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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ackermann, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Cameron, R.A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P.A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Ciprini, S. Costanza, F. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S.W. Di Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Drell, P.S. Favuzzi, C. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Grenier, I.A. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Jogler, T. Jóhannesson, G. Kashapova, L. Krucker, S. Kuss, M. la Mura, G. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Liu, W. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Magill, J.D. Maldera, S. Manfreda, A. Mazziotta, M.N. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M.E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I.V. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Pal'shin, V. Paneque, D. Perkins, J.S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, O. Rubio da Costa, F. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E.J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Tajima, H. Thayer, J.B. Torres, D.F. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY ZeuthenD-15738 Germany W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Università di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" Università di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari BariI-70126 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université Montpellier CNRS IN2P3 MontpellierF-34095 France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS IN2P3 PalaiseauF-91128 France Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70126 Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano via E. Bassini 15 MilanoI-20133 Italy Science Data Center RomaI-00133 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia BolognaI-40129 Italy Dipartimento di Astronomia Università di Bologna BolognaI-40127 Italy Università Telematica Pegaso Piazza Trieste e Trento 48 NapoliI-80132 Italy Università di Udine UdineI-33100 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Laboratoire AIM CEA IRFU CNRS Université Paris Diderot Servic

We report on the Fermi-LAT detection of high-energy emission from the behind-the-limb solar flares that occurred on 2013 October 11, 2014 January 6 and 2014 September 1. The Fermi-LAT observations are associated with flares from active regions originating behind both the eastern and western limbs, as determined by STEREO. All three flares are associated with very fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and strong Solar Energetic Particle events. We present updated localizations of the > 100 MeV photon emission, hard X-ray (HXR) and EUV images and broad-band spectra from 10 keV to 10 GeV as well as microwave spectra. We also provide a comparison of the behind-the-limb flares detected by the Fermi-LAT with three on-disk flares and present a study of some of the significant quantities of these flares as an attempt to better understand the acceleration mechanisms at work during these occulted flares. We interpret the HXR emission to be due to electron bremsstrahlung from a coronal thin-target loop-top with the accelerated electron spectra steepening at semirelativistic energies. The > 100 MeV gamma-rays are best described by a pion decay model resulting from interaction of protons (and other ions) in a thick target photospheric source. The protons are believed to have been accelerated (to energies > 10 GeV) in the CME environment and precipitate down to the photosphere from the down-stream side of the CME shock and landed on the front side of the Sun, away from the original flare site and the HXR emission. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes used by the EHT Collaboration

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Prather, Ben S. Dexter, Jason Moscibrodzka, Monika Pu, Hung-Yi Bronzwaer, Thomas Davelaar, Jordy Younsi, Ziri Gammie, Charles F. Gold, Roman Wong, And George N. Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dhruv, Vedant Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Alyson Ford, H. Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant K CCS-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los AlamosNM87545 United States JILA Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University No. 88 Sec.4 Tingzhou Rd. Taipei116 Taiwan Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University No. 88 Sec. 4 Tingzhou Road Taipei116 Taiwan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Astronomy Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 550 W 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking SurreyRH5 6NT United Kingdom Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States NCSA University of Illinois 1205 W Clark St UrbanaIL61801 United States CP3-Origins University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Harvard University 20 Gar

Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U, and V respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Mean square error

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Effects of sound on the behavior of toothed whales

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2008年第5_SUPPLEMENT期123卷 2984-2984页

作者： Peter Tyack Ian Boyd Diane Claridge Christopher W. Clark David Moretti Brandon Southall Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Dept. Woods Hole MA 02543 USA ptyack@whoi.edu Sea Mammal Research Unit Gatty Marine Laboratory University of St Andrews KY16 8LB St Andrews UK ilb@st‐andrews.ac.uk Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation P.O. Box AB‐20714 Abaco 0 Marsh Harbour Bahamas bmms@*** Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology Bioacoustics Research Program 159 Sapsucker Woods Road Ithaca NY 14850 USA cwc2@cornell.edu NAVSEA Newport Undersea Warfare Center Newport RI RI 02841 USA MorettiDJ@npt.nuwc.navy.mil National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East West Hwy SSMC III #12539 Silver Spring MD 20910‐6233 USA Brandon.Southall@noaa.gov

We report initial results from a study on behavioral responses of beaked and other whales to sonar and other sounds. This research is designed to provide new science‐based approaches for mitigating the risk of sonar to beaked and other whales. The study was conducted at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) range near Andros Island in the Bahamas, where Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) can regularly be detected using passive acoustic monitoring of their echolocation clicks. Tags recorded sound at the whale and behavior of the whale. Data were collected from 10 tag deployments, 6 on Blainville's beaked whales and 4 on pilot whales. 109 hours of data were collected from tags, 74 hours from beaked whales and 34 hours from pilot whales. Playbacks of mid‐frequency sonar and killer whale calls were performed on 3 of the tagged whales, 1 beaked whale and 2 pilot whales. The tagged beaked whale responded to both sonar and killer whale sounds by premature cessation of clicking during foraging dives (RL = ∼117 dB re 1 μPa for the killer whale sound, ∼145 dB for the sonar), and an unusually slow and long ascent.

