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Optics and the Brain, BRAIN 2018

作者： Parot, Vicente J. Farhi, Samouil L. Grama, Abhinav Yamagata, Masahito Abdelfattah, Ahmed Adam, Yoav Lou, Shan Kim, Jeong Jun Campbell, Robert E. Cox, David D. Cohen, Adam E. Biophysics Program Harvard University United States Division of Health Science and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Chemical Biology Program Harvard University United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University United States Center for Brain Science Harvard University United States Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Canada Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University United States J.A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences United States Department of Physics Harvard University United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute United States

Fluorescence background and light scattering impede all-optical mapping of neural function in intact tissue. Hadamard microscopy enabled simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and fluorescence recording of Ca2+ response... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580415

关键词： Fluorescence

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The radius of PSR J0740+6620 from nicer and XMM-Newton data

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Miller, M.C. Lamb, F.K. Dittmann, A.J. Bogdanov, S. Arzoumanian, Z. Gendreau, K.C. Guillot, S. Ho, W.C.G. Lattimer, J.M. Loewenstein, M. Morsink, S.M. Ray, P.S. Wolff, M.T. Baker, C.L. Cazeau, T. Manthripragada, S. Markwardt, C.B. Okajima, T. Pollard, S. Cognard, I. Cromartie, H.T. Fonseca, E. Guillemot, L. Kerr, M. Parthasarathy, A. Pennucci, T.T. Ransom, S. Stairs, I. Department of Astronomy and Joint Space-Science Institute University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-2421 United States Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe and Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801-3080 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801-3074 United States Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 550 West 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States IRAP CNRS 9 avenue du Colonel Roche Toulouse Cedex 4F-31028 France Université de Toulouse CNES UPS-OMP ToulouseF-31028 France Department of Physics and Astronomy Haverford College 370 Lancaster Avenue HaverfordPA19041 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-3800 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-2421 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics University of Alberta 4-183 CCIS EdmontonABT6G 2E1 Canada Space Science Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Applied Engineering and Technology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Instrument Systems and Technology Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay Observatoire de Paris CNRS/INSU Université d'Orléans Nançay18330 France 9 Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement CNRS 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique Orléans Cedex 245071 France Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy Cornell Unive

PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2:08 ± 0:07 Mo, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13:7+2:6-1:5 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼ 2 Mo pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation of state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼ 1:5-3 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included the radius of a 1:4 Mo neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2:08 Mo neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12:45±0:65 km for a 1:4 Mo neutron star and 12:35±0:75 km for a 2:08 Mo neutron star. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Equations of state

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Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO-Virgo Observing Run O3a

引用

Astrophysical Journal 2023年第2期955卷 155-155页

作者： Abbott, R. Abbott, T.D. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adams, C. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adya, V.B. Affeldt, C. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Agatsuma, K. Aggarwal, N. Aguiar, O.D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Allocca, A. Altin, P.A. Amato, A. Anand, C. Anand, S. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrić, T. Angelova, S.V. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Appert, S. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Arène, M. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, N. Aronson, S.M. Arun, K.G. Asada, H. Asali, Y. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Aubin, F. Austin, C. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Bader, M.K.M. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baer, A.M. Bagnasco, S. Bai, Y. Baiotti, L. Baird, J. Bajpai, R. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Balsamo, A. Baltus, G. Banagiri, S. Bankar, D. Barayoga, J.C. Barbieri, C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartlett, J. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bawaj, M. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Bazzan, M. Bécsy, B. Bedakihale, V.M. Bejger, M. Belahcene, I. Benedetto, V. Beniwal, D. Bennett, T.F. Bentley, J.D. BenYaala, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Berry, C.P.L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Bini, S. Birney, R. Birnholtz, O. Biscans, S. Bischi, M. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Biswas, B. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boer, M. Bogaert, G. Boldrini, M. Bonavena, L.D. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Boom, B.A. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, N. Bose, S. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, V. Bouffanais, Y. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, A. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P.R. Bramley, A. Branch, A. Branchesi, M. Brau, J.E. Breschi, M. Briant, T. Briggs, J.H. Brillet, A. Brinkmann, M. Brockill, P. Brooks, A.F. Brooks, J. Brown, D.D. Brunett, S. Bruno, G. Bruntz, R. Bryant, J. Buchanan, J. B LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston 70754 LA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States OzGrav Australian National University Canberra 0200 ACT Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Hannover D-30167 Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover D-30167 Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Paulo São José dos Campos 12227-010 Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa I-56127 Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière Villeurbanne F-69622

We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10⁵¹-10⁵⁷ erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70-3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

关键词： Gravitational wave astronomy Radio transient sources

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Rational design of stealthy hyperuniform two-phase media with tunable order

