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Effect of imperfections on the hyperuniformity of many-body systems

Physical Review B 2018年第5期97卷 054105-054105页

作者： Jaeuk Kim Salvatore Torquato Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

A hyperuniform many-body system is characterized by a structure factor Sk that vanishes in the small-wave-number limit or equivalently by a local number variance σN2R associated with a spherical window of radius R that grows more slowly than Rd in the large-R limit. Thus, the hyperuniformity implies anomalous suppression of long-wavelength density fluctuations relative to those in typical disordered systems, i.e., σN2R∼Rd as R→∞. Hyperuniform systems include perfect crystals, quasicrystals, and special disordered systems. Disordered hyperuniform systems are amorphous states of matter that lie between a liquid and crystal [S. Torquato et al., Phys. Rev. X 5, 021020 (2015)], and have been the subject of many recent investigations due to their novel properties. In the same way that there is no perfect crystal in practice due to the inevitable presence of imperfections, such as vacancies and dislocations, there is no “perfect” hyperuniform system, whether it is ordered or not. Thus, it is practically and theoretically important to quantitatively understand the extent to which imperfections introduced in a perfectly hyperuniform system can degrade or destroy its hyperuniformity and corresponding physical properties. This paper begins such a program by deriving explicit formulas for Sk in the small-wave-number regime for three types of imperfections: (1) uncorrelated point defects, including vacancies and interstitials, (2) stochastic particle displacements, and (3) thermal excitations in the classical harmonic regime. We demonstrate that our results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. We find that “uncorrelated” vacancies or interstitials destroy hyperuniformity in proportion to the defect concentration p. We show that “uncorrelated” stochastic displacements in perfect lattices can never destroy the hyperuniformity but it can be degraded such that the perturbed lattices fall into class III hyperuniform systems, where σN2R∼Rd−α as R→∞ and 0<α<1. By cont

关键词： Interstitials Structural properties Vacancies

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Optical and physical properties of MnO 2 doped soda-lime- barium-silicate glasses with industrial scales

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2018年第7期5卷 15040-15043页

作者： Rahmat Hidayat Narong Sangwaranatee Jakrapong Kaewkhao Nattapon Srisittipokakun Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung 40132 Indonesia Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok 10300 Thailand Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM) Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand

The aim of the present work is to study the optical and physical properties of MnO 2 doped soda-lime- Barium-silicate glasses with industrial scales. The density and refractive index of all glass samples which the same values are between 3.0250-3.0272 g/cm 3 and 1.5680-1.5688, respectively. From the results are indicate that every parts of glass samples are homogenous. The absorption peaks occurred at a wavelength of around 420 nm are assigned to the transitions of 6 A 1 (S) → 4 A 1 of Mn 2+ .

关键词： Optical properties Physical properties MnO 2 Industrial scales Soda lime silicate glasses

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Identification of Antiferromagnetic Domains Via the Optical Magnetoelectric Effect

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Physical Review Letters 2018年第5期121卷 057601-057601页

作者： Vilmos Kocsis Karlo Penc Toomas Rõõm Urmas Nagel Jakub Vít Judit Romhányi Yusuke Tokunaga Yasujiro Taguchi Yoshinori Tokura István Kézsmárki Sándor Bordács RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Lendület Magneto-optical Spectroscopy Research Group 1111 Budapest Hungary Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics Wigner Research Centre for Physics Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest P.O.B. 49 Hungary National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics 12618 Tallinn Estonia Institute of Physics ASCR Na Slovance 2 182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University Břehová 7 115 19 Prague 1 Czech Republic Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna-son Okinawa 904-0395 Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science University of Tokyo Kashiwa 277-8561 Japan Quantum-Phase Electronics Center Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Experimental Physics 5 Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism Institute of Physics University of Augsburg 86159 Augsburg Germany Hungarian Academy of Sciences Premium Postdoctor Program 1051 Budapest Hungary

The ultimate goal of multiferroic research is the development of a new-generation nonvolatile memory devices, where magnetic bits are controlled via electric fields with low energy consumption. Here, we demonstrate the optical identification of magnetoelectric (ME) antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains in the LiCoPO4 exploiting the strong absorption difference between the domains. This unusual contrast, also present in zero magnetic field, is attributed to the dynamic ME effect of the spin-wave excitations, as confirmed by our microscopic model, which also captures the characteristics of the observed static ME effect. The control and the optical readout of AFM/ME domains, demonstrated here, will likely promote the development of ME and spintronic devices based on AFM insulators.

