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The role of foreign ions in Portland cement production and properties: A state-of-the-art review on phase formation, polymorphism and hydration

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CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES 2025年 159卷

作者： Carvalho, Ivo C. Neto, Jose S. Andrade Matos, Paulo R. Lothenbach, Barbara Kirchheim, Ana P. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul NORIE UFRGS Dept Civil Engn Postgrad Program Civil Engn Construction & Infrast Porto Alegre Brazil Univ Estado Santa Catarina UDESC Dept Architecture & Urbanism Laguna SC Brazil Santa Catarina State Univ UDESC Ctr Technol Sci CCT Dept Civil Engn Joinville Brazil Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Concrete & Asphalt Lab Dubendorf Switzerland

Adopting alternative raw materials and fuels has significantly increased in the last few years. This practice introduces minor constituents (or foreign ions) into cement kilns, influencing the synthesis process and subsequent clinker/cement properties. This paper examined the impact of zinc, titanium, phosphorus, fluorine, and copper on clinker/cement characteristics, focusing on phase formation, polymorphism, and hydration behavior. These constituents often serve as mineralizers or fluxes, modifying melting temperatures and viscosity of the melt in kilns and/or altering clinker mineralogy. A general trend of hydration retardation was identified in the presence of these minor constituents, with threshold incorporation levels underlined. Gaps in the current knowledge were identified, such as the effect of foreign ions in polymorphism, especially C3A. By synthesizing current research, this work provides valuable insights for the cement industry and the academy. Moreover, it proposes research directions to further understand the effects of co-processing and minor constituents on cement production.

关键词： Cement Foreign ions Co-processing Hydration Polymorphs

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The impact of mega shopping complexes on the survival of nearby local businesses: A case study of the seoul metropolitan area, South Korea

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2025年 155卷

作者： Kang, Mingu Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study examines the impact of mega shopping complexes (MSCs) on the survival of adjacent businesses in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea, from 2008 to 2023. Using mixed-effects Cox models, we analyzed three prevalent industrial sectors in commercial districts: food service, beauty, and recreation businesses. We found that MSC affects local businesses differently, depending on the services they offer. In food service businesses, only pubs face the risk of business failure due to the entry of MSC. Conversely, general restaurants, cafes, and beauty businesses showed no significant statistical impact. Recreation businesses are divided into two types based on the similarity of their services to those offered by MSC. After MSC entry, close proximity to the MSC yields a negative effect on establishments offering similar services, while benefiting those offering distinct services. This finding suggests that policies should focus more on enhancing the competitiveness of local businesses to effectively utilize the increased visibility rather than solely limiting the spillover effect of the MSC.

关键词： Mega shopping complex Local business survival Mixed-effects Cox model Seoul Metropolitan area

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Digital Twin Based on CFD Modelling for Analysis of Two-Phase Flows During Pipeline Filling-Emptying Procedures

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第5期15卷 2643-2643页

作者： Paternina-Verona, Duban A. Coronado-Hernandez, Oscar E. Fuertes-Miquel, Vicente S. Saba, Manuel Ramos, Helena M. Univ Sinu Sch Civil Engn Cartagena 130014 Colombia Univ Tecnol Bolivar Fac Ingn Cartagena 130001 Colombia Univ Cartagena Inst Hidraul & Saneamiento Ambiental Cartagena 130001 Colombia Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Ingn Hidraul & Medio Ambiente Valencia 46022 Spain Univ Cartagena Civil Engn Program Cartagena 130001 Colombia Univ Lisbon Civil Engn Architecture & Environm Dept CERIS Inst Super Tecn P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

Pipeline filling and emptying are critical hydraulic procedures involving transient two-phase air-water interactions, which can cause pressure surges and structural risks. Traditional Digital Twin models rely on one-dimensional (1D) approaches, which cannot capture air-water interactions. This study integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models into a Digital Twin framework for improved predictive analysis. A CFD-based Digital Twin is developed and validated using real-time pressure measurements, incorporating 2D and 3D CFD models, mesh sensitivity analysis, and calibration procedures. Key contributions include a CFD-driven Digital Twin for real-time monitoring and machine learning (ML) techniques to optimise pressure surges. ML models trained with experimental and CFD data reduce reliance on computationally expensive CFD simulations. Among the 31 algorithms tested, decision trees, efficient linear models, and ensemble classifiers achieved 100% accuracy for filling processes, while k-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) provided 97.2% accuracy for emptying processes. These models effectively predict hazardous pressure peaks and vacuum conditions, confirming their reliability in optimising pipeline operations while significantly reducing computational time.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Digital Twin (DT) two-dimensional (2D) models three-dimensional (3D) models two-phase flows Machine Learning (ML) hydraulic transients

