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Requirements for the development of GIS-based group decision-support systems

Journal of the Association for Information science and Technology 1994年第9期45卷

作者： Marc P. Armstrong Departments of Geography and Computer Science and Program in Applied Mathematical and Computational Sciences 316 Jessup Hall University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242

Though GIS technology has progressed rapidly during the past decade, the focus of most research and development activity has been placed on the development of single-user systems. A mismatch exists, however, between the widespread single-user model of GIS and the group-based approach to decision making that is often adopted when semistructured public policy issues are addressed. GIS-based spatial analysis and display methods must be expanded to encompass group decision making processes, and new tools must be developed that will enable group members to generate, evaluate, and illustrate the strong and weak points of alternative scenarios and come to a consensus about how to proceed toward a decision. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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A NEAR-OPTIMAL MANHATTAN CHANNEL ROUTER FOR A CLASS OF NETS WITH THE SHIFT-RIGHT-ONE PATTERN

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applied MATHEMATICS LETTERS 1993年第6期6卷 65-69页

作者： TUAN, TC Institute of Applied Mathematics (Computer Science Program) National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 People's Republic of China

The Manhattan channel routing problem of providing a one-to-one rectilinear wire connection (horizontal segments on one layer, while vertical segments are on the other) between two sets of terminals which lie on two horizontal lines, with the smallest width, is NP-hard. In this paper, it is studied for m consecutive shift-right-one nets, and a near-optimal router which produces a layout with width at most 2 more than the theoretical lower bound given in [1] is presented.

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Positive photoresist process simulation over nonplanar substrates

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics P...

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1990年第6期8卷 1432-1436页

作者： Eytan Barouch Brian Bradie Uwe Hollerbach Steven A. Orszag Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Clarkson University Potsdam New York 13676 Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544

A three‐dimensional computational simulator of nonplanar substrates coated with positive photoresists is presented. The model includes four major steps: projection printing, exposure, post‐exposure baking (PEB), and dissolution. Projection printing is based on Hopkins’ classical work. The exposure model employs the full nonlinear wave equation coupled with the photoactive compound (PAC) bleaching rate equation. These equations are solved using a spectral element iterative scheme. The PEB is treated as a material diffusion equation employing ideas introduced by Mack and the dissolution algorithm is our LEAD (least action dissolution) algorithm modified for nonplanar substrates. Several realistic examples are presented displaying final profiles at various dissolution times.

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computer-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT SYSTEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： computer Architecture

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THE AEGIS DATA BUS EXPERIMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第5期101卷 53-58页

作者： FRINK, JG VERVEN, DM John G. Frink is an assistant group supervisor in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received his B.S. degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1968 and the M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Maryland in 1971. Mr. Frink worked at the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory on a variety of weapons systems before joining the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1978. Mr. Frink has supervised the development of a large scale battle group simulation that successfully employs the receiver selection paradigm described herein on a hardware suite composed of an extensible number of (currently 15) processors. David M. Verven is a senior electrical engineer in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1979 and the M. S. degree in the same discipline from The Johns Hopkins University in 1984. Mr. Verven joined the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1979 and initially worked on analysis of Navy sensor systems. In 1981 he was the AN/SPS-49 test team leader for the New Threat Upgrade (NTU) combat system land-based test. In 1982 he became involved in the development of the BBWRS system. Currently he is involved in real-time computer program development for the CEP project.

This paper documents an experiment performed by The Johns Hopkins University applied Physics Laboratory to measure the effect of inserting a data bus into a combat system. The experiment was conducted at the Aegis computer Center located at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia (NSWC/DL). The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not the Aegis Weapon System (the core of the Aegis Combat System) could be operated with a portion of its point-to-point interelement cables replaced by a data bus. The data bus chosen for the experiment employs message broadcasting with receiver selection. A primary goal of the experiment was to minimize the amount of Aegis computer program changes required to accommodate the data bus. The results presented in this paper will show that the experiment was a success. Key certification tests were passed with no computer program changes to the tactical elements and minimal changes in the Aegis tactical executive (ATES) program (less than 110 words changed).

