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JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia, JSAP 2021

作者： Bao, J. Peraca, N. Marquez Tay, F. Kritzell, T.E. Li, X. Noe, G.T. Katayama, I. Takeda, J. Nojiri, H. Yamahara, H. Tabata, H. Baydin, A. Kono, J. Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Japan Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

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Terahertz chiral photonic-crystal cavities with broken time-reversal symmetry

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tay, Fuyang Sanders, Stephen Baydin, Andrey Song, Zhigang Welakuh, Davis M. Alabastri, Alessandro Rokaj, Vasil Dag, Ceren B. Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02139 United States Max Planck Institute for The Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Villanova University VillanovaPA19085 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Strong coupling between matter and vacuum electromagnetic fields in a cavity can induce novel quantum phases in thermal equilibrium via symmetry breaking. Particularly, coupling with circularly polarized fields can break time-reversal symmetry, leading to topological modifications in the band structure. Therefore, chiral optical cavities that host chiral vacuum fields are being sought, especially in the terahertz (THz) frequency range, where various large-oscillator-strength resonances exist. Here, we present a novel approach to achieving THz chiral photonic-crystal cavities (PCCs) with high-quality factors (>400) using a magnetoplasma in a lightly doped semiconductor. Numerical simulations of an optimized structure based on InSb in a small perpendicular magnetic field (∼0.2 T) show chiral cavity resonances with near-perfect ellipticity at the surfaces of the central dielectric layer, where one can place atomically thin materials like monolayer graphene. We theoretically estimate an energy gap on the order of 1 meV in graphene when coupled to our proposed chiral cavity, which is potentially measurable in experiments. These THz chiral PCCs offer a promising platform for exploring new phases in cavity-dressed condensed matter with broken time-reversal symmetry. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crystal symmetry

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Cavity-mediated superthermal phonon correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kim, Dasom Hou, Jin Lee, Geon Agrawal, Ayush Kim, Sunghwan Zhang, Hao Bao, Di Baydin, Andrey Wu, Wenjing Tay, Fuyang Huang, Shengxi Chia, Elbert E.M. Kim, Dai-Sik Seo, Minah Mohite, Aditya D. Hagenmüller, David Kono, Junichiro Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston77005 United States Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States KU–KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Université de Strasbourg CNRS Strasbourg67200 France Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Phonons, or vibrational quanta, are behind some of the most fundamental physical phenomena in solids, including superconductivity, Raman processes, and broken-symmetry phases. It is therefore of fundamental importance to find ways to harness phonons for controlling these phenomena and developing novel quantum technologies. However, the majority of current phonon control techniques rely on the use of intense external driving fields or strong anharmonicities, which restricts their range of applications. Here, we present a scheme for controlling the intensity fluctuations in phonon emission at room temperature based on multimode ultrastrong light–matter coupling. The multimode ultrastrong coupling regime is achieved by coupling two optical phonon modes in lead halide perovskites to an array of nanoslots, which operates as a single-mode cavity. The extremely small mode volume of the nanoslots enables unprecedented coupling strengths in a cavity phonon-polariton system. In the far-detuned, low-cavity-frequency regime, we demonstrate that the nanoslot resonator mediates an effective coupling between the phonon modes, resulting in superthermal phonon bunching in thermal equilibrium, both within the same mode and between different modes. Experimental results are in good agreement with a multimode Hopfield model. Our work paves the way for the tailoring of phonons to modify charge and energy transport in perovskite materials, with potential applications in light-collecting or emitting devices. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Iterative quantum optimization of spin glass problems with rapidly oscillating transverse fields

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Barton, Brandon Sagal, Jacob Feeney, Sean Grattan, George Patnaik, Pratik Oganesyan, Vadim Carr, Lincoln D. Kapit, Eliot Quantum Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines 1523 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines 1523 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Computer Science Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Staten Island City University of New York Staten IslandNY10314 United States Physics program and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences The Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

In this work, we introduce a new iterative quantum algorithm, called Iterative Symphonic Tunneling for Satisfiability problems (IST-SAT), which solves quantum spin glass optimization problems using high-frequency oscillating transverse fields. IST-SAT operates as a sequence of iterations, in which bitstrings returned from one iteration are used to set spin-dependent phases in oscillating transverse fields in the next iteration. Over several iterations, the novel mechanism of the algorithm steers the system toward the problem ground state. We benchmark IST-SAT on sets of hard MAX-3-XORSAT problem instances with exact state vector simulation, and report polynomial speedups over trotterized adiabatic quantum computation (TAQC) and the best known semi-greedy classical algorithm. When IST-SAT is seeded with a sufficiently good initial approximation, the algorithm converges to exact solution(s) in a polynomial number of iterations. Our numerical results identify a critial Hamming radius(CHR), or quality of initial approximation, where the time-to-solution crosses from exponential to polynomial scaling in problem size. By combining IST-SAT with future classical or quantum approximation algorithms, larger gains may be achieved. The mechanism we present in this work thus presents a new path toward achieving quantum advantage in optimization. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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Correction to: Analysis of the dynamics of anthrax epidemic model with delay

