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Engineering a 3D Biomimetic Peptides Functionalized-Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel Model Cocultured with Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes: Enhancing In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Biomimicry

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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS 2024年第9期21卷 4664-4672页

作者： Ahmad, Nesrine Kiriako, Georges Saliba, John Abla, Kawthar El-Sabban, Marwan Mhanna, Rami Amer Univ Beirut Maroun Semaan Fac Engn & Architecture Biomed Engn Program Beirut 11072020 Lebanon Amer Univ Beirut Fac Med Dept Anat Cell Biol & Physiol Sci Beirut 11072020 Lebanon

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge for drug delivery and is linked to various neurovascular disorders. In vitro BBB models provide a tool to investigate drug permeation across the BBB and the barrier's response to external injury events. Yet, existing models lack fidelity in replicating the BBB's complexity, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its functions. This study introduces a three-dimensional (3D) model using polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels modified with biomimetic peptides that represent recognition sequences of key proteins in the brain. Hydrogels were functionalized with recognition sequences for laminin (IKVAV) and fibronectin peptides (RGD) and chemically cross-linked with matrix metalloprotease-sensitive peptides (MMPs) to mimic the extracellular matrix of the BBB. Astrocytes and endothelial cells were seeded within and on the surface of the hydrogels, respectively. The barrier integrity was assessed through different tests including transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), the permeability of sodium fluorescence (Na-F), the permeability of Evan's blue bound to albumin (EBA), and the expression of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in seeded endothelial cells. Hydrogels with a combination of RGD and IKVAV peptides displayed superior performance, exhibiting significantly higher TEER values (55.33 +/- 1.47 Omegacm(2)) at day 5 compared to other 2D controls including HAECs-monoculture and HAECs-cocultured with NHAs seeded on well inserts and 3D controls including RGD hydrogel and RGD-IKVAV monoculture with HAECs and RGD hydrogel cocultured with HAECs and NHAs. The designed 3D system resulted in the lowest Evan's blue permeability at 120 min (0.215 +/- 0.055 mu g/mL) compared to controls. ZO-1 expression was significantly higher and formed a relatively larger network in the functionalized hydrogel cocultured with astrocytes and endothelial cells compared to the controls. Thus, the designed 3D model effectively rec

关键词： 3D in vitro models blood-brain barrier fibronectin-mimetic RGD laminin-mimetic IKVAV polyethylene glycol hydrogels

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A Review of Social and Organizational Barriers to Water Reuse in the United States

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WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER 2025年第1期12卷

作者： Scruggs, Caroline E. Hacker, Miriam E. Univ New Mexico Sch Architecture & Planning Community & Reg Planning Dept Albuquerque NM 87106 USA Univ New Mexico Water Resources Program Albuquerque NM 87106 USA Water Res Fdn Alexandria VA USA

Water reuse is increasingly seen as a necessary part of municipal and regional water planning, driven by climate change, increasing populations, economic development, nutrient management, and supply diversification, among other factors. However, only a small fraction of the water discharged every day from municipal, industrial, agricultural, and oil and gas operations across the United States is formally reused. Despite the need for water reuse in water planning, barriers to adoption exist across several social and organizational dimensions: cost and rate development, policy and regulation, capacity development, organizational dynamics, and equity and environmental justice. This overview reviews these dimensions, synthesizing major findings from the literature and highlighting areas where additional research is needed. Existing work has focused on economic considerations of reuse and regulatory and policy impacts. While some research exists across the other dimensions presented, there is a need to expand what we know about organizational factors impacting the adoption of water reuse, including workforce and capacity building and equity implications.

