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arXiv 2018年

作者： Oguz, Erdal C. Socolar, Joshua E.S. Steinhardt, Paul J. Torquato, Salvatore School of Mechanical Engineering Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Physics Department Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Physics Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics Department of Physics New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States

We consider the scaling properties characterizing the hyperuniformity (or anti-hyperuniformity) of long wavelength fluctuations in a broad class of one-dimensional substitution tilings. We present a simple argument that predicts the exponent α governing the scaling of Fourier intensities at small wavenumbers, tilings with α > 0 being hyperuniform, and confirm with numerical computations that the predictions are accurate for quasiperiodic tilings, tilings with singular continuous spectra, and limit-periodic tilings. Tilings with quasiperiodic or singular continuous spectra can be constructed with α arbitrarily close to any given value between −1 and 3. Limit-periodic tilings can be constructed with α between −1 and 1 or with Fourier intensities that approach zero faster than any power law. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Lipid-dependent conformational dynamics underlie the functional versatility of T-cell receptor

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细胞研究（英文版） 2017年第4期27卷 505-525页

作者： Wenmao Huang Mingjun Cai Xiaohui F Zhang Chun Tang Hongda Wang Wanli Liu Yi Cao Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China Bioengineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei 430071 China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

T-cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR) is a versatile signaling machine that can initiate antigen-specific immune responses based on various biochemical changes of CD3 cytoplasmic domains,but the underlying structural basis remains *** we developed biophysical approaches to study the conformational dynamics of CD3ε cytoplasmic domain (CD3εCD).At the single-molecule level,we found that CD3εCD could have multiple conformational states withdifferent openness of three functional motifs,i.e.,ITAM,BRS and *** conformations were generated because different regions of CD3εCD had heterogeneous lipid-binding properties and therefore had heterogeneous ***-cell imaging experiments demonstrated that different antigen stimulations could stabilize CD3εCD at different ***-dependent conformational dynamics thus provide structural basis for the versatile signaling property of TCR.

关键词： T-cell receptor lipid conformational dynamics atomic force microscopy nuclear magnetic resonance live-cell imaging

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Quantum spin liquid signatures in Kitaev-like frustrated magnets

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Physical Review B 2018年第7期97卷 075126-075126页

作者： Matthias Gohlke Gideon Wachtel Youhei Yamaji Frank Pollmann Yong Baek Kim Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme 01187 Dresden Germany Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A7 Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan JST PRESTO Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Technische Universität München 85747 Garching Germany Canadian Institute for Advanced Research/Quantum Materials Program Toronto Ontario MSG 1Z8 Canada School of Physics Korea Institute for Advanced Study Seoul 130-722 Korea

Motivated by recent experiments on α−RuCl3, we investigate a possible quantum spin liquid ground state of the honeycomb-lattice spin model with bond-dependent interactions. We consider the K−Γ model, where K and Γ represent the Kitaev and symmetric-anisotropic interactions between spin-1/2 moments on the honeycomb lattice. Using the infinite density matrix renormalization group, we provide compelling evidence for the existence of quantum spin liquid phases in an extended region of the phase diagram. In particular, we use transfer-matrix spectra to show the evolution of two-particle excitations with well-defined two-dimensional dispersion, which is a strong signature of a quantum spin liquid. These results are compared with predictions from Majorana mean-field theory and used to infer the quasiparticle excitation spectra. Further, we compute the dynamical structure factor using finite-size cluster computations and show that the results resemble the scattering continuum seen in neutron-scattering experiments on α−RuCl3. We discuss these results in light of recent and future experiments.

关键词： Frustrated magnetism Quantum spin liquid Spin liquid Spin-orbit coupling Strongly correlated systems Density matrix renormalization group Exact diagonalization Mean field theory

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Universal approximation of symmetric and anti-symmetric functions

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Han, Jiequn Li, Yingzhou Lin, Lin Lu, Jianfeng Zhang, Jiefu Zhang, Linfeng Department of Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Mathematics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Mathematics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Mathematics Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Mathematics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We consider universal approximations of symmetric and anti-symmetric functions, which are important for applications in quantum physics, as well as other scientific and engineering computations. We give constructive approximations with explicit bounds on the number of parameters with respect to the dimension and the target accuracy ǫ. While the approximation still suffers from curse of dimensionality, to the best of our knowledge, these are first results in the literature with explicit error bounds. Moreover, we also discuss neural network architecture that can be suitable for approximating symmetric and anti-symmetric functions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network architecture

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Postdoc Perspectives on Leadership and Matters of Equity and Inclusion in Polar Science

Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists

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Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists 2024年第1期5卷

作者： Sophie Goliber Jason Coenen Heather Fair Angela R. Szesciorka Kirstin Schulz David J. Harning Benjamin Fernando Stanislav Saas Ksenofontov Astrid Pacini Marisol Juarez Rivera Radiance Calmer John A. Conroy Eva Lisa Doting Marie Bergelin Devon Dunmire Maria Luisa Sánchez Montes Alexandra M. Ravelo Anne Sledd Taylor R. Stinchcomb Emily J. Tibbett Mariama C. Dryák-Vallies The State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA Marine Mammal Institute Hatfield Marine Science Center Oregon State University Newport OR USA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA ARCTICenter University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls IA USA Applied Physics Laboratory Polar Science Center University of Washington Seattle WA USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO USA Ocean Sciences Department University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Berkeley Geochronology Center Berkeley CA USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder CO USA Wildlife Conservation Society Arctic-Beringia Program Fairbanks AK USA University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA Polar Science Early Career Community Office University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA

