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Task-modulated neural responses in scene-selective regions of the human brain

VISION RESEARCH 2025年 227卷 108539页

作者： Koc, Aysu Nur Urgen, Burcu A. Afacan, Yasemin Justus Liebig Univ Giessen Dept Psychol Giessen Germany Bilkent Univ Interdisciplinary Neurosci Program Ankara Turkiye Bilkent Univ Dept Psychol Ankara Turkiye Bilkent Univ Dept Interior Architecture & Environm Design Ankara Turkiye Bilkent Univ Aysel Sabuncu Brain Res Ctr Ankara Turkiye Bilkent Univ Natl Magnet Resonance Imaging Ctr Ankara Turkiye

The study of scene perception is crucial to the understanding of how one interprets and interacts with their environment, and how the environment impacts various cognitive functions. The literature so far has mainly focused on the impact of low-level and categorical properties of scenes and how they are represented in the scene-selective regions in the brain, PPA, RSC, and OPA. However, higher-level scene perception and the impact of behavioral goals is a developing research area. Moreover, the selection of the stimuli has not been systematic and mainly focused on outdoor environments. In this fMRI experiment, we adopted multiple behavioral tasks, selected real-life indoor stimuli with a systematic categorization approach, and used various multivariate analysis techniques to explain the neural modulation of scene perception in the scene-selective regions of the human brain. Participants (N = 21) performed categorization and approach-avoidance tasks during fMRI scans while they were viewing scenes from built environment categories based on different affordances ((i)access and (ii)circulation elements, (iii)restrooms and (iv)eating/seating areas). ROI-based classification analysis revealed that the OPA was significantly successful in decoding scene category regardless of the task, and that the task condition affected category decoding performances of all the scene-selective regions. Model-based representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that the activity patterns in scene-selective regions are best explained by task. These results contribute to the literature by extending the task and stimulus content of scene perception research, and uncovering the impact of behavioral goals on the scene-selective regions of the brain.

关键词： Scene perception PPA RSC OPA MVPA RSA

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Spatiotemporal variation in population dynamics of a narrow endemic, Ranunculus austro-oreganus

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2025年第1期112卷 e16446页

作者： Thoen, Riley D. Hendricks, Lauren B. Bailes, Graham T. Johnson, Bart R. Pfeifer-Meister, Laurel Reed, Paul B. Roy, Bitty A. DeMarche, Megan L. Univ Georgia Dept Plant Biol 2502 Miller Plant Sci Athens GA 30602 USA Univ Oregon Environm Studies Program Eugene OR USA Jefferson Cty Open Spaces Golden CO USA Univ Oregon Inst Ecol & Evolut Dept Biol Eugene OR USA Univ Oregon Dept Landscape Architecture Eugene OR USA Inst Appl Ecol Corvallis OR USA

Premise: Understanding how population dynamics vary in space and time is critical for understanding the basic life history and conservation needs of a species, especially for narrow endemic species whose populations are often in similar environments and therefore at increased risk of extinction under climate change. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal variation in population dynamics of Ranunculus austro-oreganus, a perennial buttercup endemic to fragmented prairie habitat in one county in southern Oregon. Methods: We performed demographic surveys of three populations of R. austro-oreganus over 4 years (2015-2018). We used size-structured population models and life table response experiments to investigate vital rates driving spatiotemporal variation in population growth. Results: Overall, R. austro-oreganus had positive or stable stochastic population growth rates, though individual vital rates and overall population growth varied substantially among sites and years. All populations had their greatest growth in the same year, suggesting potential synchrony associated with climate conditions. Differences in survival contributed most to spatial variation in population growth, while differences in reproduction contributed most to temporal variation in population growth. Conclusions: Populations of this extremely narrow endemic appear stable, with positive growth during our study window. These results suggest that populations of R. austro-oreganus are able to persist if their habitat is not eliminated by land-use change. Nonetheless, its narrow distribution and synchronous population dynamics suggest the need for continued monitoring, particularly with ongoing habitat loss and climate change.

关键词： demography integral projection model life table response experiment narrow endemic Ranunculaceae skewed growth structured population model vital rates

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Processes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2025年第1期21卷 4-11页

作者： Jang, Kyojin Pilario, Karl Ezra Salgado Lee, Nayoung Moon, Il Na, Jonggeol Yonsei Univ Sch Chem & Biomol Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Univ Philippines Diliman Dept Chem Engn Proc Syst Engn Lab Quezon City 1101 Philippines Seoul Natl Univ Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Ewha Womans Univ Grad Program Syst Hlth Sci & Engn Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci Seoul 03760 South Korea