关键词： cost and rate development equity governance organizational dynamics water recycling

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Single-cell fluid-based force spectroscopy reveals near lipid size nano-topography effects on neural cell adhesion

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LAB ON A CHIP 2024年第4期24卷 707-718页

作者： Habli, Zeina Lahoud, Rima Zantout, Ahmad Abou-Kheir, Wassim Khraiche, Massoud L. Amer Univ Beirut Maroun Semaan Fac Engn & Architecture Biomed Engn Program Neural Engn & Nanobiosensors Grp Beirut 11072020 Lebanon Amer Univ Beirut Fac Med Dept Anat Cell Biol & Physiol Sci Beirut 11072020 Lebanon

Nano-roughness has shown great potential in enhancing high-fidelity electrogenic cell interfaces, owing to its characteristic topography comparable to proteins and lipids, which influences a wide range of cellular mechanical responses. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how cells respond to nano-roughness at the single-cell level is not only imperative for implanted devices but also essential for tissue regeneration and interaction with complex biomaterial surfaces. In this study, we quantify cell adhesion and biomechanics of single cells to nano-roughened surfaces by measuring neural cell adhesion and biomechanics via fluidic-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). For this, we introduce nanoscale topographical features on polyimide (PI) surfaces achieving roughness up to 25 nm without chemical modifications. Initial adhesion experiments show cell-specific response to nano-roughness for neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) compared to human astrocytes (NHA) around 15 and 20 nm surface roughness. In addition, our SCFS measurements revealed a remarkable 2.5-fold increase in adhesion forces (150-164 nN) for SH-SY5Y cells cultured on roughened PI (rPI) surfaces compared to smooth surfaces (60-107 nN). Our data also shows that cells can distinguish changes in nano-roughness as small 2 nm (close to the diameter of a single lipid) and show roughness dependence adhesion while favoring 15 nm. Notably, this enhanced adhesion is accompanied by increased cell elongation upon cell detachment without any significant differences in cell area spreading. The study provides valuable insights into the interplay between nano-topography and cellular responses and offers practical implications for designing biomaterial surfaces with enhanced cellular interactions. Nano-topography of polyimide surfaces plays a critical role in determining neural cellular adhesion.

关键词： Cell adhesion

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Hasht Bihisht: A Spatial Interpretation of the Location, Size, and Layout of Humayun's Tomb-Garden in the Nizamuddin Area of Mughal Delhi

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MUQARNAS-AN ANNUAL ON THE VISUAL CULTURES OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD 2024年第1期40卷 155-196页

作者： Wescoat Jr, James L. MIT Aga Khan Program Islamic Architecture Cambridge MA 02139 USA

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Comparison of Embodied Carbon Footprint of a Mass Timber Building Structure with a Steel Equivalent

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BUILDINGS 2024年第5期14卷 1276页

作者： Hemmati, Mahboobeh Messadi, Tahar Gu, Hongmei Seddelmeyer, Jacob Hemmati, Moein Univ Arkansas Environm Dynam Ph D Program Fayetteville AR 72701 USA Univ Arkansas Fay Jones Sch Architecture & Design Fayetteville AR 72701 USA USDA Forest Serv Forest Prod Lab Madison WI 53726 USA

The main purpose of this study is to quantify and compare the embodied carbon (EC) from the materials used or designed to build the Adohi Hall, a residence building located on the University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville, AR. It has been constructed as a mass timber structure. It is compared to the same building design with a steel frame for this study. Based on the defined goal and scope of the project, all materials used in the building structure are compared for their global warming potential (GWP) impact by applying a life cycle assessment (LCA) using a cradle-to-construction site system boundary. This comparative building LCA comprises the product stage (including raw material extraction, processing, transporting, and manufacturing) plus transportation to the construction site (nodule A1-A4, according to standard EN 15804 definitions). In this study, GWP is primarily assessed with the exclusion of other environmental factors. Tally (R), as one of the most popular LCA tools for buildings, is used in this comparative LCA analysis. In this study, the substitution of mass timber for a steel structure with a corrugated steel deck and concrete topping offers a promising opportunity to understand the GWP impact of each structure. Mass timber structures exhibit superior environmental attributes considering the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq). Emissions per square meter of gross floor area for mass timber stand at 198 kg, in stark contrast to the 243 kg CO2 eq recorded for steel structures. This means the mass timber building achieved a 19% reduction in carbon emissions compared to the functional equivalent steel structure within the building modules A1 to A4 studied. When considering carbon storage, about 2757 tonnes of CO2 eq are stored in the mass timber building, presenting further benefits of carbon emission delays for the life span of the structure. The substitution benefit from this construction case was studied through the displacement factor (DF) quanti

