorithm) in terrains with pronounced relief features. The study analyzes the effects of terrain elevation costs and the representation of relief contour lines on the determination of more realistic deceptive paths. This work also investigates how users can adjust a Last Topographic Deceptive Point ($L D P_{T}$) calculation to enhance the pathfinding algorithm’s ability to produce more deceptively dense and topographically aware routes. Experimental results for different deceptive topographic path planning strategies are evaluated according to statistical models showing that Theta*, despite being slower than the base $A^{*}$ method in most cases, generated smoothed paths while maintaining a similar deception density for the proposed strategies. On the other hand, WJPS outperformed both in execution time for certain strategies while maintaining the smoothed path characteristic and resulting in a path with lower deceptive capacity.

关键词： Training Hands Biometrics Costs Path planning Planning Security Standards Computational intelligence

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Effective Dimension Aware Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent for Convex Optimization Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science graduate program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages a fractional exponent to capture long-memory effects in optimization, yet its practical impact is often constrained by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing this exponent. In this work, we introduce 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), a novel method that synergistically combines the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to automatically calibrate the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By continuously gauging model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SED dynamically adjusts the exponent to curb erratic oscillations and enhance convergence rates. Theoretically, we demonstrate how this dimension-aware adaptation retains the benefits of fractional memory while averting the sluggish or unstable behaviors frequently observed in naive fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations across multiple benchmarks confirm that our 2SED-driven fractional exponent approach not only converges faster but also achieves more robust final performance, suggesting broad applicability for fractional-order methodologies in large-scale machine learning and related domains. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Protecting host-based intrusion detectors through virtual machines

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computer NETWORKS 2007年第5期51卷 1275-1283页

作者： Laureano, M. Maziero, C. Jamhour, E. [a]Graduate Program in Applied Computer Science Pontifical Catholic University of Paran¨￠ Brazil

Intrusion detection systems continuously watch the activity on a network or computer, looking for attack and intrusion evidences. However, host-based intrusion detectors are particularly vulnerable, as they can be disabled or tampered by successful intruders. This work proposes and implements an architecture model aimed to protect host-based intrusion detectors, through the application of the virtual machine concept. Virtual machine environments are becoming an interesting alternative for several computing systems due to their advantages in terms of cost and portability. The architecture proposed here makes use of the execution spaces separation provided by a virtual machine monitor, in order to separate the intrusion detection system from the system under monitoring. As a consequence, the intrusion detector becomes invisible and inaccessible to intruders. The prototype implementation and the tests performed show the viability of this solution. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： security intrusion detection virtual machines

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A Deep Learning Approach for Nerve Injury Classification in Brachial Plexopathies Using Magnetic Resonance Neurography with Modified Hiking Optimization Algorithm

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Academic Radiology 2025年

作者： Dahou, Abdelghani Elaziz, Mohamed Abd Khattap, Mohamed G. Hassan, Hend Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China Mathematics and Computer Science department University of Ahmed DRAIA Adrar 01000 Algeria Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Suez 435611 Egypt Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) Ajman University Ajman 346 United Arab Emirates Department of Diagnostic Interventional Radiology and Molecular Imaging Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo 11591 Egypt Technology of Radiology and Medical Imaging Program Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology Galala University Suez 435611 Egypt

Rationale and Objectives: Brachial plexopathies (BPs) encompass a complex spectrum of nerve injuries affecting motor and sensory function in the upper extremities. Diagnosis is challenging due to the intricate anatomy and symptom overlap with other neuropathies. Magnetic Resonance Neurography (MRN) provides advanced imaging but requires specialized interpretation. This study proposes an AI-based framework that combines deep learning (DL) with the modified Hiking Optimization Algorithm (MHOA) enhanced by a Comprehensive Learning (CL) technique to improve the classification of nerve injuries (neuropraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis) using MRN data. Materials and Methods: The framework utilizes MobileNetV4 for feature extraction and MHOA for optimized feature selection across different MRI sequences (STIR, T2, T1, and DWI). A dataset of 39 patients diagnosed with BP was used. The framework classifies injuries based on Seddon's criteria, distinguishing between normal and abnormal conditions as well as injury severity. Results: The model achieved excellent performance, with 1.0000 accuracy in distinguishing normal from abnormal conditions using STIR and T2 sequences. For injury severity classification, accuracy was 0.9820 in STIR, outperforming the original HOA and other metaheuristic algorithms. Additionally, high classification accuracy (0.9667) was observed in DWI. The proposed framework outperformed traditional methods and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The proposed AI-based framework significantly improves the diagnosis of BP by accurately classifying nerve injury types. By integrating DL and optimization techniques, it reduces diagnostic variability, making it a valuable tool for clinical settings with limited specialized neuroimaging expertise. This framework has the potential to enhance clinical decision-making and optimize patient outcomes through precise and timely diagnoses. © 2025 The Association of University Radiologists