关键词： Magnetoelectric effect Optical & microwave phenomena Multiferroics Single crystal materials Terahertz spectroscopy

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Author Correction: Huntington's disease cellular phenotypes are rescued non-cell autonomously by healthy cells in mosaic telencephalic organoids

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4723页

作者： Maura Galimberti Maria R Nucera Vittoria D Bocchi Paola Conforti Elena Vezzoli Matteo Cereda Camilla Maffezzini Raffaele Iennaco Andrea Scolz Andrea Falqui Chiara Cordiglieri Martina Cremona Ira Espuny-Camacho Andrea Faedo Dan P Felsenfeld Thomas F Vogt Valeria Ranzani Chiara Zuccato Dario Besusso Elena Cattaneo Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases Department of Biosciences University of Milan 20122 Milan Italy. INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Milan Italy. Stem Cell Biology Department Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC 3052 Australia. Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA. ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center San Raffaele Scientific Institute DIBIT 1 Via Olgettina 58 20132 Milan Italy. Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" University of Milan Via Celoria 16 20133 Milan Italy. Swiss Stem Cell Foundation Via Petrini 2 6900 Lugano Switzerland. GIGA-Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R) University of Liège C.H.U. Sart Tilman 4000 Liège Belgium. Axxam OpenZone Via Meucci 3 20091 Bresso Milan Italy. CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation New York NY USA. Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases Department of Biosciences University of Milan 20122 Milan Italy. elena.cattaneo@unimi.it. INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" Milan Italy. elena.cattaneo@unimi.it.

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A first-principles study on the quantum tunneling of methylhydroxycarbene isomerization in various solvents

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1568卷

作者： E D Susanti F Rusydi I Puspitasari R N Fadilla N D Aisyah A Ahmad Research Center for Quantum Engineering Design Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Visiting Researcher at Precision Sciences & Technology and Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan Information System Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia School of Chemical Science and Food Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor 43600 Malaysia

Quantum tunneling phenomenon allows a high-barrier reaction to occur even though thermal energy is not sufficient to surmount the barrier. The phenomenon has been suggested to exist in the isomerization of methylhydroxycarbene which occured at 11 K. Here we study the quantum tunneling that occured in the isomerization of methylhydroxycarbene to acetaldehyde and to vinyl alcohol based on density functional calculations. The isomerization pathways are determined under the effect of various solvents which are modeled by polarizable continuum model (PCM). We use Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation to calculate the tunneling probability (T) and extend the usefulness of T into isomerization rate. The results show that the solvents give a significant effect on the isomerization rate of methylhydroxycarbene to acetaldehyde but an insignificant one on the isomerization rate to vinyl alcohol.

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P-71: On the Origin and Significance of Melting Dimensionality in ELA of Si films

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SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 2018年第1期49卷

作者： Wenkai Pan Vernon Wong Miao Yu Ruobing Song Insung Choi James S. Im Program in Materials Science and Engineering Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY United States

Our recent investigations have revealed that substantially 2D melting transpires during the ELA process. In this paper, we first present the experimental finding that shows how this behavior at least stems intrinsically from the presence in the material of melt-prone grain boundaries and superheating-permitting Si-oxide interface. We also point out, and substantiate with numerical simulation results, that the manifested dimensionality of melting can figure in affecting (1) the energy utilization efficiency of the ELA method, as well as (2) the microstructural uniformity of the resulting polycrystalline materials.

关键词： Excimer-laser annealing laser crystallization materials processing phase transformations melting and solidification

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End-to-end symmetry preserving inter-atomic potential energy model for finite and extended systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Zhang, Linfeng Han, Jiequn Wang, Han Saidi, Wissam A. Car, Roberto Weinan, E. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University United States Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics China CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Princeton University United States Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University United States Department of Mathematics Princeton University United States Beijing Institute of Big Data Research China