引用

Physical Review E 2018年第2期97卷 023311-023311页

作者： Robert A. DiStasio, Jr. Ge Zhang Frank H. Stillinger Salvatore Torquato Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Disordered stealthy hyperuniform materials are exotic amorphous states of matter that have attracted recent attention because of their novel structural characteristics (hidden order at large length scales) and physical properties, including desirable photonic and transport properties. It is therefore useful to devise algorithms that enable one to design a wide class of such amorphous configurations at will. In this paper, we present several algorithms enabling the systematic identification and generation of discrete (digitized) stealthy hyperuniform patterns with a tunable degree of order, paving the way towards the rational design of disordered materials endowed with novel thermodynamic and physical properties. To quantify the degree of order or disorder of the stealthy systems, we utilize the discrete version of the τ order metric, which accounts for the underlying spatial correlations that exist across all relevant length scales in a given digitized two-phase (or, equivalently, a two-spin state) system of interest. Our results impinge on a myriad of fields, ranging from physics, materials science and engineering, visual perception, and information theory to modern data science.

关键词： Pattern formation

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Physiological response of premature infants due to the administration of pseudostem banana nest innovation to the incubator

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1179卷

作者： W Hapsari M N Widyawati S Suryono Diploma III of Midwifery Purwokerto PoltekkesKemenkes Semarang Indonesia Postgraduate Applied Science Midwifery Program PoltekkesKemenkes Semarang Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

In this study, innovation of banana pseudostem nest was conducted to assess the physiological response of premature infants due to the provision of pseudostem banana nest innovation in the incubator. This innovation is needed because premature babies need conditions that promote physiological response functions to increase body temperature, gain weight and assess changes in oxygen saturation. Unfortunately, so far there is no temperature stabilizer in the incubator, the incubator is made of electric and heating elements only so that some physical parameters cannot be accommodated with the incubator. Therefore, this paper proposes the innovation of pseudostem banana nest because it has a 400% water absorption level, a higher temperature stabilization on the fibers in commonly used materials. This study measures physiological responses. The research procedure begins with the manufacture of dried banana pseudostem ingredients, making pseudostem banana nest from banana midribs and coated with a cloth shaped like a hand containment. This research uses a quasi-experimental design method with pre-post test control group design. The sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling by consecutive sampling. A sample of 30 preterm infants was divided into 15 control group samples, 15 intervention group samples. Action procedure, the researcher treated the intervention group by placing nest pseudostem banana in the incubator until it surrounded the premature baby for three consecutive days. Measurements were made on parameters of body temperature, weight, oxygen saturation before and after intervention in the control group and intervention group for three consecutive days. The results of this study were obtained significant differences in body temperature, oxygen saturation before and after given nest pseudostem banana with a p-value of 0.001; 0.003. In this study, there were no significant differences in body weight before and after being given nest pseudostem banana with a

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Degenerate metrics on a dual geometry of spherically symmetric space-time

Degenerate metrics on a dual geometry of spherically symmetr...

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2018 International Conference on Black Holes as Cosmic Batteries: UHECRs and Multimessenger Astronomy, BHCB 2018

作者： Lucizani, Angelo Cezar Cabral, Luís A. Seidel, Paola T.Z. Capistrano, Abraão J. Applied Physics Graduation Program UNILA Foz do Iguaçu-PR85867-670 P.O.B: 2123 Brazil Federal Univerity of Tocantins Araguaína-TO Brazil Colégio Estadual Mimoso do Oeste Luís Eduardo Magalhães-BA Brazil Montenegro Filho Astronomy Center Itaipu Technological Park Foz do Iguaçu-PR85867-900 Brazil

We consider a massive spinless particle in a particular curved space-time described by a phase space formalism. For this space-time, we determine nontrivial conserved quantities and geometrical invariants by analytical and numerical methods. By analytic calculations, we revisit (perform) a method to relate two kinds of geometries associated with conserved quantities, whose dual metrics are constructed. The method relies on the calculation of the Stackel-Killing tensors (SKT) presented in a spherically symmetric space-time. We have a system of partial differential equations (PDE) for the symmetric components of the SKT obtained for a given space-time metric. We note that the PDE system is highly non-trivial according to the isometry structure of the original metric. A degenerate metric solution appears in the dual structure, and it is compared with recent works involving space-time bridge solutions in vacuum gravity and nontrivial extensions of the Schwarzschild space-time. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Geometry