关键词： Brachial Plexopathy (BP) Comprehensive Learning (CL) Deep Learning (DL) Feature Selection (FS) Hiking Optimization Algorithm (HOA) Magnetic Resonance Neurography (MRN) MobileNetV4

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Variational Transformer Ansatz for the Density Operator of Steady States in Dissipative Quantum Many-Body Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wei, Lu Jia, Zhian Wang, Yufeng Kaszlikowski, Dagomir Ling, Haibin Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Program of Data Science Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore SG 117543 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore SG 117543 Singapore Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States

The transformer architecture, known for capturing long-range dependencies and intricate patterns, has extended beyond natural language processing. Recently, it has attracted significant attention in quantum information and condensed matter physics. In this work, we propose the transformer density operator ansatz for determining the steady states of dissipative quantum many-body systems. By vectorizing the density operator as a many-body state in a doubled Hilbert space, the transformer encodes the amplitude and phase of the state’s coefficients, with its parameters serving as variational variables. Our design preserves translation invariance while leveraging attention mechanisms to capture diverse long-range correlations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by numerically calculating the steady states of dissipative Ising and Heisenberg spin chain models, showing that our method achieves excellent accuracy in predicting steady states. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Hilbert spaces

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On the particle approximation of lagged Feynman–Kac formulae

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Stochastic Processes and their Applications 2025年 188卷

作者： Awadelkarim, Elsiddig Caffarel, Michel Del Moral, Pierre Jasra, Ajay Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia University of Toulouse CNRS-Lab. de Chimie et Physique Quantiques Toulouse 31062 France Centre de Recherche Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest Talence 33405 France School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen China

In this paper we examine the numerical approximation of the limiting invariant measure associated with Feynman–Kac formulae. These are expressed in a discrete time formulation and are associated with a Markov chain and a potential function. The typical application considered here is the computation of eigenvalues associated with non-negative operators as found, for example, in physics or particle simulation of rare-events. We focus on a novel lagged approximation of this invariant measure, based upon the introduction of a ratio of time-averaged Feynman–Kac marginals associated with a positive operator iterated l∈N times;a lagged Feynman–Kac formula. This estimator and its approximation using Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) are commonly used in the physics literature. In short, DMC is an iterative algorithm involving N∈N particles or walkers simulated in parallel, that undergo sampling and resampling operations. In this work, it is shown that for the DMC approximation of the lagged Feynman–Kac formula, one has an almost sure characterization of the L₁-error as the time parameter (iteration) goes to infinity and this is at most of O(exp{−κl}/N), for κ>0. In addition a non-asymptotic in time, and time uniform L₁−bound is proved which is O(l/N). We also prove a novel central limit theorem to give a characterization of the exact asymptotic in time variance. This analysis demonstrates that the strategy used in physics, namely, to run DMC with N and l small and, for long time enough, is mathematically justified. Our results also suggest how one should choose N and l in practice. We emphasize that these results are not restricted to physical applications;they have broad relevance to the general problem of particle simulation of the Feynman–Kac formula, which is utilized in a great variety of scientific and engineering fields. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Diffusion Monte Carlo Eigenvalue approximation Feynman–Kac formula

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Road-Width-Aware Network Optimisation for Bike Lane Planning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Basilone, Riccardo Bruno, Matteo Melo, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Avalle, Michele Loreto, Vittorio Sapienza Univ. of Rome Physics Dept Piazzale A. Moro 2 Rome00185 Italy Sony Computer Science Laboratories - Rome Joint Initiative CREF-SONY Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi Via Panisperna 89/A Rome00184 Italy Via Panisperna 89/A Rome00184 Italy Postgraduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Ceará Fortaleza60811-905 Brazil Complexity Science Hub Josefstädter Strasse 39 ViennaA 1080 Austria

Active mobility is becoming an essential component of the green transition in modern cities. However, the challenge of designing an efficient network of protected bike lanes without disrupting existing road networks for motorised vehicles remains unsolved. This paper focuses on the specific case of Milan, using a network approach that considers street widths to optimise the placement of dedicated bike lanes at the edges of the network. Unlike other network approaches in this field, our method considers the actual shapes of the streets, which introduces a realistic aspect lacking in current studies. We used these data to simulate cycling networks that maximise connectivity while minimising the impact of bike lane placement on the drivable network. Our mixed simulation strategies optimise for edge betweenness and width. Furthermore, we quantify the impact of dedicated bike lane infrastructure on the existing road network, demonstrating that it is feasible to create highly effective cycling networks with minimal disruption caused by lane width reductions. This paper illustrates how realistic cycling lanes can be simulated using road width data and discusses the challenges and benefits of moving beyond one-dimensional road data in network studies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bicycles

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