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Tumor Cell-Specific Nuclear Targeting of Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots In Vivo

Bioconjugate chemistry 2017年第10期28卷 2608-2619页

作者： Chenjie Yao Yusong Tu Lin Ding Chenchen Li Jiao Wang Haiping Fang Yanan Huang Kangkang Zhang Quan Lu Minghong Wu Yanli Wang Institute of Nano-chemistry and Nano-biology Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P.R. China. College of Physics Science and Technology Yangzhou University Jiangsu 225009 P.R. China. School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P.R. China. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China. Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts 02115 United States.

Specific targeting of tumor tissues is essential for tumor imaging and therapeutics but remains challenging. Here, we report an unprecedented method using synthetic sulfonic-graphene quantum dots (sulfonic-GQDs) to exactly target the cancer cell nuclei in vivo without any bio- ligand modification, with no intervention in cells of normal tissues. The key factor for such selectivity is the high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in tumor tissues, which allows the penetration of sulfonic-GQDs into the plasma membrane of tumor cells. In vitro, the sulfonic-GQDs are repelled out of the cell membrane because of the repulsive force between negatively charged sulfonic-GQDs and the cell membranes which contributes to the low distribution in normal tissues in vivo. However, the plasma membrane-crossing process can be activated by incubating cells in ultrathin film culture medium because of the attachment of sulfonic-GQDs on cell memebranes. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that, once transported across the plasma membrane, the negatively charged functional groups of these GQDs will leave the membrane with a self-cleaning function retaining a small enough size to achieve penetration through the nuclear membrane into the nucleus. Our study showed that IFP is a previously unrecognized mechanism for specific targeting of tumor cell nuclei and suggested that sulfonic-GQDs may be developed into novel tools for tumor-specific imaging and therapeutics.

关键词： Rodent models Cells Targeting Cancer Tumors

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Fiber‐in‐Tube Design of Co9S8‐Carbon/Co9S8: Enabling Efficient Sodium Storage

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第19期131卷

作者： Xiaoyan Li Kaikai Li Sicong Zhu Ke Fan Linlong Lyu Haimin Yao Yiyang Li Jinlian Hu Haitao Huang Yiu‐Wing Mai John B. Goodenough Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China College of Science and Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and Technology China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong China Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT) School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering J07 The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

The sodium‐ion battery is a promising battery technology owing to its low price and high abundance of sodium. However, the sluggish kinetics of sodium ion makes it hard to achieve high‐rate performance, therefore impairing the power density. In this work, a fiber‐in‐tube Co 9 S 8 ‐carbon(C)/Co 9 S 8 is designed with fast sodiation kinetics. The experimental and simulation analysis show that the dominating capacitance mechanism for the high Na‐ion storage performance is due to abundant grain boundaries, three exposed layer interfaces, and carbon wiring in the design. As a result, the fiber‐in‐tube hybrid anode shows a high specific capacity of 616 mAh g −1 after 150 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 . At 1 A g −1 , a capacity of ca. 451 mAh g −1 can be achieved after 500 cycles. More importantly, a high energy density of 779 Wh kg −1 and power density of 7793 W kg −1 can be obtained simultaneously.

关键词： Anoden Co9S8-Kohlenstoff/Co9S8 Korngrenzen Pseudokapazität Natriumionenbatterien

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Causal unit of rotors in a cardiac system

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ashikaga, Hiroshi Prieto-Castrillo, Francisco Kawakatsu, Mari Dehghani, Nima Cardiac Arrhythmia Service Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 600 N Wolfe Street Carnegie 568 BaltimoreMD21287 United States Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

The heart exhibits complex systems behaviors during atrial fibrillation (AF), where the macroscopic collective behavior of the heart causes the microscopic behavior. However, the relationship between the downward causation and scale is nonlinear. We describe rotors in multiple spatiotemporal scales by generating a renormalization group from a numerical model of cardiac excitation, and evaluate the causal architecture of the system by quantifying causal emergence. Causal emergence is an information-theoretic metric that quantifies emergence or reduction between microscopic and macroscopic behaviors of a system by evaluating effective information at each spatiotemporal scale. We find that there is a spatiotemporal scale at which effective information peaks in the cardiac system with rotors. There is a positive correlation between the number of rotors and causal emergence up to the scale of peak causation. In conclusion, one can coarse-grain the cardiac system with rotors to identify a macroscopic scale at which the causal power reaches the maximum. This scale of peak causation should correspond to that of the AF driver, where networks of cardiomyocytes serve as the causal units. Those causal units, if identified, can be reasonable therapeutic targets of clinical intervention to cure AF. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heart

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Visible luminescence properties of Sm3+ doped magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses 2nd

Visible luminescence properties of Sm3+ doped magnesium bism...

