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Methanol as a Suitable Solvent for Polyaniline Emeraldine Base (PANI‐EB)

AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1250卷 357-360页

作者： Siti Amira Othman Shahidan Radiman Khoo Kok Siong School of Applied Physics Nuclear Sciences Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor

Conducting polyaniline is unique among conducting polymers on account of its excellent optical and electronic properties. The processing of conducting polymers has attracted considerable attention owing to their possible application in molecule‐based electronic devices, such as molecular rectifiers, field‐ effect transistors, molecular transducers and sensors. Methods that were applied in this study are addition method (powder), liquid homogeneous method and filtration method. The effects of bonding between methanol and Polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI‐EB) has been investigated. UV‐visible spectrum shows two sharp absorption peaks at 350nm (π‐ π*) and ∼720nm (polaron bands). FTIR spectra proved there is a distinct increase in wave number when PANI‐EB dissolved in methanol which caused by the H‐bonding interaction between PANI‐EB chains and methanol. Thus this make the PANI‐EB molecules change in size that supported by a DLS result. As a conclusion, it indicates that there is interaction between methanol molecules and polyaniline chains.

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Phonon-assisted absorption enhancement in amorphous Si solar photovoltaic

Phonon-assisted absorption enhancement in amorphous Si solar...

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2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： Jedo Kim Massoud Kaviany Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

In electronics and photonics phonons hinder transport or present inefficiency, but here we scrutinized them to improve the photovoltaic solar-cell performance. Phonons account for a significant portion of the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient of a-Si:H (hydrogenated amorphous silicon), e.g., at 300 K, between 1.5 to 2.2 eV. We propose and theoretical treat introduction of suitable a-Si x Sn 1-x alloy, choosing Sn for desired phonons to assist in the absorption of photons and increase the overall efficiency of the cell. Phonons are essentially thermally induced vibrations within the semiconductor lattice. The spectra of these vibrations are characterized by (a) structure and (b) force constant between atoms (inter-atomic potential). Here we show that Sn alloy can be used to enhance phonon-assisted absorption which in turn may increase the current generation.

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High Throughput Sequencing of the Human Immune Repertoire in Response to Influenza Vaccination

High Throughput Sequencing of the Human Immune Repertoire in...

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2011·国际基因组学大会

作者： Ning Jiang Mark M.Davis Daniel S.Fisher Stephen R.Quake Jiankui He Joshua A.Weinstein Lolita Penland Sanae Sasaki Xiaosong He Cornelia L.Dekker Patrick C.Wilson Harry B.Greenberg Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCalifornia USA Department of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA Department of Immunology and Microbiology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford California USA Biophysics Graduate Program Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Immunology and Microbiology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto California USA VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto California USA Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto California USA Biophysics Graduate Program Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA Department of Immunology and Microbiology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford California USA

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High Throughput Sequencing of the Human Immune Repertoire in Response to Influenza Vaccination

High Throughput Sequencing of the Human Immune Repertoire in...

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2011国际基因组学大会

作者： Joshua A.Weinstein Lolita Penland Sanae Sasaki Cornelia L.Dekker Patrick C.Wilson Harry B.Greenberg Mark M.Davis Daniel S.Fisher Stephen R.Quake Biophysics Graduate Program Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA. Department of Immunology and Microbiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA. Department of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA

＜正＞Despite the many advances in personal genome analysis,the immunoglobulin repertoire is an area of the genome which is central to human health yet in practice is extraordinarily challenging to measure and *** are several reasons for this, including the fact that each B cell contains a distinct antibody sequence encoded in its genome,the fact that the antibody repertoire is not constant but changes over time, and the high similarity between antibody *** have addressed this

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Novel clinical technology for rapid detection of tissue fluorescence wavelength-time matrices

Novel clinical technology for rapid detection of tissue fluo...

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Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging, DH 2010

作者： Lloyd, William Chang, Ching-Wei Wilson, Robert Gillispie, Gregory Mycek, Mary-Ann Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-0362 United States Fluorescence Innovations Bozeman MT 59718 United States

Clinically-compatible technology was developed to measure wavelength-and timeresolved fluorescence intensities from biological tissues. Validation studies were conducted on tissue-simulating phantoms and the results w... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528872

关键词： Tissue

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EarthSpace educational system and the scientific but people-oriented education

EarthSpace educational system and the scientific but people-...

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2010 Third International Conference on Education Technology and Training (ETT 2010)

作者： Ayodele A.Faiyetole Yuki Takahashi Serena Eley Serina Diniega EarthSpace Innovations to Society Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbanna Champaign Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona Tucson

Two significant indices that measure a country's development are related to science and education. To address the people’s peculiar needs as developing nations, which include the aspiration to develop and the desire to compete in a competitive global village, a scientific education that addresses the specific needs of the people has to be in place. Every nation must create and maintain a scientifically educated culture to become developed or sustain its development. In the light of developing economies, they need to establish a program that addresses literacy efficiency in the technical labor force and world aware citizenry. This paper examines how the scientific but people-oriented education, EarthSpace educational system, and EarthSpace, climate change and the renewable energy education initiative may impact sustainable development in the states of its deployment.