Process monitoring is important for ensuring operational reliability and preventing occupational accidents. In recent years, data-driven methods such as machine learning and deep learning have been preferred for fault detection and diagnosis. In particular, unsupervised learning algorithms, such as auto-encoders, exhibit good detection performance, even for unlabeled data from complex processes. However, decisions generated from deep-neural-network-based models are difficult to interpret and cannot provide explanatory insight to users. We address this issue by proposing a new fault diagnosis method using explainable artificial intelligence to break the traditional tradeoff between the accuracy and interpretability of deep learning model. First, an adversarial auto-encoder model for fault detection is built and then interpreted through the integration of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) with a combined monitoring index. Using SHAP values, a diagnosis is conducted by allocating credit for detected faults, deviations from a normal state, among its input variables. The proposed diagnosis method can consider not only reconstruction space but also latent space, unlike conventional methods, which evaluate only reconstruction error. The proposed method was applied to two chemical process systems and compared with conventional diagnosis methods. The results highlight that the proposed method achieves the exact fault diagnosis for single and multiple faults and, also, distinguishes the global pattern of various fault types.

关键词： Indexes Monitoring Fault diagnosis Fault detection Data models Computational modeling Modeling Auto-encoder (AE) continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) explainable AI fault diagnosis Tennessee Eastman (TE) process

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A study on the mechanical and radiation shielding characteristics of concrete samples reinforced with brass alloy and boron carbide

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APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 2025年 217卷 111641页

作者： Erkoyuncu, I. Demirkol, I. Akman, F. Kacal, M. R. Polat, H. Dilsiz, K. Bingol Univ Fac Arts & Sci Dept Phys TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Social Sci Dept Property protect & Secur Program Occupat Hlth & Safety TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye Giresun Univ Arts & Sci Fac Dept Phys TR-28100 Giresun Turkiye Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Dept Architecture & Urban Planning TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye

In this study, the gamma radiation shielding properties of concrete samples reinforced with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of the cement weight of brass alloy were investigated. To test gamma shielding performance of the samples, mass and linear attenuation coefficients, half and tenth value layers, effective atomic number and radiation protection efficiency parameters were determined experimentally, theoretically and Monte Carlo simulations (GEANT4 and FLUKA). The studies were performed at 11 different gamma energies that range from 59.5 to 1332.5 key emitted from 22 Na, 60 Co, 133 Ba, 137 Cs and 241 Am radioactive sources. The obtained results showed that the gamma shielding property of the samples increases with increasing brass alloy amount, and the sample reinforced with 50% brass alloy was the most effective one to shield gamma radiation. Neutron shielding properties of the sample reinforced with 50% brass alloy were therefore investigated by adding 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% boron carbide (B4C). The neutron permeability, which is an important parameter in terms of the neutron shielding performance of B4C added concrete samples, was investigated by using GEANT4 and FLUKA simulation programs. While the total macroscopic cross section results obtained with GEANT4 for concretes coded as P0, P50, P50B5, P50B10, P50B15 and P50B20 are 2.0290, 2.0324, 2.0343, 2.0346, 2.0361 and 2.0367 cm-1, respectively, the results obtained with FLUKA are 2.0287, 2.0322, 2.0337, 2.0342, 2.0357 and 2.0362 cm- 1, respectively. Therefore, the sample containing 20% B4C is the sample that best shields neutron radiation. In addition to the radiation shielding properties of the produced samples, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, Schmidt surface hardness, ultrasound pulse velocity were also tested in terms of usability.

关键词： Gamma and neutron shielding Reinforced concretes HPGe detector WinXCOM Monte Carlo simulation

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Highly selective generation of singlet oxygen via peroxymonosulfate activation by Mn-N supported biochar

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AIP ADVANCES 2025年第1期15卷

作者： Wu, Huan Ji, Fangfang Zhou, Bin Gao, Shikun Zhang, Zhe Chongqing City Vocat Coll Intelligent Construct Technol Applicat Serv Ctr Sch Architecture & Engn Chongqing 402160 Peoples R China T Y Lin Int Chongqing 400074 Peoples R China Chongqing Jiaotong Univ Sch River & Ocean Engn Chongqing 400074 Peoples R China Univ Cincinnati Dept Chem & Environm Engn ChEE Environm Engn & Sci Program Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

In this study, manganese-nitrogen sites were incorporated into biochar (BC) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and others, confirmed the successful doping of Manganese-Nitrogen (Mn-N) sites into the BC (referred to as MnN@BC). The study revealed that the integration of Mn-N active sites in BC modified the electronic polarization and facilitated electron transfer. It is worth noting that a remarkable synergistic effect (SI = 6.92) was witnessed in the MnN@BC/PMS system. Under optimal conditions, SMX was nearly completely eliminated within 40 minutes. Radical scavenging experiments indicated that Hydroxyl Radical (center dot OH), Sulfate Radicals (SO4 center dot-), superoxide radicals (O-2(center dot-)), and singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) all played significant roles in the degradation of SMX. Density functional theory calculations were employed to further investigate the mechanism of enhanced electron transfer of PMS facilitated by the loading of BC on the Mn-N site. Cyclic experiments and characterizations conducted before and after recycling demonstrated that MnN@BC exhibited remarkable stability and reusability. This study probed into the mechanism of PMS activation by transition metal and non-metal dual active sites and offered strategies for more effective and sustainable degradation of pollutants. (c) 2025 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Reusability

