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5th Anniversary Article: A Lesson from Plants: High-Speed Soft Robotic Actuators (Adv. Sci. 5/2020)

Advanced Science 2020年第5期7卷 2070024-2070024页

作者： Richard Baumgartner Alexander Kogler Josef M. Stadlbauer Choon Chiang Foo Rainer Kaltseis Melanie Baumgartner Guoyong Mao Christoph Keplinger Soo Jin Adrian Koh Nikita Arnold Zhigang Suo Martin Kaltenbrunner Siegfried Bauer Soft Matter Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz 4040 Austria Soft Materials Lab Linz Institute of Technology LIT Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz 4040 Austria Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore Institute of Polymer Science Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz 4040 Austria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80303 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 29 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Explosion of ping‐pong balls that is caused by the rapid inflation of an elastomer membrane. The illustrated ultrafast actuation is based on a plant‐inspired mechanical instability that occurs in natural rubber and can be remotely triggered, presented in article number https://***/10.1002/advs.201903391 by Martin Kaltenbrunner and co‐workers. These new types of high‐speed soft actuators have potential applications in object sorting or grasping.

关键词： bioinspired dielectric elastomer actuators coupled dielectric elastomer balloons snap-buckling snap-through instabilities soft robotics for high-speed actuation

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Evolution of semantic networks in biomedical texts

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Chai, Lucy R. Bassett, Danielle S. Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Program in Machine Learning Speech and Language Technology Department of Engineering University of Cambridge CambridgeCB2 1ST United Kingdom Department of Physics & Astronomy College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

Language is hierarchically organized: words are built into phrases, sentences, and paragraphs to represent complex ideas. A similar hierarchical structure is observed across many other biological, electronic, and transportation networks supporting complex functions. Here we ask whether the organization of language in written text displays fractal hierarchical architecture. Specifically, we test two hypotheses: (i) that the structure of the exposition in scientific research articles displays the Rentian scaling principle, which marks hierarchical fractal-like structure, and (ii) that the exponent of the scaling law changes as the article is revised to maximize information transmission. Using 32 scientific manuscripts – each containing between three and 26 iterations of revision – we construct semantic networks in which nodes represented unique words in each manuscript, and in which edges connect nodes if two words appeared within the same 5-word window. We show that these semantic networks modeling the content of scientific articles display clear Rentian scaling, and that the Rent exponent varies over the publication life cycle, from the first draft to the final revision. Furthermore, we observe that manuscripts fell into three clusters in terms of how the scaling exponents changed across drafts: exponents rising over time, falling over time, and remaining relatively stable over time. This change in exponent reflects the evolution in semantic network structure over the manuscript revision process, highlighting a balance between network complexity, which increases the exponent, and network efficiency, which decreases the exponent. Lastly, the final value of the Rent exponent is negatively correlated with the number of authors. Taken together, our results suggest that semantic networks reflecting the structure of exposition in scientific research articles display striking hierarchical architecture that arbitrates trade-offs between competing constraints on network orga

关键词： Complex networks

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Deep learning models of the retinal response to natural scenes 30

Deep learning models of the retinal response to natural scen...

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30th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 2016

作者： McIntosh, Lane T. Maheswaranathan, Niru Nayebi, Aran Ganguli, Surya Baccus, Stephen A. Neurosciences PhD Program United States Department of Applied Physics Mexico Neurobiology Department Stanford University United States

