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Oceans MTS/IEEE Washington (Conference)

作者： Clifford Pontbriand Norm Farr Johanna Hansen James C. Kinsey Leo-Paul Pelletier Jonathan Ware Dehann Fourie Advanced Ocean Physics and Engineering Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering CSAIL

ISBN: (纸本)9781467393744

The optical communications group at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has demonstrated wireless optical transmission of data from a seafloor node to the Sentry AUV. This effort is based on the latest version of the optical modem under continual development at WHOI, and it builds on fieldwork conducted in 2012 and 2013 during which we successfully transferred data from seafloor-deployed optical modem systems using a wire-lowered optical modem from a ship. While our previous work used a high-bandwidth optical modem for the data uplink and an acoustic modem "backlink" to control the file transfer, the optical modem described in this paper supports fully bidirectional optical communication - essentially subsea WiFi. A subordinate objective of our work was to literally map the operational space for an AUV-bottom node optical link. Armed with this spatial map, we can plan for future "connected" AUV operations in support of data mule, inspection, manipulation, and other underwater semi-autonomous tasks.

关键词： Underwater optical communications Freespace Optical modem Underwater wireless communications A UV Data mule

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Dependence of plasmonic enhancement of photocurrent in a-Si: H on the position and thickness of SiNx spacer layers

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Physica Status Solidi (C) Current Topics in Solid State physics 2015年第9-11期12卷 1220-1223页

作者： Saleh, Zaki M. Nasser, Hisham Özkol, Engin Bek, Alpan Turan, Raşit METU Ankara Turkey Department of Physics Arab American University-Jenin Jenin Palestine Department of Physics Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey Micro and Nanotechnology Program of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences METU Ankara Turkey

Plasmonic interfaces integrated to the front, back and both surfaces of photovoltaic thin films show different degrees of enhancement of light trapping. Enhancements in the spectral dependence of photocurrent normalized to the power of excitation light are used as an indicator of enhanced light trapping. In a previous study, we obtained enhancement in the spectral range of 600-700 nm by integrating 100-nm Ag nanoparticles to the back surface of a-Si:H with a critical dependence on the SiNx spacer layer thickness. In this study, we compare the enhancement in photocurrent due to plasmonic interfaces integrated to the front, back and both front and back surfaces of the a-Si:H absorber. Interfaces integrated to the back result in the largest enhancement in photocurrent while those integrated to the front give the lowest. The marginal enhancements due to two interfaces appear to be mainly due to the back interface. While plasmonics effects may not account for the total enhancement in photocurrent, it explains the relative enhancement in the spectral range of 550-700 rather well. For all configurations, the enhancement in the spectral dependence of photocurrent is accompanied by broadening into the red of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

关键词： Plasmonics

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Experimental reconstruction of time-bin-entangled qutrit states using polarization projective measurements

Experimental reconstruction of time-bin-entangled qutrit sta...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Samantha J. Nowierski Neal N. Oza Prem Kumar Gregory S. Kanter Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Evanston IL USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

We generate and reconstruct two-photon, 100-ps-separated time-bin-entangled qutrit states. By pairwise mapping time bins onto orthogonal polarizations, we perform a tomography and demonstrate high fidelity to maximall... 详细信息

关键词： Photonics Quantum entanglement Optical switches Optical polarization Optical pumping Optical pulses

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Enhanced nonlinear susceptibility via double-double electromagnetically induced transparency

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Physical Review A 2016年第5期94卷 053832-053832页

作者： Hessa M. M. Alotaibi Barry C. Sanders Public Authority for Applied Education and Training P.O. Box 23167 Safat 13092 Kuwait Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China CAS Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201305 2015 China Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8

We investigate the nonlinear optical susceptibility of an alkali-metal atom with tripod electronic configuration responsible for generating cross-phase modulation and self-phase modulation under the condition of double-double electromagnetically induced transparency. Our investigation demonstrates an enhancement in the nonlinear optical susceptibility of an alkali-metal atom by a factor of 1000 in the region of the second transparency window. This enhancement is in comparison with the atom's susceptibility in the first transparency window for the same parameters under the same conditions. Nonlinear-absorption enhancement arises by canceling Raman-gain generation, which arises when the probe and signal fields have equal intensities. At the center of the second transparency window, we obtain the condition required to attain a nonvanishing nonlinear optical susceptibility. In the bare-state picture, the coupling field must be off resonant from a bare-to-bare-state transition, while working in the semiclassical dressed picture required the signal field to be tuned off resonantly with a bare-to-dressed-state transition. The relation that governs the values of coupling- and signal-field detuning are also obtained. Our scheme exhibits the fact that the second transparency window has advantages over the first transparency window with respect to obtaining an enhanced Kerr effect, and our calculation includes simulation of both low-temperature and Doppler-broadened regimes.