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Polymeric Coatings with Electrolyzed Acidic Water: A Novel Approach to Extending Egg Shelf Life and Quality

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POLYMERS 2025年第1期17卷 84-84页

作者： Parra, A. Gina Clavijo, Claudia Castillo, Alejandro Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo Univ Pamplona Architecture & Engn Fac Food Sci & Technol Program Pamplona 543050 Colombia Univ Pamplona Basic Sci Fac Microbiol & Biotechnol Res Grp Pamplona 543050 Colombia Texas A&M Univ Food Sci & Technol Dept Texas A&M AgriLife Res Grp College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Cartagena Food Engn Dept Food Packaging & Shelf Life Res Grp Cartagena 130015 Colombia

Electrolyzed acidic water (EAW) contains hypochlorous acid as its active compound, which is a potent antimicrobial. It was encapsulated in polymeric coatings and applied to the surface of eggs. The antimicrobial activity and the ability to extend the shelf life of eggs at ambient temperature for 45 days were evaluated, by physical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. The analysis also included the evaluation of mechanical, thermal, and crystallinity properties and the interaction between the coating components and the eggshell. The results showed that eggs from young, middle-aged, and adult hens, encapsulated and coated with EAW, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and chitosan, gained resistance and a glossy appearance. The thickness of the coating was 2.9 mu m for young and adult hens' eggs and 2.60 mu m for those of old hens, as observed by SEM. Shelf life was extended to 45 days under refrigeration and more than 30 days at ambient temperature. Coated eggs were acceptable for 85% of the panelists compared to 57% acceptance of non-coated eggs. The encapsulation and coating with EAW as an antimicrobial agent improved the surface protection of commercial eggs, reduced albumen liquefaction, and maintained quality by acting as a barrier against air, thereby preserving sensory characteristics.

关键词： electrolyzed water coating eggs shelf life

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Classification of Retinitis Pigmentosa Stages Based on Machine Learning by Fusion of Image Features of VF and MfERG Maps

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ELECTRONICS 2025年第9期14卷 1867-1867页

作者： Karaman, Bayram Guven, Ayseguel Oner, Ayse Kahraman, Neslihan Sinim Erciyes Univ Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Biomed Engn Grad Program TR-38039 Kayseri Turkiye Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Univ Engn & Architecture Fac Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-60250 Tokat Turkiye Erciyes Univ Engn Fac Dept Biomed Engn TR-38039 Kayseri Turkiye Acibadem Taksim Hosp Dept Ophthalmol TR-34373 Istanbul Turkiye Acibadem Univ Dept Ophthalmol TR-34638 Istanbul Turkiye

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive retinal disorder that leads to vision loss and blindness. Accurate staging of RP is crucial for effective treatment planning and disease management. This study aims to develop an objective and reliable method for RP staging by integrating handcrafted features extracted from visual field (VF) grayscale and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) P1 wave amplitude maps using machine-learning models. Four machine-learning models were evaluated using features derived from VF grayscale maps (GLCM and gray tone features) and mfERG P1 amplitude maps (RGB and HSV features). Additionally, feature selection was performed using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm to identify the most relevant features. The experimental results showed that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model achieved the highest classification performance with 98.39% accuracy, 98.26% precision, 98.55% recall, 98.41% F1 score, and 99.17% specificity using the seven most important features: RGB Entropy_R, GLCM Contrast_90 degrees, RGB Std_R, GLCM Homogeneity_90 degrees, RGB Energy_R, Histogram Kurtosis, and GLCM Energy_90 degrees. These findings demonstrate that fusing grayscale and amplitude maps provides an effective approach for RP staging. The proposed method may serve as an objective, automated decision-support tool for ophthalmologists, enhancing clinical evaluations and enabling personalized treatment strategies for RP patients.

关键词： Retinitis Pigmentosa visual field grayscale maps multifocal electroretinography maps feature fusion machine learning

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Moving towards climate-resilient mobility: Challenges and emerging trends

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TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIETY 2025年 39卷

作者： Zhai, Wei Ye, Xinyue Univ Texas San Antonio Urban & Reg Planning Program San Antonio TX 78249 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning College Stn TX USA Texas A&M Univ Ctr Geospatial Sci Applicat & Technol College Stn TX USA

The special issue explores the urgent need for climate-resilient urban transportation systems in response to increasing climate-related disasters. It emphasizes the importance of data-driven resilience planning that considers how diverse human mobility patterns influence vulnerability during crises. Studies highlighted include human evacuation behaviors during Hurricane Irma and the Marshall Fire, revealing how risk perception and socioeconomic factors shape response actions. Autonomous shuttles and other adaptive transit solutions demonstrate the potential for low-emission alternatives in resilient urban mobility. Further studies examine flood impacts on commuting and emergency response in flood-prone areas like Wuhan and Shanghai, underscoring the value of machine learning and predictive traffic models. Heat-related challenges are explored, with findings on gender disparities and the resilience of bike-sharing during heatwaves. Throughout, environmental justice emerges as essential to resilience planning, as lower-income and high-risk populations bear disproportionate impacts from climate hazards. For future research, co-produced knowledge that includes diverse stakeholders will be key to creating inclusive and resilient urban mobility solutions that address both technological and social dimensions of climate adaptation.