A central challenge in sensory neuroscience is to understand neural computations and circuit mechanisms that underlie the encoding of ethologically relevant, natural stimuli. In multilayered neural circuits, nonlinear processes such as synaptic transmission and spiking dynamics present a significant obstacle to the creation of accurate computational models of responses to natural stimuli. Here we demonstrate that deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) capture retinal responses to natural scenes nearly to within the variability of a cell's response, and are markedly more accurate than linear-nonlinear (LN) models and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). Moreover, we find two additional surprising properties of CNNs: they are less susceptible to overfitting than their LN counterparts when trained on small amounts of data, and generalize better when tested on stimuli drawn from a different distribution (e.g. between natural scenes and white noise). An examination of the learned CNNs reveals several properties. First, a richer set of feature maps is necessary for predicting the responses to natural scenes compared to white noise. Second, temporally precise responses to slowly varying inputs originate from feedforward inhibition, similar to known retinal mechanisms. Third, the injection of latent noise sources in intermediate layers enables our model to capture the sub-Poisson spiking variability observed in retinal ganglion cells. Fourth, augmenting our CNNs with recurrent lateral connections enables them to capture contrast adaptation as an emergent property of accurately describing retinal responses to natural scenes. These methods can be readily generalized to other sensory modalities and stimulus ensembles. Overall, this work demonstrates that CNNs not only accurately capture sensory circuit responses to natural scenes, but also can yield information about the circuit's internal structure and function. © 2016 NIPS Foundation - All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Rules all PIs should follow

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2022年第6588期376卷 24-26页

作者： Jennifer S Chen Chih Ying Huang Shantanu Lanke Michael Sanjay Fernandopulle Yongsheng Ji Yuan Zhi Sara Granado Rodríguez Andrea Y Frommel Martin Lukačišin Yida Zhang Christina N Zdenek Xiao-Yu Wu Senthilkumar Seenuvasaragavan Yan Zhuang Cathrine Bergh Jaime Coulbois Salam Salloum-Asfar Bo Cao Katherine Davis Fernanda Oda Nikos Konstantinides Liping Zhang Divyansh Agarwal Joseph Nicholas Rainaldi Jan Kadlec Jelle Vekeman Vishal Anirudh Kanigicherla Kathryn Oi Kyle J Isaacson Rakesh Ganji Emma Dawson-Glass Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT 06510 USA. Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan (Republic of China). Maharashtra 422101 India. Medical Scientist Training Program Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA. Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China. School of Economics Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China. Department of Biology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain. Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada. Faculty of Medicine Technion Haifa 3525433 Israel. Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard University Brookline MA 02445 USA. School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada. Mumbai 400076 India. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China. KTH Royal Institute of Technology 11428 Stockholm Sweden. Departamento de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Madrid Spain. Qatar Biomedical Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar. Core Research Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710004 China. Imperial College London London UK. Department of Applied Behavioral Science University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA. Université Paris Cité Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut Jacques Monod F-75013 Paris France. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China. Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA. Department of Biomedical Science University of Calif

We asked young scientists to write a rule that all principal investigators (PIs) should be required to follow to improve the experience of young scientists in their lab. Read a selection of their suggestions below. Fo...

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Higher winding number in a nonunitary photonic quantum walk

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Physical Review A 2018年第6期98卷 063847-063847页

作者： Lei Xiao Xingze Qiu Kunkun Wang Zhihao Bian Xiang Zhan Hideaki Obuse Barry C. Sanders Wei Yi Peng Xue Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Hefei 230026 China Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China CAS Hefei 230026 China Department of Applied Physics Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China CAS Hefei 230026 China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1M1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

Topological matter exhibits exotic properties yet phases characterized by large topological invariants are difficult to implement, despite rapid experimental progress. A promising route toward higher topological invariants is via engineered Floquet systems, particularly in photonics, where flexible control holds the potential of extending the study of conventional topological matter to novel regimes. Here we implement a one-dimensional photonic quantum walk to explore large winding numbers. By introducing partial measurements and hence loss into the system, we detect winding numbers of three and four in multistep nonunitary quantum walks, which agree well with theoretical predictions. Moreover, by probing statistical moments of the walker, we identify locations of topological phase transitions in the system and reveal the breaking of pseudounitary near topological phase boundaries. As the winding numbers are associated with nonunitary time evolution, our investigation enriches understanding of topological phenomena in nonunitary settings.

关键词： Geometric & topological phases Open quantum systems & decoherence Optical quantum information processing Quantum optics Quantum simulation Random walks

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Using spatial characteristics to aid automation of SOM segmentation of functional image data

Using spatial characteristics to aid automation of SOM segme...