关键词： Science,technology,engineering and mathematics Scientific but people-oriented education EarthSpace educational system EarthSpace research laboratory the Young EarthSpace scientists

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10.5: Development of THz gyrotrons with pulse solenoids for detecting concealed radioactive materials

10.5: Development of THz gyrotrons with pulse solenoids for ...

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2010 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2010

作者： Nusinovich, Gregory S. Granatstein, Victor L. Antonsen Jr., Thomas M. Pu, Ruifeng Sinitsyn, Oleksandr V. Rodgers, John Mohamed, Ali B. Silverman, Joseph Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad Dimant, Yakov S. Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742-3511 United States Graduate Program in Nuclear Engineering A. James Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742-3511 United States Center for Space Physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424470976

This paper describes the first steps in the development of high-power THz-range gyrotrons with pulsed solenoids for remote detection of concealed radioactive materials. We first discuss the detection concept based on focusing high-power THz wave beams in small spots where the wave electric field amplitude exceeds the threshold required for initiating the breakdown. The specific feature of this concept in the case of using the THz radiation is a small volume in which the electromagnetic energy is localized. As a rule, in the absence of gamma rays causing additional ionization there should be initially no free electrons in this volume to initiate the discharge. Thus, the fact that the breakdown takes place in this volume immediately after the THz source is turned on will indicate that there is an additional source of ionization (such as radioactive materials). In the paper, we report first results on the study of air ionization by concealed radioactive materials and the first results of the design of a 670 GHz gyrotron. First estimates show that the gyrotron efficiency can be in the range of 20-25% and the gyrotron power can exceed 100 kW. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Gyrotrons

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Toward smart decision support system for Mortgage Market

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Systems Science 2010年第1期36卷 35-40页

作者： OrLowski, Aleksander Szczerbicki, Edward Gdańsk University of Technology Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics PhD Program Poland Gdańsk University of Technology Faculty of Management and Economics Poland

This paper presents the structure of initial fuzzy model representing the Polish Internet Mortgage Market. It starts with an introduction describing the market complexities and challenges, and description of previously created rule based model. Then the steps of the process of proposed model fuzzification are presented. Next, there is presented Graphic User Interface developed for the model created. The final part of the paper consists of conclusions and directions for future research.

关键词： Decision support systems

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A quantitative assessment of nanoparticle-ligand distributions: Implications for targeted drug and imaging delivery in dendrimer conjugates

A quantitative assessment of nanoparticle-ligand distributio...

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作者： Mullen, Douglas G. Fang, Ming Desai, Ankur Baker Jr., James R. Orr, Bradford G. Banaszak Holl, Mark M. Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Program in Applied Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

Functional nanoparticles often contain ligands including targeting molecules, fluorophores, and/or active moieties such as drugs. Characterizing the number of these ligands bound to each particle and the distribution of nanoparticle-ligand species is important for understanding the nanomaterial's function. In this study, the amide coupling methods commonly used to conjugate ligands to poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were examined. A skewed Poisson distribution was observed and quantified using HPLC for two sets of dendrimer-ligand samples prepared using the amine-terminated form of the PAMAM dendrimer and a partially acetylated form of the PAMAM dendrimer that has been used for targeted in vivo drug delivery. The prepared samples had an average number of ligands per dendrimer ranging from 0.4 to 13. Distributions identified by HPLC are in excellent agreement with the mean ligand/dendrimer ratio, measured by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and potentiometric titration. These results provide insight into the heterogeneity of distributions that are obtained for many classes of nanomaterials to which ligands are conjugated and belie the use of simple cartoon models that present the "average" number of ligands bound as a physically meaningful representation for the material. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Ligands

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Geometrical ambiguity of pair statistics. II. Heterogeneous media

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Physical Review E 2010年第1期82卷 011106-011106页

作者： Yang Jiao Frank H. Stillinger Salvatore Torquato Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics and Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

In the first part of this series of two papers [Y. Jiao, F. H. Stillinger, and S. Torquato, Phys. Rev. E 81, 011105 (2010)], we considered the geometrical ambiguity of pair statistics associated with point configurations. Here we focus on the analogous problem for heterogeneous media (materials). Heterogeneous media are ubiquitous in a host of contexts, including composites and granular media, biological tissues, ecological patterns, and astrophysical structures. The complex structures of heterogeneous media are usually characterized via statistical descriptors, such as the n-point correlation function Sn. An intricate inverse problem of practical importance is to what extent a medium can be reconstructed from the two-point correlation function S2 of a target medium. Recently, general claims of the uniqueness of reconstructions using S2 have been made based on numerical studies, which implies that S2 suffices to uniquely determine the structure of a medium within certain numerical accuracy. In this paper, we provide a systematic approach to characterize the geometrical ambiguity of S2 for both continuous two-phase heterogeneous media and their digitized representations in a mathematically precise way. In particular, we derive the exact conditions for the case where two distinct media possess identical S2, i.e., they form a degenerate pair. The degeneracy conditions are given in terms of integral and algebraic equations for continuous media and their digitized representations, respectively. By examining these equations and constructing their rigorous solutions for specific examples, we conclusively show that in general S2 is indeed not sufficient information to uniquely determine the structure of the medium, which is consistent with the results of our recent study on heterogeneous-media reconstruction [Y. Jiao, F. H. Stillinger, and S. Torquato, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 17634 (2009)]. The analytical examples include complex patterns composed of building blo

关键词： Inverse problems

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