关键词： whole-building LCA global warming potential displacement factor substitution benefit

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Dielectrophoretic and electrochemical impedance mapping of metastatic potential in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using inkjet-printed castellated microarray

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LAB ON A CHIP 2024年第18期24卷 4264-4274页

作者： Awad, Mohamad Fawzi Habli, Zeina Saleh, Sahera El-Sabban, Marwan Khraiche, Massoud L. Amer Univ Beirut Maroun Semaan Fac Engn & Architecture Biomed Engn Program Neural Engn & Nanobiosensors Grp Beirut 11072020 Lebanon Amer Univ Beirut Dept Anat Cell Biol & Physiol Fac Med Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon

The spread of metastatic cancer cells poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, making innovative approaches for early detection and diagnosis essential. Dielectrophoretic impedance spectroscopy (DEPIS), a powerful tool for cell analysis, combines dielectrophoresis (DEP) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) to separate, sort, cells and analyze their dielectric properties. In this study, we developed and built out-of-plane inkjet-printed castellated arrays to map the dielectric properties of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell subtypes across their metastatic potential. This was realized via modulating the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a marker associated with poor breast cancer prognosis and increased metastasis. We employed DEP-based trapping, followed by EIS measurements on bulk cell population, for rapid capture and differentiation of the cancer cells according to their metastatic state. Our results revealed a significant correlation between the various MDA-MB-231 metastatic subtypes and their respective dielectrophoretic and dielectric properties. Notably, cells with the highest metastatic potential exhibited the highest membrane capacitance 16.88 +/- 3.24 mF m-2, followed by the less metastatic cell subtypes with membrane capacitances below 14.3 +/- 2.54 mF m-2. In addition, highly metastatic cells exhibited lower crossover frequency (25 +/- 1 kHz) compared to the less metastatic subtypes (>= 27 +/- 1 kHz), an important characteristic for cell sorting. Finally, EIS measurements showed distinct double layer capacitance (CDL) values at 1 kHz between the metastatic subgroups, confirming unique dielectric and dielectrophoretic properties correlated with the metastatic state of the cell. Our findings underscore the potential of DEPIS as a non-invasive and rapid analytical tool, offering insights into cancer biology and facilitating the development of personalized therapeutic interventions tailored to distinct metastatic stages. A combined DEP-EIS (DEPIS) approach

关键词： Cell culture

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Systematic calibration procedure for CFRP sheets and rods strengthened RC T-beams by using RBSM

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MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 2023年第9期30卷 1913-1929页

作者： Purnomo, Joko Han, Aylie Yamakawa, Rito Gan, Buntara S. Diponegoro Univ Dept Civil Engn Semarang Indonesia Petra Christian Univ Dept Civil Engn Surabaya Indonesia Univ Diponegoro World Class Res Program Semarang Indonesia Nihon Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Architecture Koriyama Fukushima Japan Nihon Univ Coll Engn Dept Architecture Koriyama Fukushima Japan

In this study, a nonlinear 2D rigid body spring model (RBSM) was developed to verify the experimental works of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets and rods strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) T-shape beam (RC T-beam) section under a combination of bending and shearing loads. Modified Mohr-Coulomb criteria were adopted for modeling the plastic damage of concrete material. The orthotropic smeared layers representing the steel and CFRP materials were laminated on the concrete surface to model the reinforcing steel bars, stirrup steel, and CFRP sheets and rods. A mechanical behavior-based approach to fit the experimental results was discussed using the numerical results at each calibration stage. This study shows how the gradient of compressive and ultimate tensile strength of concrete affects the initial flexure behavior of the load-displacement curve of an RC T-beam. In contrast with finite element modeling, the RBSM can exhibit the crack propagation processes of element separation during the simulation. The calibrations showed the agreement of the models used in predicting the flexural behavior, ultimate load, and strengthening effects of the CFRP sheets and rods to the RC T-beam under bending loads. A systematic calibration procedure combined with the recommended use of energy-based criteria to evaluate the results of calibrated load-displacement curve was proposed.