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International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization, Clustering and Data Visualization (WSOM)

作者： Patrick O'Driscoll Erzsébet Merényi Robert Grossman Applied Physics Program Rice University Houston Texas Departments of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas Department of Neurosurgery Houston Methodist Neurological Institute Houston Texas

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066391

We propose a new similarity measure, Combined Connectivity and Spatial Adjacency (CCSA), to be used in hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) for automated segmentation of Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs, Kohonen [1]). The CCSA measure is specifically designed to assist segmentation of large, complex, functional image data by exploiting general spatial characteristics of such data. The proposed CCSA measure is constructed from two strong indicators of cluster structure: the degree of localization of data points in physical space and the degree of connectivity of SOM prototypes (as defined by Taçdemir and Merényi [2]). The new measure is expected to enhance cluster capture in large functional image data cubes such as hyperspectral imagery or fMRI brain images, where many relevant clusters exist with widely varying statistical properties and in complex relationships both in feature space and in physical (image) space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using the CCSA measure on progressively complex synthetic spatial data and on real fMRI brain data.

关键词： Prototypes Resource description framework Extraterrestrial measurements Brain Spatial databases Image segmentation Hyperspectral imaging

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Effect of SeO 2 on glass coloration from silver nanoparticles in self striking process

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2017年第5期4卷 6444-6449页

作者： N. Sangwaranatee J. Kaewkhao Y. Ruangtaweep Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha University Bangkok 10300 Thailand Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM) Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand Science Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand

In this work, the effect of selenium oxide on glass coloration from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped in glasses were investigated. The glass samples were prepared with glass composition (63.97-x(SiO 2 : 10CaO: 10K 2 O: 15Na 2 O: 0.5Sb 2 O 3 : 0.5SnO 2 : 0.03AgNPs: xSeO 2 (where x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% by weight). The glasses were melted by conventional melt quench technique at 1,500 °C in open atmosphere. The results were found that, the glass samples doped with SeO 2 concentration of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight showed the amber color. The color was confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 200-1,100 nm and from the color coordinate in CIE L∗a∗b∗ system. Moreover, the amber color was obtained immediately when take out the glass from the furnace, without second heat treatment.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Selenium oxide Glass

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Modified Transport-of-Intensity Approach for Mapping In-situ Magnetic Induction

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2017年第S1期23卷 930-931页

作者： C. Phatak V. Brajuskovic F. Barrows A. Petford-Long Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

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Resolving spin, valley, and moiré quasi-angular momentum of interlayer excitons in WSe2/WS2 heterostructures

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Jin, Chenhao Regan, Emma C. Wang, Danqing Iqbal Bakti Utama, M. Yang, Chan-Shan Cain, Jeffrey Qin, Ying Shen, Yuxia Zheng, Zhiren Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Tongay, Sefaattin Zettl, Alex Wang, Feng Department of Physics University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei11677 Taiwan Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute University of California Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan

Moiré superlattices provide a powerful way to engineer properties of electrons and excitons in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures1-11. The moiré effect can be especially strong for interlayer excitons, where electrons and holes reside in different layers and can be addressed separately. In particular, it was recently proposed that the moiré superlattice potential not only localizes interlayer exciton states at different superlattice positions, but also hosts an emerging moiré quasi-angular momentum (QAM) that periodically switches the optical selection rules for interlayer excitons at different moiré sites12,13. Here we report the observation of multiple interlayer exciton states coexisting in a WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattice and unambiguously determine their spin, valley, and moiré QAM through novel resonant optical pump-probe spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. We demonstrate that interlayer excitons localized at different moiré sites can exhibit opposite optical selection rules due to the spatially-varying moiré QAM. Our observation reveals new opportunities to engineer interlayer exciton states and valley physics with moiré superlattices for optoelectronic and valleytronic applications. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Angular momentum

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Probing ultrafast dynamics of bacterial reaction centers using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy

Probing ultrafast dynamics of bacterial reaction centers usi...

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International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, UP 2016

作者： Niedringhaus, Andrew Policht, Veronica R. Ogilvie, Jennifer P. Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

We present two-dimensional electronic spectroscopic data from reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria with excitation and detection bandwidths spanning the B, P, and H absorption bands. We fit the population kinet... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580187

关键词： Absorption spectroscopy

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