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Metadata for the Flux Density Calibration of the April 2018 Event Horizon Telescope Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Koay, J.Y. Romero-Cañizales, C. Matthews, L.D. Janssen, M. Blackburn, L. Tilanus, R.P.J. Park, J. Asada, K. Matsushita, S. Baczko, A.-K. Bella, N. La Chan, C.-K. Crew, G.B. Fish, V. Patel, N. Ramakrishnan, V. Rottmann, H. Wagner, J. Wiik, K. Friberg, P. Goddi, C. Issaoun, S. Keating, G. Kim, J. Krichbaum, T.P. Marrone, D. Narayanan, G. Roy, A. Ruíz, I. Sánchez, S. Torne, P. Weintroub, J. Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St. CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Astronomy and Space Science Kyung Hee University 1732 Deogyeong-daero Giheung-gu Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland Tuorla Observatory Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Finland East Asian Observatory 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 CA Selargius09047 Italy California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique Avenida Divina Pastora 7 Local 20 GranadaE-18012 Spain

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations carried out in 2018 April at 1.3 mm wavelengths included 9 stations in the array, comprising 7 single-dish telescopes and 2 phased arrays. The metadata package for the 2018 EHT observing campaign contains calibration tables required for the a-priori amplitude calibration of the 2018 April visibility data. This memo is the official documentation accompanying the release of the 2018 EHT metadata package, providing an overview of the contents of the package. We describe how telescope sensitivities, gain curves and other relevant parameters for each station in the EHT array were collected, processed, and validated to produce the calibration tables. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telescopes

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Nonlinear Isolators and Circulators Based on Networks of Coupled Resonators 12

Nonlinear Isolators and Circulators Based on Networks of Cou...

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12th International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena, METAMATERIALS 2018

作者： Sounas, D.L. Soric, J. Draguanno, G. Alu, A. University of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AustinTX78712 United States Raytheon AndoverMA United States Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781538647028

We present our recent results in the area of nonlinear nonreciprocal devices, including isolators and circulators. We show that the nonlinear isolators based on single Fano resonators are subject to a fundamental trade-off between transmission and isolation intensity range or bandwidth, stemming from time reversal symmetry. We also show how we can overcome this limitation by using multiple nonlinear resonators. Finally, we show that networks with many nonlinear resonators can also be used to realize more advanced devices, such as circulators. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Resonators

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A roadmap for the atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets with JWST

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： de Wit, Julien Doyon, René Rackham, Benjamin V. Lim, Olivia Ducrot, Elsa Kreidberg, Laura Benneke, Björn Ribas, Ignasi Berardo, David Niraula, Prajwal Iyer, Aishwarya Shapiro, Alexander Kostogryz, Nadiia Witzke, Veronika Gillon, Michaël Agol, Eric Meadows, Victoria Burgasser, Adam J. Owen, James E. Fortney, Jonathan J. Selsis, Franck Bello-Arufe, Aaron de Beurs, Zoë Bolmont, Emeline Cowan, Nicolas Dong, Chuanfei Drake, Jeremy J. Garcia, Lionel Greene, Thomas Haworth, Thomas Hu, Renyu Kane, Stephen R. Kervella, Pierre Koll, Daniel Krissansen-Totton, Joshua Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lichtenberg, Tim Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob Lingam, Manasvi Turbet, Martin Seager, Sara Barkaoui, Khalid Bell, Taylor J. Burdanov, Artem Cadieux, Charles Charnay, Benjamin Cloutier, Ryan Cook, Neil J. Correia, Alexandre C.M. Dang, Lisa Daylan, Tansu Delrez, Laetitia Edwards, Billy Fauchez, Thomas J. Flagg, Laura Fraschetti, Federico Haqq-Misra, Jacob Huang, Ziyu Iro, Nicolas Jayawardhana, Ray Jehin, Emmanuel Jin, Meng Kite, Edwin Kitzmann, Daniel Kral, Quentin Lafrenière, David Libert, Anne-Sophie Liu, Beibei Mohanty, Subhanjoy Morris, Brett M. Murray, Catriona A. Piaulet, Caroline Pozuelos, Francisco J. Radica, Michael Ranjan, Sukrit Rathcke, Alexander Roy, Pierre-Alexis Schwieterman, Edward W. Turner, Jake D. Triaud, Amaury Way, Michael J. Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Université de Montréal MontrealQC Canada Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets Université de Montréal MontrealQC Canada Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Paris Region Fellow Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action France AIM CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Université de Paris Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Campus UAB c/ Can Magrans s/n Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain c/ Gran Capità 2–4 Barcelona08034 Spain School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University 525 E. University Dr. TempeAZ85281 United States Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany Astrobiology Research Unit Université de Liège 19C Allée du 6 Août Liège4000 Belgium Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States NASA Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences UC San Diego UCSD Mail Code 0424 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093-0424 United States Astrophysics Group Imperial College London Blackett Laboratory Prince Consort Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux Univ. Bordeaux CNRS B18N allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Pessac33615 France Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Observatoire astronomique de l’université de Genève Chemin Pegasi 51 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Centre Vie dans l’Univers Faculté des scien