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2nd International Conference on applied physics and Material Applications, ICAPMA 2015

作者： Sangwaranatee, N. Kaewkhao, J. Chanthima, N. Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok10300 Thailand Science Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783038356837

In this research, the magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses doped with different concentration of Sm2O3 have been prepared using the melt quenching method at 1200 °C. Magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses are clear, homogenous and increased yellow color with increasing the concentration of Sm2O3. Physical and optical properties of glass samples were investigated. The results show that, the density and molar volumes were increased with increasing the concentration of Sm2O3. The absorption spectra in the wavelength range at 200-2500 nm was observed. It was found that the absorption bands have nine peaks with corresponding to 401, 439, 472,945, 1081, 1231, 1378, 1480 and 1533 nm. Absorption bands at 401 and 1231 nm are highest absorption spectra in visible and near infrared region, respectively. For the luminescence spectrum of glass samples has shown four emission transitions at 562 (green), 598 (orange), 664 (red) and 705 nm with excitation wavelength at 401 nm. The wavelength at 401 and 598 nm has shown highest intensity of excitation and emission wavelength, respectively. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Optical properties

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Impact of carrier localization on recombination in InGaN quantum wells and the efficiency of nitride light-emitting diodes: Insights from theory and numerical simulations

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Jones, Christina M. Teng, Chu-Hsiang Yan, Qimin Ku, Pei-Cheng Kioupakis, Emmanouil Applied Physics Program University of Michigan 450 Church St Ann ArborMI48109 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Michigan 1301 Beal Ave Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics Temple University 1925 N. 12th St PhiladelphiaPA19122 United States Materials Science and Engineering Department University of Michigan 2300 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States

We examine the effect of carrier localization due to random alloy fluctuations on the radiative and Auger recombination rates in InGaN quantum wells as a function of alloy composition, crystal orientation, carrier density, and temperature. Our results show that alloy fluctuations reduce individual transition matrix elements by the separate localization of electrons and holes, but this effect is overcompensated by the additional transitions enabled by translational symmetry breaking and the resulting lack of momentum conservation. Hence, we find that localization increases both radiative and Auger recombination rates, but that Auger recombination rates increase by one order of magnitude more than radiative rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that localization has an overall detrimental effect on the efficiency-droop and green-gap problems of InGaN LEDs. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crystal orientation

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A perspective on microscopy metadata: Data provenance and quality control

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Huisman, Maximiliaan Hammer, Mathias Rigano, Alex Boehm, Ulrike Chambers, James J. Gaudreault, Nathalie North, Alison J. Pimentel, Jaime A. Sudar, Damir Bajcsy, Peter Brown, Claire M. Corbett, Alexander D. Faklaris, Orestis Lacoste, Judith Laude, Alex Nelson, Glyn Nitschke, Roland Grunwald, David Strambio-De-Castillia, Caterina RNA Therapeutics Institute UMass Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Program in Molecular Medicine UMass Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute AshburnVA20147 United States Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Allen Institute for Cell Science SeattleWA98109 United States The Rockefeller University New YorkNY10065 United States Instituto de Biotecnologıa Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Cuernavaca Morelos62210 Mexico Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC PortlandOR97209 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States McGill University MontrealQCH3G 0B1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4QL United Kingdom Biocampus CNRS UMS 3426 Montpellier34293 France MIA Cellavie Inc. MontrealQCH1K 4G6 Canada Bioimaging Unit Newcastle University Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH United Kingdom Life Imaging Center BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg79104 Germany