关键词： Urban climate resilience Human mobility Travel behaivour

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Growth performance of Scenedesmus sp. AQUAMEB-57. Ankistrodesmus sp. AQUAMEB-33, and Synechococcaceae AQUAMEB-32 cultivated at different light intensities

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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2025年 1-15页

作者： Uguz, Seyit Anderson, Gary Simsek, Ercan Ates, Kivilcim Yilmaz, Mete Yaslioglu, Erkan Delice, Hatice Ulusoy, Yahya Yozgat Bozok Univ Fac Engn Architecture Dept Biosyst Engn Yozgat Turkiye Bursa Uludag Univ Fac Agr Biosyst Engn TR-16059 Bursa Turkiye South Dakota State Univ Brookings SD USA HasTavuk Co Res & Dev Dept Balikesir Turkiye Bursa Tech Univ Dept Bioengn Bursa Turkiye Bursa Uludag Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Agr Equipments & Machinery Program Bursa Turkiye

Increasing air pollutants significantly contributes to climate change, requiring innovative mitigation strategies. Microalgae provide a promising solution by absorbing CO2 and pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and ammonia from agricultural and industrial emissions, while also generating biomass for biofuels and animal feed. This study investigated the effects of light intensity on the growth and biochemical composition of Scenedesmus sp. AQUAMEB-57, Ankistrodesmus sp. AQUAMEB-33, and Synechococcaceae AQUAMEB-32 cultivated in photobioreactors under two batch and continuous culture conditions. Scenedesmus sp. reached the highest cell concentration (8 x 106 cells ml-1) at 200 mu mol photons m-2s-1, while Ankistrodesmus sp. and Synechococcaceae peaked at 300 mu mol photons m-2s-1. Dry biomass was highest for all species at 300 mu mol photons m-2s-1. Scendesmus sp showed the highest protein content (15.6%) at a light intensity of 200 mu mol photons m-2s-1, Ankistrodesmus sp. (17.2%) at 300 mu mol photons m-2s-1, and Synechococcaceae (23.5%) at 100 mu mol photons m-2s-1. Maximum carbohydrate content for Scenedesmus sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., and Synechococcaceae was 56.0%, 20.5%, and 18.4%, respectively, at 300 mu mol photons m-2s-1. C16/C18 fatty acids significantly increased as light intensity was raised from 100 to 200 mu mol photons m-2s-1. The findings show that light intensity impacts growth rates and biochemical profiles, varying by species and cultivation mode. Continuous systems yield higher biomass than batch systems, emphasizing the need for optimized strategies to enhance algal productivity. This research enhances understanding of microalgal growth dynamics, offering insights into optimizing conditions for improved biomass yield and supporting sustainable biofuel production and other valuable products.

关键词： Microalgae light intensity biomass fatty acids protein

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Production and evaluation of the polyester composites containing pyrite and niobium diboride for radiation protection

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RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2025年 226卷

作者： Akman, Ferdi Turhan, Mehmet Fatih Ogul, Hasan Tursucu, Ahmet Erdogan, Taha Kacal, Mustafa Recep Polat, Hasan Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Social Sci Dept Property protect & Secur program Occupat Hlth & Safety TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye Afyonkarahisar Hlth Sci Univ Ataturk Vocat Sch Hlth Serv Dept Med Imaging Tech Afyonkarahisar 03200 Turkiye Sinop Univ Fac Engn & Architecture Dept Nucl Engn Sinop Turkiye Sirnak Univ Engn Fac Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-73000 Sirnak Turkiye Afyonkarahisar Hlth Sci Univ Fac Med Dept Radiat Oncol Afyonkarahisar 03030 Turkiye Giresun Univ Arts & Sci Fac Dept Phys TR-28100 Giresun Turkiye Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Dept Architecture & Urban Planning TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye

The presented study focused on investigating the radiation shielding properties of polyester/pyrite/niobium diboride (FeSNbB) composites. Various gamma-ray shielding parameters were evaluated with help of a HPGe detector system. Theoretical and simulation results are further evaluated by WinXCOM, GEANT4 and FLUKA codes, and the obtained results are compared with experimental values in the energy region 59.5 keV-1332.5 keV. The prepared samples are additionally evaluated using kerma relative to air values and Exposure build-up factors. Then, for the evaluation of neutron radiation shielding, effective removal cross sections for fast neutrons were determined for FeSNbB composites. Electron attenuation efficiency (AE%) for the produced composites was assessed across the energy spectrum of 4 MeV-18 MeV, utilizing experimental data from a Linac machine and theoretical predictions from Eclipse TPS. The results were found to be compatible with each other. FeSNbB50 has the best shielding properties among the studied composites.