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Optimizing urban green spaces using a decision-support model for carbon sequestration and ecological connectivity

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025年 384卷 125058页

作者： Hwang, Hyemee Kim, Daseul Kim, Sanghyuck Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Eun Sub Yang, Tackang Lee, Nagyeom Piao, Yong Park, Byeong Jin Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea SK Forest Restructuring team Seoul South Korea City Univ Hong Kong Sch Energy & Environm Low Carbon & Climate Impact Res Ctr Hong Kong Peoples R China Yanbian Univ Coll Geog & Ocean Sci Hunchun 133300 Peoples R China

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are vital for enhancing urban ecological health and resident well-being. However, their diverse functions need to be balanced based on spatial limitations and varying stakeholder preferences. Integrated planning approaches are needed to exploit the multiple benefits of UGSs. This study introduces a multi-objective decision-support model designed to optimize UGS planning by simultaneously addressing carbon sequestration, ecological connectivity, and cost constraints. The model incorporates the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II to identify Pareto-optimal solutions for tailored decision-making strategies that balance different priorities. The model indicated that ecological connectivity can be improved by 7.57 % while meeting carbon-reduction and budgetary targets. The model effectively balanced trade-offs, underscoring the importance of both the quantity and strategic placement of green space. This decision-support framework empowers decision-makers to rapidly simulate and validate optimal scenarios, effectively balance competing objectives, and provide a scientific basis through verifiable feedback, ultimately promoting the development of sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Decision-making Urban green space Ecological network Carbon sink potential NSGA-II

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Aligning Valuations: Preservation Experts and the Values of Historic Heritage in Post-Disaster Mexico

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QUALITATIVE SOCIOLOGY 2025年 1-29页

作者： Fridman, Daniel Ibarra-Sevilla, Benjamin Levy, Eldad J. Univ Texas Austin Dept Sociol Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin Lozano Long Inst Latin Amer Studies Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin Sch Architecture Austin TX USA Rollins Coll Latin Amer & Caribbean Studies Program Winter Pk FL USA

Many experts are increasingly being tasked with bridging or reconciling different forms of value. How do experts handle valuations that conflict with their own? Drawing on in-depth interviews with Mexican historic heritage officials and secondary sources, we analyze the case of state historic preservation experts in Mexico who managed the restoration of over two thousand churches and chapels damaged by two earthquakes in 2017. Communities that used the temples valued the heritage primarily for its religious and everyday social significance, while insurance representatives saw it in economic terms, and preservation officials valued it for its historic significance, respect for original construction, and technical qualities. In this context, preservation experts sought to align these conflicting values, reducing the value dissonances and precariously making them compatible. In this aligning, they mobilized their authority differently with various actors. With local communities, they downplayed their expert authority, emphasizing dialogue and empathy, even as congregations sometimes jeopardized preservation efforts with unauthorized repairs. Preservation officials aligned their valuation of heritage with economic value more reluctantly. When dealing with insurance adjusters, preservation officials wielded their technical expertise to advocate for their vision of restoration funding. However, the practical challenges of damage evaluation and the complexity of heritage monuments facilitated aligning valuations with insurance. This article contributes to the intersections of the sociologies of valuation, expertise, and money.

关键词： Valuation Experts Historic heritage Money Insurance Mexico

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Comparison of high temperature hot corrosion behavior of AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCoCrFeNiZr high entropy alloy (HEAs) coatings

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Surface and Coatings Technology 2025年 511卷

作者： Odabas, Okan Ozgurluk, Yasin Karaoglanli, Abdullah Cahit Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Design Bartin74110 Turkey Program of Medical Services and Techniques Vocational School of Health Services Bartin University Bartin74100 Turkey Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Design Bartin74110 Turkey

Composite coating technologies used in the aircraft industry are susceptible to hot corrosion damage caused by substandard fuels and harsh environmental conditions. In this context, it is crucial to evaluate the hot corrosion resistance of coating systems and to study the microstructural changes. Recent research has focused on the hot corrosion damage behavior of high entropy alloy (HEAs) coatings in the aircraft industry. In this study, two different HEA coating systems were designed by applying CoNiCrAlY powder, AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCoCrFeNiZr HEA powders to an Inconel 718 substrate using two thermal spray coating techniques (high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) and atmospheric plasma spray (APS)). Then, in order to investigate the microstructural changes in the coatings, a salt mixture of 45 % Na2SO4 and 55 % V2O5 was placed on the surface of the coatings and subjected to isothermal hot corrosion experiments at 900 °C for 1, 3, 5 and 10 h. Both coating systems exhibited outstanding stability, strength and increased corrosion resistance under high temperature, extremely corrosive conditions, and the damage effect in needle/rod-like hot corrosion was dominated by the formation of Co2VO4 compound as a corrosion product. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： High temperature corrosion