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Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO-Virgo Observing Run O3a

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Astrophysical Journal 2023年第2期955卷 155-155页

作者： Abbott, R. Abbott, T.D. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adams, C. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adya, V.B. Affeldt, C. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Agatsuma, K. Aggarwal, N. Aguiar, O.D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Allocca, A. Altin, P.A. Amato, A. Anand, C. Anand, S. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrić, T. Angelova, S.V. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Appert, S. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Arène, M. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, N. Aronson, S.M. Arun, K.G. Asada, H. Asali, Y. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Aubin, F. Austin, C. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Bader, M.K.M. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baer, A.M. Bagnasco, S. Bai, Y. Baiotti, L. Baird, J. Bajpai, R. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Balsamo, A. Baltus, G. Banagiri, S. Bankar, D. Barayoga, J.C. Barbieri, C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartlett, J. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bawaj, M. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Bazzan, M. Bécsy, B. Bedakihale, V.M. Bejger, M. Belahcene, I. Benedetto, V. Beniwal, D. Bennett, T.F. Bentley, J.D. BenYaala, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Berry, C.P.L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Bini, S. Birney, R. Birnholtz, O. Biscans, S. Bischi, M. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Biswas, B. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boer, M. Bogaert, G. Boldrini, M. Bonavena, L.D. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Boom, B.A. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, N. Bose, S. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, V. Bouffanais, Y. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, A. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P.R. Bramley, A. Branch, A. Branchesi, M. Brau, J.E. Breschi, M. Briant, T. Briggs, J.H. Brillet, A. Brinkmann, M. Brockill, P. Brooks, A.F. Brooks, J. Brown, D.D. Brunett, S. Bruno, G. Bruntz, R. Bryant, J. Buchanan, J. B LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston 70754 LA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States OzGrav Australian National University Canberra 0200 ACT Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Hannover D-30167 Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover D-30167 Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Paulo São José dos Campos 12227-010 Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa I-56127 Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière Villeurbanne F-69622

We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10⁵¹-10⁵⁷ erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70-3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

关键词： Gravitational wave astronomy Radio transient sources

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ERRATUM: 'MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLARING GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR 3C 66A IN 2008 OCTOBER' (2011, ApJ, 726, 43)

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The Astrophysical Journal 2011年第1期731卷

作者： A. A. Abdo M. Ackermann M. Ajello L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini B. Berenji R. D. Blandford E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland A. Bouvier J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo S. Carrigan J. M. Casandjian E. Cavazzuti C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik E. Charles A. Chekhtman C. C. Cheung J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad L. Costamante S. Cutini D. S. Davis C.D. Dermer F. de Palma S. W. Digel E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell R. Dubois D. Dumora C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan P. Fortin M. Frailis L. Fuhrmann Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Gehrels S. Germani N. Giglietto P. Giommi F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey I. A. Grenier J. E. Grove L. Guillemot S. Guiriec D. Hadasch M. Hayashida E. Hays D. Horan R. E. Hughes R. Itoh G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson T. J. Johnson W.N. Johnson T. Kamae H. Katagiri J. Kataoka J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico S.-H. Lee F. Longo F. Loparco B. Lott M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano A. Makeev M. N. Mazziotta J.E. McEnery J. Mehault P. F. Michelson T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia T. Nakamori M. Naumann-Godo I. Nestoras P. L. Nolan J.P. Norris E. Nuss T. Ohsugi A. Okumura N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes M. Ozaki D. Paneque J.H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron T. A. Porter S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer L. C. Reyes J. Ripken S. Ritz R. W. Romani M. Roth H. F.-W. Sadrozinski D. Sanchez A. Sander J. D. Scargle C. Sgrò M. S. Shaw P. D. Smith G. Spandre P. Spinelli M. S. Strickman D.J. Suson H. Takahashi T. Tanaka J. B. Thayer J. G. Thayer D. J. Thompson L. Tibaldo D. F. Torres G. Tosti A. Tramacere T. L. Usher J. Vandenbroucke V. Vasileiou N. Vilchez V. Vitale A. P. Waite P. Wang B. L. Winer K. S. Wood Z. Yang T. Ylinen M. Ziegler ((The Fermi-LAT Collaboration)) V. A. Acciari E. Aliu T. Arlen T. Aune M. Beilicke W. Benbow M. Böttcher D. Boltuch S.M. Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA National Research Council Research Associate National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 20001 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d'Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica 'G. Galilei ' Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica 'M. Merlin' dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center I-00044 Frascati (Roma) Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules Université Montpellier 2 CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier

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Metadata for the Flux Density Calibration of the April 2018 Event Horizon Telescope Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Koay, J.Y. Romero-Cañizales, C. Matthews, L.D. Janssen, M. Blackburn, L. Tilanus, R.P.J. Park, J. Asada, K. Matsushita, S. Baczko, A.-K. Bella, N. La Chan, C.-K. Crew, G.B. Fish, V. Patel, N. Ramakrishnan, V. Rottmann, H. Wagner, J. Wiik, K. Friberg, P. Goddi, C. Issaoun, S. Keating, G. Kim, J. Krichbaum, T.P. Marrone, D. Narayanan, G. Roy, A. Ruíz, I. Sánchez, S. Torne, P. Weintroub, J. Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St. CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Astronomy and Space Science Kyung Hee University 1732 Deogyeong-daero Giheung-gu Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland Tuorla Observatory Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Finland East Asian Observatory 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 CA Selargius09047 Italy California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique Avenida Divina Pastora 7 Local 20 GranadaE-18012 Spain

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations carried out in 2018 April at 1.3 mm wavelengths included 9 stations in the array, comprising 7 single-dish telescopes and 2 phased arrays. The metadata package for the 2018 EHT observing campaign contains calibration tables required for the a-priori amplitude calibration of the 2018 April visibility data. This memo is the official documentation accompanying the release of the 2018 EHT metadata package, providing an overview of the contents of the package. We describe how telescope sensitivities, gain curves and other relevant parameters for each station in the EHT array were collected, processed, and validated to produce the calibration tables. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telescopes

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A roadmap for the atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets with JWST

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： de Wit, Julien Doyon, René Rackham, Benjamin V. Lim, Olivia Ducrot, Elsa Kreidberg, Laura Benneke, Björn Ribas, Ignasi Berardo, David Niraula, Prajwal Iyer, Aishwarya Shapiro, Alexander Kostogryz, Nadiia Witzke, Veronika Gillon, Michaël Agol, Eric Meadows, Victoria Burgasser, Adam J. Owen, James E. Fortney, Jonathan J. Selsis, Franck Bello-Arufe, Aaron de Beurs, Zoë Bolmont, Emeline Cowan, Nicolas Dong, Chuanfei Drake, Jeremy J. Garcia, Lionel Greene, Thomas Haworth, Thomas Hu, Renyu Kane, Stephen R. Kervella, Pierre Koll, Daniel Krissansen-Totton, Joshua Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lichtenberg, Tim Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob Lingam, Manasvi Turbet, Martin Seager, Sara Barkaoui, Khalid Bell, Taylor J. Burdanov, Artem Cadieux, Charles Charnay, Benjamin Cloutier, Ryan Cook, Neil J. Correia, Alexandre C.M. Dang, Lisa Daylan, Tansu Delrez, Laetitia Edwards, Billy Fauchez, Thomas J. Flagg, Laura Fraschetti, Federico Haqq-Misra, Jacob Huang, Ziyu Iro, Nicolas Jayawardhana, Ray Jehin, Emmanuel Jin, Meng Kite, Edwin Kitzmann, Daniel Kral, Quentin Lafrenière, David Libert, Anne-Sophie Liu, Beibei Mohanty, Subhanjoy Morris, Brett M. Murray, Catriona A. Piaulet, Caroline Pozuelos, Francisco J. Radica, Michael Ranjan, Sukrit Rathcke, Alexander Roy, Pierre-Alexis Schwieterman, Edward W. Turner, Jake D. Triaud, Amaury Way, Michael J. Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Université de Montréal MontrealQC Canada Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets Université de Montréal MontrealQC Canada Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Paris Region Fellow Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action France AIM CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Université de Paris Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Campus UAB c/ Can Magrans s/n Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain c/ Gran Capità 2–4 Barcelona08034 Spain School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University 525 E. University Dr. TempeAZ85281 United States Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany Astrobiology Research Unit Université de Liège 19C Allée du 6 Août Liège4000 Belgium Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States NASA Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences UC San Diego UCSD Mail Code 0424 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093-0424 United States Astrophysics Group Imperial College London Blackett Laboratory Prince Consort Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux Univ. Bordeaux CNRS B18N allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Pessac33615 France Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Observatoire astronomique de l’université de Genève Chemin Pegasi 51 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Centre Vie dans l’Univers Faculté des scien