Ultra-cool dwarf stars are abundant, long-lived, and uniquely suited to enable the atmospheric study of transiting terrestrial companions with JWST. Amongst them, the most prominent is the M8.5V star TRAPPIST-1 and its seven planets. While JWST Cycle 1 observations have started to yield preliminary insights into the planets, they have also revealed that their atmospheric exploration requires a better understanding of their host star. Here, we propose a roadmap to characterize the TRAPPIST-1 system—and others like it—in an efficient and robust manner with JWST. We notably recommend that—although more challenging to schedule—multi-transit windows be prioritized to mitigate the effects of stellar activity and gather up to twice more transits per JWST hour spent. We conclude that, for such systems, planets cannot be studied in isolation by small programs, but rather need large-scale, jointly space- and ground-based initiatives to fully exploit the capabilities of JWST for the exploration of terrestrial planets. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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The Land Surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-Arid Environment (LIAISE) field campaign

Journal of the European Meteorological Society

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Journal of the European Meteorological Society 2025年 2卷

作者： Aaron Boone Joaquim Bellvert Martin Best Jennifer K. Brooke Guylaine Canut-Rocafort Joan Cuxart Oscar Hartogensis Patrick Le Moigne Josep Ramon Miró Jan Polcher Jeremy Price Pere Quintana Seguí Joan Bech Yannick Bezombes Oliver Branch Jordi Cristóbal Karin Dassas Pascal Fanise Fabien Gibert Yves Goulas Mehrez Zribi CNRM-Université de Toulouse Météo-France/CNRS 42 ave. G. Coriolis 31057 Toulouse France Efficient Use of Water in Agriculture Program IRTA Parc Agrobiotech Lleida Parc de Gardeny Edifici Fruitcentre 25003 Lleida Spain UKMO FitzRoy Road Exeter Devon EX1 3PB United Kingdom Department of Physics University of the Balearic Islands Cra. de Valldemossa km 75. 07122 Palma Majorca Spain Wageningen University Meteorology and Air Quality Group Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya C/Berlín núm. 38-48 4a 08029 Barcelona Spain Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL) École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris ENS PSL Research University Sorbonne Université CNRS F91128 Palaiseau France Observatori de l’Ebre Universitat Ramon Llull-CSIC Carrer Observatori 3-A. 43520 Roquetes Spain Department of Applied Physics University of Barcelona C/Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain Water Research Institute University of Barcelona C/Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain Laboratoire d’Aérologie Université de Toulouse CNRS UPS 14 avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse France Inst. for Physics and Meteorology University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 30 70599 Stuttgart Germany Department of Geography. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Campus de Bellaterra Edifici B Carrer de la Fortuna s/n 08193 Bellaterra Spain CESBIO UMR 5126 Université Toulouse UT3/CNRS/IRD/CNES et USC INRAe 18 av. Edouard Belin bpi 2801 31401 Toulouse cedex 9 France

One of the greatest challenges facing environmental science is to better understand the impacts of predicted future changes in the terrestrial hydrological cycle. It has been recognized that human activities play a key role and must therefore be considered in future climate simulations. The representation of anthropization in land surface schemes within global earth system models is at a relatively nascent stage and must be improved for more accurate future projections of water resources. The understanding of the impact of anthropogenic processes has been hampered by the lack of consistent and extensive observations. Here, we present the Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-arid Environment (LIAISE) project field campaign which brought together ground-based (surface energy budget estimated at 7 sites, 269 radio soundings made at 2 sites and multiple remote sensing instruments for profiling the lower atmosphere), airborne measurements (3 airplanes and numerous drones measuring surface and atmospheric properties) and satellite data (to derive estimates of irrigation timing, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and surface temperature) to improve our understanding of key natural and anthropogenic land processes and boundary layer feedbacks. The study area is in the Ebro basin of northeastern Spain in a hot, dry Mediterranean climate, with a sharp demarcation between a vast intensively irrigated region and a much drier rainfed zone to the east. Analysis of the observations reveal strong surface heterogeneities of evapotranspiration within the irrigated zone (differences upwards of approximately 7 mm day-1 between fields), linked to the crop type, vegetation phenology and soil moisture, all of which were modulated by irrigation. The significant surface flux differences between the irrigated and rainfed zones were found to result in strongly contrasting atmospheric boundary layer properties (between 2 supersites separated by 14 km) extending u

关键词： Anthropization Irrigation Agriculture Field campaign Surface energy budget Evapotranspiration Land–atmosphere interactions Ebro basin

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