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Acoustic and thermal performance of an innovative façade constructed with Brazilian plantation wood

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2025年 104卷

作者： Ribeiro, Rodrigo Scoczynski Arnela, Marc Zea, Elias Vila, Adria Pastor Rodrigues, Noelli Nara Andrade Giglio, Thalita Zara, Rafaela Benan Moura, Jorge Daniel de Melo Univ Tecnol Fed Parana UTFPR Grad Program Civil Engn PPGEC CT R Dep Heitor Alencar Furtado 5000Cidade Ind Curit Curitiba PR Brazil La Salle Univ Ramon Llull URL Human Environm Res HER Grp Carrerde Sant Joan Salle 42 Barcelona 08022 Spain KTH Royal Inst Technol Dept Engn Mech Marcus Wallenberg Lab Sound & Vibrat Res Teknikringen 8 SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden Univ Estadual Londrina State Univ Londrina Associated UEM UEL Postgrad Program Architecture & Rod. Celso Garcia CidPR 445Km 380 Londrina PR Brazil Univ Estadual Londrina State Univ Londrina Grad Program Civil Engn PPGEci Rod Celso Garcia CidPR 445km 380 Londrina PR Brazil

The construction industry faces several challenges in adopting sustainable materials for building components. Engineered Wood Products (EWP) are emerging as potential alternatives to traditional materials like hollow clay blocks. This research evaluates an innovative EWP-based fa & ccedil;ade as a possible replacement for a hollow block wall in terms of acoustic and thermal performance. The study was conducted in a hotel in Guarapuava, Brazil, where acoustical measurements and thermal envelope simulations were performed. The measured Weighted Standardized Fa & ccedil;ade Level Difference (D2 m,nT,w) for the existing hollow block fa & ccedil;ade was 37 dB, while the simulated data for the proposed wood fa & ccedil;ade reached 42 dB. Indoor sound insulation between rooms also improved, rising from 46 dB (measured) to 48 dB (simulated) with the EWP fa & ccedil;ade. From a thermal perspective, the thermal resistance increased from 0.50 m2K/W to 1.86 m2K/W, which is more suitable for the Brazilian 1M climate zone where the building is located. This study highlights the potential of using Brazilian pine wood in fa & ccedil;ade elements.

关键词： Hybrid buildings Engineered wood products Airborne sound insulation Thermal performance

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Environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of natural rubbers: A review and scientometric analysis

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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2025年 224卷

作者： Nunes, Felipe Marrero Silva, Andre Luiz Emmel May, Jeferson Szarblewski, Mateus da Silva Flemming, Leandro Assmann, Eduardo Eugenio Moraes, Jorge Andre Ribas Machado, Enio Leandro Univ Santa Cruz do Sul UNISC Postgrad Program Environm Technol Ave Independencia 2293 BR-96815900 Santa Cruz Do Sul RS Brazil Univ Santa Cruz do Sul UNISC Dept Engn Architecture & Comp Ave Independencia 2293 BR-96815900 Santa Cruz Do Sul RS Brazil Mercur SA Rua Cristovao Colombo 53 BR-96825010 Santa Cruz Do Sul RS Brazil

Natural rubber (NR) is an essential raw material for the automotive, textile, footwear, pharmaceutical, and medical industries, among others. However, the production of this product through various processes generates a high environmental impact, particularly due to the intensive use of thermal and electrical energy, fuels, water, and chemicals, requiring the implementation of strategies to evaluate and reduce these effects. In this context, a scientometric analysis was conducted to investigate the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool for evaluating the environmental impacts throughout the NR production chain. The software VosViewer was used to perform cluster analysis, and the review was conducted to characterize the main processes involved in the production of NR products, highlighting findings in the production chains of Hevea brasiliensis and Parthenium argentatum. The study concluded that NR production phases are particularly intensive in energy, water and chemical use, contributing significantly to environmental impacts such as global warming and ecotoxicity. Studies on NR goods mainly focus on emissions from the production, use and end-of-life stages of automotive tires, especially due to the large amount of waste generated (17 million tons annually worldwide). Despite advancements in tire treatment and recycling, further studies are still needed, including their application to other rubber goods. Addressing data gaps, improving database quality and adopting standardized guidelines like Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) are fundamental for more reliable and representative LCA studies, paving the way for enhanced sustainability in NR production.

关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA) Natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis Parthenium argentatum Sustainability

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