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Discover applied sciences 2024年第11期6卷 1-1页

作者： Raza, Ali Abdella, Kenzu Department of Physical Sciences The University of Chenab Gujrat Pakistan Mathematics Research Center Department of Mathematics Near East University Mersin 10 Türkiye Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Department of Mathematics Applied Modelling Graduate Program Trent University Peterborough Canada

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CellBiAge: Improved single-cell age classification using data binarization

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Cell Reports 2023年第12期42卷 113500页

作者： Yu, Doudou Li, Manlin Linghu, Guanjie Hu, Yihuan Hajdarovic, Kaitlyn H. Wang, An Singh, Ritambhara Webb, Ashley E. Molecular Biology Cell Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Data Science Institute Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Neuroscience Graduate Program Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore 21218 MD United States Department of Computer Science Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Center for Computational Molecular Biology Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and Biochemistry Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Center on the Biology of Aging Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Carney Institute for Brain Science Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States Center for Translational Neuroscience Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States

Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases. Accurate methods for predicting age in specific cell types are essential to understand the heterogeneity of aging and to assess rejuvenation strategies. However, classifying organismal age at single-cell resolution using transcriptomics is challenging due to sparsity and noise. Here, we developed CellBiAge, a robust and easy-to-implement machine learning pipeline, to classify the age of single cells in the mouse brain using single-cell transcriptomics. We show that binarization of gene expression values for the top highly variable genes significantly improved test performance across different models, techniques, sexes, and brain regions, with potential age-related genes identified for model prediction. Additionally, we demonstrate CellBiAge's ability to capture exercise-induced rejuvenation in neural stem cells. This study provides a broadly applicable approach for robust classification of organismal age of single cells in the mouse brain, which may aid in understanding the aging process and evaluating rejuvenation methods. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： aging brain CP: Cell biology hypothalamus machine learning single-cell RNA-seq

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Personalised, GIS-based counselling to promote habitual walking in mobility-limited and chronically ill older adults: protocol of the MOBITEC-Routes randomised controlled trial

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BMC Geriatrics 2025年第1期25卷 1-20页

作者： Hinrichs, Timo Schilling, René Sofios, Alexandros Infanger, Denis Prechtl, Luisa Stauffer, Nora Eichenberger, Viviane Giannouli, Eleftheria Rantanen, Taina Portegijs, Erja Schuster-Amft, Corina Mai, Anna Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno Röcke, Christina Weibel, Robert Department of Sport Exercise and Health Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Geography University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Health Sciences and Technology Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland Department of Human Movement Sciences University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Groningen the Netherlands Research Department Reha Rheinfelden Rheinfelden Switzerland School of Engineering and Computer Science Bern University of Applied Sciences Biel Switzerland Department of Medical Informatics Biometry and Epidemiology Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum Germany UZH Healthy Longevity Center University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Centre for Gerontology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Physical activity is a cornerstone of health for older adults. Recent evidence underscores that even regular light activity, such as routine walking, offers substantial health benefits. Traditional approaches to promoting walking often overlook the importance of the local neighbourhood environment and the wide range of abilities and preferences of older adults. A personalised walking intervention – emphasizing personal preferences and local facilitators by employing Geographic information System (GIS)-based methods for communication and goal setting – might help to overcome problems of low long-term adherence to walking interventions. The MOBITEC-Routes trial aims to assess the effects of personalised, GIS-based walking promotion – versus general information on determinants of health – for mobility-limited and chronically ill older adults on walking (primary outcome) immediately after the 15-week intervention period (primary endpoint) and after another 8 months of follow-up (secondary endpoint). This prospective, two-arm, single centre randomised controlled trial targets sedentary, mobility-limited, chronically ill, and community-living older adults aged 65 + (target N = 130). Outcomes are assessed after 15 weeks of intervention and after an additional 8 months of follow-up. The experimental intervention offers personalised promotion of habitual walking, delivered by an exercise professional in face-to-face and telephone sessions. Opportunities to increase leisure as well as utilitarian walking are identified by using interactive digital maps, personalised walking routes are co-created by the exercise professional and the participant, and a personalised activity plan is developed. Behaviour change strategies are employed. The control group receives general information on determinants of health. Outcomes include walking (average steps per day; primary outcome), time spent lying, sitting, standing and stepping, physical function, life-space mobility, he