In 2023, the first Polar Postdoc Leadership Workshop convened to discuss present and future polar science issues and to develop leadership skills. The workshop discussions fostered a collective commitment to inclusive leadership within the polar science community among all participants. Here, we outline challenges encountered by underrepresented groups in polar sciences, while also noting that progress has been made to improve inclusivity in the field. Further, we highlight the inclusive leadership principles identified by workshop participants to bring to the polar community as we transition into leadership roles. Finally, insights and practical knowledge we gained from the workshop are shared, aiming to inform the community of our commitment to inclusive leadership and encourage the polar community to join us in pursuing action toward our shared vision for a more welcoming polar science future. As a small community of postdoctoral researchers, we outline the leadership skills envisioned for an inclusive future in polar sciences Our vision is to increase the success of underrepresented individuals as leaders by creating a welcoming and supportive career environment Group norms and leadership skills focused on emotional intelligence are critical to equity and inclusion in polar sciences

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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO–Virgo Observing Run

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第24期126卷 241102-241102页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Auclair P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo S. Barnum F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. D LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illi

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO–Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10−15. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.

关键词： Cosmic strings & domain walls Gravitational waves

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High-Reynolds-number turbulent cavity flow using the lattice Boltzmann method

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Physical Review E 2018年第4期98卷 043302-043302页

作者： L. A. Hegele, Jr. A. Scagliarini M. Sbragaglia K. K. Mattila P. C. Philippi D. F. Puleri J. Gounley A. Randles Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Petroleum Engineering Santa Catarina State University Balneário Camboriú Santa Catarina 88336-275 Brazil CNR-IAC Institute for Applied Mathematics “M. Picone” 00185 Rome Italy Department of Physics and INFN University of “Tor Vergata” 00133 Rome Italy Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland Department of Physics Tampere University of Technology FI-33101 Tampere Finland Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Paraná 80215-901 Brazil

We present a boundary condition scheme for the lattice Boltzmann method that has significantly improved stability for modeling turbulent flows while maintaining excellent parallel scalability. Simulations of a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow are found to be stable up to the unprecedented Reynolds number Re=5×104 for this setup. Excellent agreement with energy balance equations, computational and experimental results are shown. We quantify rises in the production of turbulence and turbulent drag, and determine peak locations of turbulent production.

关键词： Transition to turbulence Lattice-Boltzmann methods

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Real-Time Tomography with Interactive 3D Visualization using tomviz

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2018年第S1期24卷 556-557页

作者： Robert Hovden Jonathan Schwartz Chris Harris Cory Quammen Shawn Waldon Peter Ercius Marcus D. Hanwell Yi Jiang Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Kitware Inc. Clifton Park NY USA National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA X-ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL USA

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Phase formation analysis of Sn-rich bonding layer by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2008卷

作者： Chupong Pakpum Kanokwan Kanchiang 1Program in Applied Physics Faculty of Science Maejo University Chiang Mai 50290 Thailand

This work aims to investigate the phase formation of SnAu binary system which is Sn-rich bonding layer of total thickness in order of about 2 μm. Stack of metals layer prepared on silicon were prepared by evaporation technique that compose of Ti/Pt/Au on one side of silicon surface and Ti/Pt/Sn/Au on another side of silicon surface. Both silicon surface was bonded under vacuum pressure with annealing temperature 320°C and 57.5 g bonding force for 30 minutes. A mixing of δ-AuSn, ε−AuSn2 and η-AuSn4 are detected by energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) micro-analyzer and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).

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Dynamics of topological solitons, knotted streamlines, and transport of cargo in liquid crystals

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Physical Review E 2018年第5期97卷 052701-052701页

作者： Hayley R. O. Sohn Paul J. Ackerman Timothy J. Boyle Ghadah H. Sheetah Bengt Fornberg Ivan I. Smalyukh Soft Materials Research Center and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Applied Mathematics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Active colloids and liquid crystals are capable of locally converting the macroscopically supplied energy into directional motion and promise a host of new applications, ranging from drug delivery to cargo transport at the mesoscale. Here we uncover how topological solitons in liquid crystals can locally transform electric energy to translational motion and allow for the transport of cargo along directions dependent on frequency of the applied electric field. By combining polarized optical video microscopy and numerical modeling that reproduces both the equilibrium structures of solitons and their temporal evolution in applied fields, we uncover the physical underpinnings behind this reconfigurable motion and study how it depends on the structure and topology of solitons. We show that, unexpectedly, the directional motion of solitons with and without the cargo arises mainly from the asymmetry in rotational dynamics of molecular ordering in liquid crystal rather than from the asymmetry of fluid flows, as in conventional active soft matter systems.

关键词： Chirality Topological defects Active nematics Cholesteric liquid crystals Nanoparticles Nematic liquid crystals Soft colloids Solitons

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