Ultra-cool dwarf stars are abundant, long-lived, and uniquely suited to enable the atmospheric study of transiting terrestrial companions with JWST. Amongst them, the most prominent is the M8.5V star TRAPPIST-1 and its seven planets. While JWST Cycle 1 observations have started to yield preliminary insights into the planets, they have also revealed that their atmospheric exploration requires a better understanding of their host star. Here, we propose a roadmap to characterize the TRAPPIST-1 system—and others like it—in an efficient and robust manner with JWST. We notably recommend that—although more challenging to schedule—multi-transit windows be prioritized to mitigate the effects of stellar activity and gather up to twice more transits per JWST hour spent. We conclude that, for such systems, planets cannot be studied in isolation by small programs, but rather need large-scale, jointly space- and ground-based initiatives to fully exploit the capabilities of JWST for the exploration of terrestrial planets. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

引用

ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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Precessing jet nozzle connecting to a spinning black hole in M87

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Cui, Yuzhu Hada, Kazuhiro Kawashima, Tomohisa Kino, Motoki Lin, Weikang Mizuno, Yosuke Ro, Hyunwook Honma, Mareki Yi, Kunwoo Yu, Jintao Park, Jongho Jiang, Wu Shen, Zhiqiang Kravchenko, Evgeniya Algaba, Juan-Carlos Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Giovannini, Gabriele Giroletti, Marcello Jung, Taehyun Lu, Ru-Sen Niinuma, Kotaro Oh, Junghwan Ohsuga, Ken Sawada-Satoh, Satoko Sohn, Bong Won Takahashi, Hiroyuki R. Takamura, Mieko Tazaki, Fumie Trippe, Sascha Wajima, Kiyoaki Akiyama, Kazunori An, Tao Asada, Keiichi Buttaccio, Salvatore Byun, Do-Young Cui, Lang Hagiwara, Yoshiaki Hirota, Tomoya Hodgson, Jeffrey Kawaguchi, Noriyuki Kim, Jae-Young Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Jee Won Lee, Jeong Ae Maccaferri, Giuseppe Melis, Andrea Melnikov, Alexey Migoni, Carlo Oh, Se-Jin Sugiyama, Koichiro Wang, Xuezheng Zhang, Yingkang Chen, Zhong Hwang, Ju-Yeon Jung, Dong-Kyu Kim, Hyo-Ryoung Kim, Jeong-Sook Kobayashi, Hideyuki Li, Bin Li, Guanghui Li, Xiaofei Liu, Zhiyong Liu, Qinghui Liu, Xiang Oh, Chung-Sik Oyama, Tomoaki Roh, Duk-Gyoo Wang, Jinqing Wang, Na Wang, Shiqiang Xia, Bo Yan, Hao Yeom, Jae-Hwan Yonekura, Yoshinori Yuan, Jianping Zhang, Hua Zhao, Rongbing Zhong, Weiye Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University 520 Shengrong Road Shanghai201210 China Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-12 Hoshigaoka Mizusawa Iwate Oshu023-0861 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Kogakuin University of Technology & Engineering Academic Support Center 2665-1 Nakano-machi Hachioji Tokyo192-0015 Japan South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan University Kunming650500 China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute Daedeokdae-ro 776 Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Information Countermeasure Air Force Early Warning Academy Wuhan430019 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica HiloHI96720 United States Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny Institutsky per. 9 Moscow141700 Russia Lebedev Physical Institute The Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospekt 53 Moscow119991 Russia Department of Physics Faculty of Science U

The nearby radio galaxy M87 offers a unique opportunity to explore the connections between the central supermassive black hole and relativistic jets. Previous studies of the inner region of M87 revealed a wide opening angle for the jet originating near the black hole 1–4. The Event Horizon Telescope resolved the central radio source and found an asymmetric ring structure consistent with expectations from General Relativity 5. With a baseline of 17 years of observations, there was a shift in the jet’s transverse position, possibly arising from an eight to ten-year quasi-periodicity 3. However, the origin of this sideways shift remains unclear. Here we report an analysis of radio observations over 22 years that suggests a period of about 11 years in the position angle variation of the jet. We infer that we are seeing a spinning black hole that induces the Lense-Thirring precession of a misaligned accretion disk. Similar jet precession may commonly occur in other active galactic nuclei but has been challenging to detect owing to the small magnitude and long period of the variation. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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Overview of KAGRA : Data transfer and management