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Observation of the dual quantum spin Hall insulator by density-tuned correlations in a van der Waals monolayer

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tang, Jian Ding, Thomas Siyuan Chen, Hongyu Gao, Anyuan Qian, Tiema Huang, Zumeng Sun, Zhe Han, Xin Strasser, Alex Li, Jiangxu Geiwitz, Michael Shehabeldin, Mohamed Belosevich, Vsevolod Wang, Zihan Wang, Yiping Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Bell, David C. Wang, Ziqiang Fu, Liang Zhang, Yang Qian, Xiaofeng Burch, Kenneth S. Shi, Youguo Ni, Ni Chang, Guoqing Xu, Su-Yang Ma, Qiong Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences The Center for Nanoscale system Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR Toronto Canada

The convergence of topology and correlations represents a highly coveted realm in the pursuit of novel quantum states of matter [1, 2]. Introducing electron correlations to a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator can lead to the emergence of a fractional topological insulator and other exotic time-reversal-symmetric topological order [3- 10], not possible in quantum Hall and Chern insulator systems. However, the QSH insulator with quantized edge conductance remains rare, let alone that with significant correlations. In this work, we report a novel dual QSH insulator within the intrinsic monolayer crystal of TaIrTe4, arising from the interplay of its single-particle topology and density-tuned electron correlations. At charge neutrality, monolayer TaIrTe4 demonstrates the QSH insulator that aligns with single-particle band structure calculations, manifesting enhanced nonlocal transport and quantized helical edge conductance. Interestingly, upon introducing electrons from charge neutrality, TaIrTe4 only shows metallic behavior in a small range of charge densities but quickly goes into a new insulating state, entirely unexpected based on TaIrTe4's single-particle band structure. This insulating state could arise from a strong electronic instability near the van Hove singularities (VHS), likely leading to a charge density wave (CDW). Remarkably, within this correlated insulating gap, we observe a resurgence of the QSH state, marked by the revival of nonlocal transport and quantized helical edge conduction. Our observation of helical edge conduction in a CDW gap could bridge spin physics and charge orders. The discovery of a dual QSH insulator introduces a new method for creating topological flat minibands via CDW superlattices, which offer a promising platform for exploring time-reversal-symmetric fractional phases and electromagnetism [3-5, 11, 12]. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Visualizing Field-free Deterministic Magnetic Switching of all–van der Waals Spin-Orbit Torque System Using Spin Ensembles in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xi Zhou, Jingcheng Hu, Chaowei Deng, Kuangyin Wang, Chuangtang Agarwal, Nishkarsh Jin, Hanshang Al-Matouq, Faris A. Xu, Stelo Trivedi, Roshan S. Li, Senlei Rathi, Sumedh Lu, Hanyi Jiang, Zhigang Taufour, Valentin Hovden, Robert Zhao, Liuyan Cheng, Ran Xu, Xiaodong Chu, Jiun-Haw Du, Chunhui Rita Wang, Hailong School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California DavisCA95616 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States

Recently, optically active spin defects embedded in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a transformative quantum sensing platform to explore cutting-edge materials science and quantum physics. Taking advantage of excellent solid-state integrability, this new class of spin defects can be arranged in controllable nanoscale proximity of target materials in vdW heterostructures, showing great promise for improving spatial resolution and field sensitivity of current sensing technologies. Building on this state-of-the-art measurement platform, here we report hexagonal boron nitride-based quantum imaging of field-free deterministic magnetic switching of room-temperature two-dimensional magnet Fe3GaTe2 in an all-vdW spin-orbit torque (SOT) system. By visualizing SOT-driven variations of nanoscale Fe3GaTe2 magnetic stray field profile under different conditions, we have revealed how the observed magnetic switching evolves from deterministic to indeterministic behavior due to the interplay between out-of-plane spins, in-plane spins and Joule heating. This understanding, which is otherwise difficult to access by conventional transport measurements, offers valuable insights on material design, testing, and evaluation of next-generation vdW spintronic devices. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Spatial atlas of the mouse central nervous system at molecular resolution (vol 622, pg 552, 2023)

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NATURE 2024年第7993期625卷 E6-E6页

作者： Shi, Hailing He, Yichun Zhou, Yiming Huang, Jiahao Maher, Kamal Wang, Brandon Tang, Zefang Luo, Shuchen Tan, Peng Wu, Morgan Lin, Zuwan Ren, Jingyi Thapa, Yaman Tang, Xin Chan, Ken Y. Deverman, Benjamin E. Shen, Hao Liu, Albert Liu, Jia Wang, Xiao Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Boston MA USA Computational and Systems Biology PhD Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA

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