关键词： Data Transmission Equipment

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THE QUANTIFICATION OF INTEROPERABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 251-256页

作者： MENSH, DR KITE, RS DARBY, PH Dennis Roy Mensh:is currently the task leader Interoperability Project with the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied physics from Loyola College in Baltimore Md. and the American University in Washington D. C. He also has completed his course work towards his Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of systems analysis and computer simulation. He has been employed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring Md. for 20 years in the areas of weapon system analysis and the development of weapon systems simulations. Since 1978 he has been involved in the development of tools and methodologies that can be applied to the solution of shipboard combat system/battle force system architecture and engineering problems. Mr. Mensh is a member of ASNE MORS IEEE U.S. Naval Institute MAA and the Sigma Xi Research Society. Robert S. Kite:is a systems engineer with the Naval Warfare Systems Engineering Department of the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. Mr. Kite received his B.S. degree in electronic engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore Md. Mr. Kite retired from the Federal Communications Commission in 1979 and served a project manager of the J-12 Frequency Management Support Project for the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute in Annapolis Md. before joining MITRE. Mr. Kite is presently a member of ASNE the Military Operations Research Society and an associate member of Sigma Xi. Paul H. Darby:has worked in the field of interoperability both in the development of interoperability concepts and systems since joining the Department of the Navy in 1967. He was the Navy's program manager for the WestPacNorth TACS/ TADS and IFFN systems. He is currently head of the Interoperability Branch Warfare Systems Engineering Office Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. He holds a B.S. from the U.S. Naval Academy.

JCS Pub 1 defines interoperability as “The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.” With JCS Pub 1 as a foundation, interoperability of systems, units or forces can be factored into a set of components that can quantify interoperability. These components are: media, languages, standards, requirements, environment, procedures, and human factors. The concept described in this paper uses these components as an analysis tool to enable specific detailed analyses of the interoperability of BFC3 systems, units, or forces for the purpose of uncovering and resolving interoperability issues and problems in the U.S. Navy, Joint, and Allied arenas. Also, as a management tool, the components can help determine potential interoperability characteristics of future U.S. Navy BFC3 systems for compliance with battle force systems architectures. The approach selected for the quantification of interoperability was the development of a set of measures of performance (MOPs) and measures of effectiveness (MOEs). The MOPs/MOEs were integrated with a candidate set of components, which were used to partition the totality of interoperability into measurable entities. The methodology described employs basic truth table theory in conjunction with logic equations to evaluate the interoperability components in terms of MOPs that were aggregated to MOEs. It is believed that this concept, although elementary and based on fundamental principles, represents an operationally significant approach rather than a theoretical approach to the quantification of interoperability. The vehicle used as a means to measure the MOPs and MOEs was the Research Evaluation and Systems Analysis (RESA) computer modeling and simulation capability at the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC), San Diego, Calif. Data for the measurements were collected during a Tactical I

关键词： Military Engineering

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AIR-CUSHION LANDING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BAND, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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AN ADVANCED METHODOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC DAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALDEN, DA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form Design System (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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Graphs of processors

Graphs of processors

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International Workshop on Graph-Grammars and Their Application to computer science and Biology, 1978

作者： Savitch, Walter J. Computer Science Program Department of Applied Physics and Information Science University of California at San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States

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Parallel and nondeterministic time complexity classes: Preliminary report 5th

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5th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and programming, ICALP 1978

作者： Savitch, Walter J. Computer Science Program Department of Applied Physics and Information Science University of California at San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540088608

A random access machine model that has parallel processing and string manipulation is introduced. It is shown that NP is equal to the class of sets accepted by this model in nondeterministic time 0(log n), and this result is generalized to arbitrary time classes. A well-behaved subclass of the class of parallel, nondeter-ministic programs is analyzed. © 1978, Springer-Verlag.

关键词： computers

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