引用

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental physics 2023年第10期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T Ando, M Arai, K Arai, Y Araki, S Araya, A Aritomi, N Asada, H Aso, Y Bae, S Bae, Y Baiotti, L Bajpai, R Barton, M A Cannon, K Cao, Z Capocasa, E Chan, M Chen, C Chen, K Chen, Y Chiang, C-Y Chu, H Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S Enomoto, Y Flaminio, R Fujii, Y Fujikawa, Y Fukunaga, M Fukushima, M Gao, D Ge, G Ha, S Hagiwara, A Haino, S Han, W-B Hasegawa, K Hattori, K Hayakawa, H Hayama, K Himemoto, Y Hiranuma, Y Hirata, N Hirose, E Hong, Z Hsieh, B Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P Huang, Y-C Huang, Y Hui, D C Y Ide, S Ikenoue, B Imam, S Inayoshi, K Inoue, Y Ioka, K Ito, K Itoh, Y Izumi, K Jeon, C Jin, H-B Jung, K Jung, P Kaihotsu, K Kajita, T Kakizaki, M Kamiizumi, M Kanda, N Kang, G Kawaguchi, K Kawai, N Kawasaki, T Kim, C Kim, J Kim, J C Kim, W S Kim, Y-M Kimura, N Kita, N Kitazawa, H Kobayashi, Y Kojima, Y Kokeyama, K Komori, K Kong, A K H Kotake, K Kozakai, C Kozu, R Kumar, R Kume, J Kuo, C Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y Kuroyanagi, S Kusayanagi, K Kwak, K Lee, H K Lee, H W Lee, R Leonardi, M Li, K L Lin, L C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H L Liu, G C Luo, L-W Majorana, E Marchio, M Michimura, Y Mio, N Miyakawa, O Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Miyo, K Miyoki, S Mori, Y Morisaki, S Moriwaki, Y Nagano, K Nagano, S Nakamura, K Nakano, H Nakano, M Nakashima, R Nakayama, Y Narikawa, T Naticchioni, L Negishi, R Quynh, L Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A Nozaki, S Obuchi, Y Ogaki, W Oh, J J Oh, K Oh, S H Ohashi, M Ohashi, T Ohishi, N Ohkawa, M Ohta, H Okutani, Y Okutomi, K Oohara, K Ooi, C Oshino, S Otabe, S Pan, K Pang, H Parisi, A Park, J Arellano, F E Peña Pinto, I Sago, N Saito, S Saito, Y Sakai, K Sakai, Y Sakuno, Y Sasaki, Y Sato, S Sato, T Sawada, T Sekiguchi, T Sekiguchi, Y Shao, L Shibagaki, S Shimizu, R Shimoda, T Shimode, K Shinkai, H Shishido, T Shoda, A Somiya, K Son, E J Sotani, H Sugimoto, R Suresh, J Suzuki, T Tagoshi, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, R Takamori, A Takano, S Takeda, H Takeda, M Tanaka, H Tanaka, K Tanaka, T Tanioka, S Martin, E N Tapia San Telada, S Tomaru, T Tomigami, Y Tomura, T Travasso, F Trozzo, L Tsang, T Ts Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU) The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki City Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekou Street Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd. Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy Nation

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu prefecture, Japan. In this article, we describe the KAGRA data management system, i.e., recording of data, transfer from the KAGRA experiment site to computing resources, as well as data distribution to tier sites, including international sites in Taiwan and Korea. The amount of KAGRA data exceeded 1.0 PiB and increased by about 1.5 TB per day during operation in 2020. Our system has succeeded in data management, and has achieved performance that can withstand observations after 2023, that is, a transfer rate of 20 MB s-1or more and file storage of sufficient capacity for petabyte class. We also discuss the sharing of data between the global gravitational-wave detector network with other experiments, namely LIGO and Virgo. The latency, which consists of calculation of calibrated strain data and transfer time within the global network, is very important from the view of multi-messenger astronomy using gravitational waves. Real-time calbrated data delivered from the KAGRA detector site and other detectors to our computing system arrive with about 4–15 seconds of latency. These latencies are sufficiently short compared to the time taken for gravitational wave event search computations. We also established a high-latency exchange of offline calibrated data that was aggregated with a better accuracy compared with real-time data.

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