The application of microscopy in biomedical research has come a long way since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered unicellular organisms (or dierkens in his original letters and subsequently translated in English as animalcules) (7, 8) through his hand-crafted microscope. Countless innovations have propelled imaging techniques and have positioned light microscopy as a cornerstone of modern biology and a method of choice for connecting 'omics' datasets to their biological and clinical correlates. Still, regardless of how convincing published imaging data looks, it does not always convey meaningful information about the conditions in which it was acquired, processed, and analyzed (9-16). Adequate record-keeping, reporting, and quality control are therefore essential to ensure experimental rigor and data fidelity, allow experiments to be reproducibly repeated, and promote the proper evaluation, interpretation, comparison, and re-use of the results. Microscopy images should be accompanied by complete descriptions detailing experimental procedures, biological samples, microscope hardware specifications, image acquisition parameters and image analysis procedures, as well as metrics accounting for instrument performance and calibration. However, despite considerable efforts (10, 17, 18), universal, community-accepted Microscopy Metadata standards and reporting specifications for the Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reproducible (FAIR;Text Box I) (19), assessment, reproducibility, sharing and comparison of microscopy data have not yet been established. To understand this failure and to propose a way forward, here we provide an overview of the nature of microscopy metadata and its importance for fostering data quality, reproducibility and scientific and sharing value (i.e., the extent to which the data serves its intended scientific purpose and can be shared with other scientists to extract further insight) in light microscopy. In order to center the discussion, in this

关键词： Quality control

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Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of BaO-Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass system: Theoretical calculation 2nd

Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of BaO-Na2O-...

引用

2nd International Conference on applied physics and Material Applications, ICAPMA 2015

作者： Sangwaranatee, N.W. Sangwaranatee, N. Sarachai, S. Tuscharoen, S. Kaewkhao, J. Informatics Mathematics Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok10300 Thailand Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Bangkok10300 Thailand Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom73000 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783038356837

In this work, the mass attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic numbers and the effective electron densities of BaO-Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass have been studied at 662 keV using WinXCom program. The result show that the mass attenuation coefficients increased with increasing of BaO concentration, reflecting that more photon is attenuated. The effective atomic numbers and the effective electron densities are similar trend with mass attenuation coefficients, reflecting that more virtual electron when higher BaO concentration and more interaction will be occurred in glass matrices. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Glass

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Nitride alloy layer formation of duplex stainless steel using nitriding process

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018年第1期290卷

作者： M A Maleque P H Lailatul A A Fathaen K Norinsan J. Haider Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Kuliyyah of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia P.O. Box 10 50728 Gombak Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. Materials Science Program School of Applied Physics Faculty Science and Technology National University of Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor. Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University U. K.

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) shows a good corrosion resistance as well as the mechanical properties. However, DSS performance decrease as it works under aggressive environment and at high temperature. At the mentioned environment, the DSS become susceptible to wear failure. Surface modification is the favourable technique to widen the application of duplex stainless steel and improve the wear resistance and its hardness properties. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to nitride alloy layer on the surface of duplex stainless steel by the nitriding process temperature of 400°C and 450°C at different time and ammonia composition using a horizontal tube furnace. The scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyzer are used to analyse the morphology, composition and the nitrided alloy layer for treated DSS. The micro hardnesss Vickers tester was used to measure hardness on cross-sectional area of nitrided DSS. After nitriding, it was observed that the hardness performance increased until 1100 Hv0.5kgf compared to substrate material of 250 Hv0.5kgf. The thickness layer of nitride alloy also increased from 5μm until 100μm due to diffusion of nitrogen on the surface of DSS. The x-ray diffraction results showed that the nitride layer consists of iron nitride, expanded austenite and chromium nitride. It can be concluded that nitride alloy layer can be produced via nitriding process using tube furnace with significant improvement of microstructural and hardness properties.