关键词： Pyrite-niobium diboride composite Shielding Gamma Neutron Electron

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Experimental approach to reduce uncertainty in estimating the thermal performance of buildings' envelopes in hot climates

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DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2025年 21卷

作者： Waly, Nourhan M. Hassan, Hamdy Murata, Ryo Sailor, David J. Mahmoud, Hatem Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol E JUST Dept Environm Engn New Borg El Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol E JUST Dept Energy Resources New Borg El Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt Assiut Univ Engn Fac Dept Mech Engn Assiut Egypt Inst Sci Tokyo Sch Environm & Soc Minato Ku Meguro 1080023 Japan Arizona State Univ Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning Tempe AZ USA Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol E JUST Sustainable Architecture Program New Borg El Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt Aswan Univ Engn Fac Dept Architecture Engn Aswan 81542 Egypt

This study aims to reduce uncertainty in key thermal performance parameters of Cooling Load Temperature Difference CLTD and U-values used to estimate the energy demand of buildings in hot arid regions. A developed methodology that combines experimental and mathematical approaches is employed. A coupled experimental approach (QIRT/THM) is introduced with modifications to improve the results accuracy. The experimental approach achieved up to 93% correlation coefficient with the standard data estimation. Despite the high correlation, estimated cooling loads using tabular data and the experimental values, hold a potential difference of up to 36%. A correction equation was suggested to narrow the calculations gap under specific context. These findings could have substantial implications for reducing uncertainty by standardizing the thermal performance of buildings. Recognizing the substantial impact of building envelopes, the findings contribute to more accurate estimations which play a significant role in narrowing the Energy Performance Gap in hot climate regions.

关键词： Cooling load Building energy performance Hot temperature QIRT THM Residential buildings

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Exposure-response relationships between road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise and annoyance in Bulgarian cities

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025年 269卷 120879页

作者： Dzhambov, Angel M. Burov, Angel Hagenauer, Julian Helbich, Marco Dimitrova, Donka Markevych, Iana Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. Med Univ Plovdiv Strateg Res & Innovat Program Dev MU Plovdiv Hlth & Qual Life Green & Sustainable Environm Res Plovdiv Bulgaria Med Univ Plovdiv Res Inst Environm Hlth Div 15 A Vassil Aprilov Blvd Plovdiv 4002 Bulgaria Univ Architecture Civil Engn & Geodesy Fac Architecture Dept Urban Planning Sofia Bulgaria Univ Utrecht Fac Geosci Dept Human Geog & Spatial Planning Utrecht Netherlands Med Univ Plovdiv Fac Publ Hlth Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ Plovdiv Bulgaria Jagiellonian Univ Inst Psychol Krakow Poland Barcelona Inst Global Hlth Barcelona Spain Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain CIBERESP Madrid Spain

This study aimed to develop exposure-response relationships (ERRs) between road, rail, and air traffic noise and high noise annoyance (HNA) and to assess the HNA disease burden. In 2023, 4640 adults were cross-sectionally sampled from the five largest cities in Bulgaria. Participants' road, rail/tram, and air traffic HNA was defined as the top two categories (60% cut-off point) of a 5-point scale. A 72% cut-off approximation was also used. European Noise Directive maps were used to assign day-evening-night equivalent sound levels (Lden) to residences. ERRs were derived and used, together with the new WHO disability weight for HNA, to calculate disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs were monetised based on Bulgaria's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the value of a life year (VOLY). In fully adjusted models, Lden was non-linearly associated with HNA. Road traffic Lden [range 42.5-77.5 dB] was positively associated with HNA only above 62.5 dB, whereas the upward trend for rail [range 37.5-72.5 dB] and air traffic Lden [range 37.5-57.5 dB] started at 40-45 dB. Using this study's ERRs, the burden among people exposed to >= 40 dB was 3476 (1896-5056) DALYs, $ 39 138 953 (21 348 520-56 929 386) based on GDP, and 243 310 984 (94 796 487-505 581 266) based on VOLY. Using the WHO's curves, the burden was 4312 (2352-6273) DALYs, $ 48 559 330 (26 486 907-70 631 753), and 301 873 648 (117 613 110-627 269 918). In conclusion, we could only derive a plausible ERR for railway noise annoyance. Until better ERRs are derived for the Bulgarian population, we recommend using the WHO curves for road traffic and aircraft noise annoyance.

关键词： Transport noise exposure Noise perception Noise sensitivity Noise survey Eastern Europe

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