Machine learning models are changing the paradigm of molecular modeling, which is a fundamental tool for material science, chemistry, and computational biology. Of particular interest is the inter-atomic potential energy surface (PES). Here we develop Deep Potential - Smooth Edition (DeepPot-SE), an end-to-end machine learning-based PES model, which is able to efficiently represent the PES of a wide variety of systems with the accuracy of ab initio quantum mechanics models. By construction, DeepPot-SE is extensive and continuously differentiable, scales linearly with system size, and preserves all the natural symmetries of the system. Further, we show that DeepPot-SE describes finite and extended systems including organic molecules, metals, semiconductors, and insulators with high fidelity. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potential energy

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HIDDEN MULTISCALE ORDER IN THE PRIMES

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Torquato, Salvatore Zhang, Ge Courcy-Ireland, Matthew De Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We study the pair correlations between prime numbers in an interval M ≤ p ≤ M + L with M → ∞, L/M → β > 0. By analyzing the structure factor, we prove, conditionally on the Hardy-Littlewood conjecture on prime pairs, that the primes are characterized by unanticipated multiscale order. Specifically, their limiting structure factor is that of a union of an infinite number of periodic systems and is characterized by dense set of Dirac delta functions. Primes in dyadic intervals are the first examples of what we call effectively limit-periodic point configurations. This behavior implies anomalously suppressed density fluctuations compared to uncorrelated (Poisson) systems at large length scales, which is now known as hyperuniformity. Using a scalar order metric τ calculated from the structure factor, we identify a transition between the order exhibited when L is comparable to M and the uncorrelated behavior when L is only logarithmic in M. Our analysis for the structure factor leads to an algorithm to reconstruct primes in a dyadic interval with high accuracy. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Delta functions

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Uncovering multiscale order in the prime numbers via scattering

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Torquato, .S. Zhang, .G. De Courcy-Ireland, M. Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

The prime numbers have been a source of fascination for millenia and continue to surprise us. Motivated by the hyperuniformity concept, which has attracted recent attention in physics and materials science, we show that the prime numbers in certain large intervals possess unanticipated order across length scales and represent the first example of a new class of many-particle systems with pure point diffraction patterns, which we call effectively limit-periodic. In particular, the primes in this regime are hyperuniform. This is shown analytically using the structure factor S(k), proportional to the scattering intensity from a many-particle system. Remarkably, the structure factor for primes is characterized by dense Bragg peaks, like a quasicrystal, but positioned at certain rational wavenumbers, like a limit-periodic point pattern. We identify a transition between ordered and disordered prime regimes that depends on the intervals studied. Our analysis leads to an algorithm that enables one to predict primes with high accuracy. Effective limit-periodicity deserves future investigation in physics, independent of its link to the primes. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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A limited habitable zone for complex life

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Schwieterman, Edward W. Reinhard, Christopher T. Lyons, Timoth W. Olson, Stephanie L. Harman, Chester E. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California RiversideCA United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Universities Space Research Association ColumbiaMD United States NASA Astrobiology Institute Alternative Earths Team RiversideCA United States Virtual Planetary Laboratory SeattleWA United States Bl M bl S I tit t f S i S ttl W hi t United States School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States De artment of Geo h sical Sciences Universit of Chica o Chica o IL United States NASA Goddard Institute for S ace Studies New YorkNY United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Applied Physics Columbia University New YorkNY United States

The habitable zone (HZ) is commonly defined as the range of distances from a host star within which liquid water, a key requirement for life, may exist on a planet’s surface. Substantially more CO2 than present in Earth’s modern atmosphere is required to maintain clement temperatures for most of the HZ, with several bars required at the outer edge. However, most complex aerobic life on Earth is limited by CO2 concentrations of just fractions of a bar. At the same time, most exoplanets in the traditional HZ reside in proximity to M dwarfs, which are more numerous than Sun-like G dwarfs but are predicted to promote greater abundances of gases that can be toxic in the atmospheres of orbiting planets, such as carbon monoxide (CO). Here we show that the HZ for complex aerobic life is likely limited relative to that for microbial life. We use a 1D radiative-convective climate and photochemical models to circumscribe a Habitable Zone for Complex Life (HZCL) based on known toxicity limits for a range of organisms as a proof of concept. We find that for CO2 tolerances of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 bar, the HZCL is only 21%, 32%, and 50% as wide as the conventional HZ for a Sun-like star, and that CO concentrations may limit some complex life throughout the entire HZ of the coolest M dwarfs. These results cast new light on the likely distribution of complex life in the universe and have important ramifications for the search for exoplanet biosignatures and technosignatures. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon monoxide

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