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[P216] Dosimetric study of several beta-emitting ophthalmic plaques with different plaque materials, by Monte Carlo simulation

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Physica Medica 2018年 52卷 163-163页

作者： Mojtaba Arjmand Fariba Ghassemi Payman Rafiepour Hossein Poorbaygi Akbar Beiki-Ardakani Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ocular Oncology Service Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran Iran Tehran University of Medical Sciences Retina & Vitreous Service – Ocular Oncology Service Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran Iran Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Energy Engineering and Physics Tehran Iran Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute Applied Radiation Research School Tehran Iran Radiation Medicine Program Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Department of Radiation Physics Toronto Canada

Purpose Dosimetric investigation of brachytherapy eye plaques (based on CCB, COB and CIB models) for different coated radionuclides and different plaque materials for the treatment of uveal melanoma . Methods An eye model (including cornea, lens, optic nerve and tumor) and a plaque (with 0.1 mm window, 0.2 mm radionuclide coated foil and 0.7 mm backing), were simulated in a spherical water phantom, using Geant4.10.4. Dose-depth profiles were plotted for Ru-106, Sr-90, Ho-166, Re-188 and Pr-142 plaques. The dose deposited in the tumor and behind the plaque’s backing was calculated for the silver, gold and stainless steel plaques. For validation, dosimetry of CCB, COB and CIB plaques were performed using radiochromic EBT3 film and Plaque Simulator software, and the obtained dose rates were compared with Geant4.10.4 and the manufacturer’s (BEBIG) results. Results The ratio of dose at a point behind the silver backing to the reference point (2 mm depth) was 1.56%, 0.13%, 0.28%, 0.39% and 0.18% for Ru-106, Sr-90, Ho-166, Re-188 and Pr-142 CCB model plaques, respectively. The dose rate at the reference point was 66.4%, 50.7%, 34.8%, 41.87% and 47.1% of the dose rate at a depth of 0.5 mm for the mentioned plaques, respectively. With the same activity, Ho-166 plaque delivered the highest dose to the scleral, while Ru-106 plaque delivered the lowest. The dose per decay at the tumor apex (5 mm depth) was 3.59e−11 Gy, 5.27e−12 Gy, 7.96e−13 Gy, 2.24e−12 Gy and 3.36e-12 Gy for the mentioned plaques, respectively. The deposited dose in the tumor decreased by 50% for gold Ru-106 plaques and increased by 20% for stainless steel ones. Conclusions From the perspective of dose distribution, Ru-106 plaques can be replaced by Sr-90 or Pr-142 plaques for the tumor apex up to 3 mm. The dose fall-off for Ho-166 and Re-188 plaques are more severe, which limits their use only for superficial lesions. Gold plaques show more attenuation and can be made thinner. They may be used in COB and CIB

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Hyperuniformity and its generalizations

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Physical Review E 2016年第2期94卷 022122-022122页

作者： Salvatore Torquato Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Program of Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Disordered many-particle hyperuniform systems are exotic amorphous states of matter that lie between crystal and liquid: They are like perfect crystals in the way they suppress large-scale density fluctuations and yet are like liquids or glasses in that they are statistically isotropic with no Bragg peaks. These exotic states of matter play a vital role in a number of problems across the physical, mathematical as well as biological sciences and, because they are endowed with novel physical properties, have technological importance. Given the fundamental as well as practical importance of disordered hyperuniform systems elucidated thus far, it is natural to explore the generalizations of the hyperuniformity notion and its consequences. In this paper, we substantially broaden the hyperuniformity concept along four different directions. This includes generalizations to treat fluctuations in the interfacial area (one of the Minkowski functionals) in heterogeneous media and surface-area driven evolving microstructures, random scalar fields, divergence-free random vector fields, and statistically anisotropic many-particle systems and two-phase media. In all cases, the relevant mathematical underpinnings are formulated and illustrative calculations are provided. Interfacial-area fluctuations play a major role in characterizing the microstructure of two-phase systems (e.g., fluid-saturated porous media), physical properties that intimately depend on the geometry of the interface, and evolving two-phase microstructures that depend on interfacial energies (e.g., spinodal decomposition). In the instances of random vector fields and statistically anisotropic structures, we show that the standard definition of hyperuniformity must be generalized such that it accounts for the dependence of the relevant spectral functions on the direction in which the origin in Fourier space is approached (nonanalyticities at the origin). Using this analysis, we place some well-known energy spectr

关键词： Amorphous materials Glasses

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