关键词： Electromagnetically induced transparency Nonlinear optics

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Nanobiomedicine: Protein Coating of DNA Nanostructures for Enhanced Stability and Immunocompatibility (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2017)

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Advanced Healthcare Materials 2017年第18期6卷

作者： Henni Auvinen Hongbo Zhang Nonappa Alisa Kopilow Elina H. Niemelä Sami Nummelin Alexandra Correia Hélder A. Santos Veikko Linko Mauri A. Kostiainen Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University FI‐00076 Aalto Finland Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Åbo Akademi University FI‐20520 Turku Finland Molecular Materials Department of Applied Physics Aalto University FI‐00076 Aalto Finland Research Programs Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki P.O. Box 63 FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Inside Cover: Dithienyl Acenedithiophenediones as New π-Extended Quinoidal Cores: Synthesis and Properties (Chem. Eur. J. 19/2017)

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Chemistry – A European Journal 2017年第19期23卷 4465-4465页

作者： Dr. Kohsuke Kawabata Prof. Dr. Itaru Osaka Masanori Sawamoto Dr. José L. Zafra Dr. Paula Mayorga Burrezo Prof. Dr. Juan Casado Dr. Kazuo Takimiya Emergent Molecular Function Research Group RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Current address: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA Current address: Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan Program in Physics and Functional Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama 338-8570 Japan Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n Málaga Spain

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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Diagnosing hyperuniformity in two-dimensional, disordered, jammed packings of soft spheres

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Physical Review E 2015年第1期91卷 012302-012302页

作者： Remi Dreyfus Ye Xu Tim Still L. A. Hough A. G. Yodh Salvatore Torquato Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter CNRS-Rhodia-UPenn UMI 3254 Bristol Pennsylvania 19007-3624 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6396 USA Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Hyperuniformity characterizes a state of matter for which (scaled) density fluctuations diminish towards zero at the largest length scales. However, the task of determining whether or not an image of an experimental system is hyperuniform is experimentally challenging due to finite-resolution, noise, and sample-size effects that influence characterization measurements. Here we explore these issues, employing video optical microscopy to study hyperuniformity phenomena in disordered two-dimensional jammed packings of soft spheres. Using a combination of experiment and simulation we characterize the possible adverse effects of particle polydispersity, image noise, and finite-size effects on the assignment of hyperuniformity, and we develop a methodology that permits improved diagnosis of hyperuniformity from real-space measurements. The key to this improvement is a simple packing reconstruction algorithm that incorporates particle polydispersity to minimize the free volume. In addition, simulations show that hyperuniformity in finite-sized samples can be ascertained more accurately in direct space than in reciprocal space. Finally, our experimental colloidal packings of soft polymeric spheres are shown to be effectively hyperuniform.

关键词： COLLOIDS FOURIER transforms SPECTRAL energy distribution MICROGELS MICROSCOPY

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Exoplanet biosignatures: A review of remotely detectable signs of life

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Schwieterman, Edward W. Kiang, Nancy Y. Parenteau, Mary N. Harman, Chester E. DasSarma, Shiladitya Fisher, Theresa M. Arney, Giada N. Hartnett, Hilairy E. Reinhard, Christopher T. Olson, Stephanie L. Meadows, Victoria S. Cockell, Charles S. Walker, Sara I. Grenfell, John Lee Hegde, Siddharth Rugheimer, Sarah Hu, Renyu Lyons, Timothy W. Department of Earth Sciences University of California RiversideCA United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Universities Space Research Association ColumbiaMD United States NASA Astrobiology Institute Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team SeattleWA United States NASA Astrobiology Institute Alternative Earths Team RiversideCA United States Blue Marble Space Institute of Science SeattleWA United States NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNY United States NASA Ames Research Center Exobiology Branch Mountain ViewCA United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD United States Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology University System of Maryland BaltimoreMD United States School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Planetary Systems Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University TempeAZ United States School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Astronomy Department University of Washington SeattleWA United States University of Edinburgh School of Physics and Astronomy Edinburgh United Kingdom UK Centre for Astrobiology Edinburgh United Kingdom Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science Arizona State University TempeAZ United States ASU-Santa Fe Institute Center for Biosocial Complex Systems Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Berlin Germany Carl Sagan Institute Cornell University IthacaNY United States Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of St. Andrews St. Andrews United Kingdom Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United St

In the coming years and decades, advanced space- and ground-based observatories will allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially habitable exoplanets for signatures of life. Life on Earth, through its gaseous products and reflectance and scattering properties, has left its fingerprint on the spectrum of our planet. Aided by the universality of the laws of physics and chemistry, we turn to Earth’s biosphere, both in the present and through geologic time, for analog signatures that will aid in the search for life elsewhere. Considering the insights gained from modern and ancient Earth, and the broader array of hypothetical exoplanet possibilities, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of potential exoplanet biosignatures, including gaseous, surface, and temporal biosignatures. We additionally survey biogenic spectral features that are well known in the specialist literature but have not yet been robustly vetted in the context of exoplanet biosignatures. We briefly review advances in assessing biosignature plausibility, including novel methods for determining chemical disequilibrium from remotely obtainable data and assessment tools for determining the minimum biomass required to maintain short-lived biogenic gases as atmospheric signatures. We focus particularly on advances made since the seminal review by Des Marais et al. The purpose of this work is not to propose new biosignature strategies, a goal left to companion articles in this series, but to review the current literature, draw meaningful connections between seemingly disparate areas, and clear the way for a path forward. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extrasolar planets

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