关键词： Calibration CFRP strengthening experiment RBSM

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Urban clusters and land price variation in Jakarta, Indonesia

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JOURNAL OF PROPERTY RESEARCH 2024年第1期41卷 71-93页

作者： Gamal, Ahmad Khoirunisa, Risty Muhtadi, Iman Univ Indonesia Smart City Ctr Depok Indonesia Univ Indonesia Dept Architecture Depok Indonesia Univ Indonesia Postgrad Program Urban & Reg Planning Depok Indonesia

Jakarta's dynamism is impacted profoundly by the growing economic activity of urban agglomeration. The high intensity of urban economic activities has transformed the capital's spatial configuration with the emergence of concentrated commercial areas, so-called urban clusters. The agglomeration stimulated an increased demand for commercial property, raising the need for land parcels. Theoretically, various determinant attributes influence land value;one of them is the location aspect. Location was often measured using the distance calculation method despite the questionable accuracy of the current city spatial structure. This research analyzes a new location attribute by considering spatial design and configuration, specifically from the arrangement of the surrounding environments. This study quantifies the degree of clusterization of an area and finds its relation to land value. We found that spatial clusterization positively correlates to the land value by 0.172%, and clusterization creates real estate advantages by adding more value to the properties within the cluster.

关键词： Urban agglomeration spatial autocorrelation urban cluster land value location analysis

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Rome: The Game. Creating an online course as an interactive adventure game

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JOURNAL OF CLASSICS TEACHING 2024年第50期25卷 155-165页

作者： Moser, Claudia Thomas, Christian Univ Calif Santa Barbara Hist Art & Architecture Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Univ Calif Santa Barbara Writing Program Santa Barbara CA USA

In this article, we focus on the development of Rome: The Game - a large, lower-division online course crossed-listed in the History of Art and architecture Department and Writing program at the University of California, Santa Barbara - that features a choose-your-own-adventure-style interactive narrative. We explore the design principles underpinning the development of this type of gamified course, the mechanics of the course itself, student experiences, and learning outcomes. Citing relevant research in several fields - such as game studies, educational psychology, and communication studies - we argue that creating an online course in the style of an interactive, narrative-driven digital game presents a model for engaging and effective active learning in an online environment - one that goes beyond conventional virtual learning to offer an innovative, active, and deeply immersive model for online teaching.

关键词： archaeology choose-your-own-adventure Rome online learning interactivity

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The Optimal Proportion in Construction Quantity Analysis for Reinforced Concrete Structures of Detached Housing Projects 5th

The Optimal Proportion in Construction Quantity Analysis for...

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5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and architecture, ICCEA 2022

作者： Chaisaard, Nattasit Ngowtanasuwan, Grit Dougpan, Satawat Construction Management Program School of Management Science Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Nonthaburi11120 Thailand Construction Management Program Faculty of Architecture Urban Design and Creative Arts Mahasarakham University Maha Sarakham44150 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9789819940486

Reinforced concrete structures (RC structures) have been widely adopted for a long time, particularly in the widespread constructions of single detached houses. Nevertheless, quantity surveying (QS) to find out a proportion of RC usage per a unit of structural components such as concrete, reinforced steel, and formwork is still limited and inappropriately determined, particularly with only the use of existing numerical data to describe the statistical results in term of possible numerical ranges. The objective of this research is to study in detail an overview of the proportion values by assessing the proportion values in construction quantity analysis for RC structures of detached housing projects under construction. Hence, the researchers perform data collection, verification, and investigation, and classify the results into five groups as follows: (1) an average proportion of the lean concrete volume to a construction area versus that of the compacted sand volume to a construction area, (2) an average percent proportion of the concrete-beam volume to the total concrete volume versus that of the concrete-slab volume to the total concrete volume, (3) an average proportion of the concrete volume to a construction area, (4) an average proportion of the reinforced steel weight to the concrete volume and that of the reinforced steel weight to a construction area, (5) an average proportion of a formwork usage to the concrete volume versus that of a formwork usage to a construction area. Presumably, only a single mean value is insufficient for further consideration. Hence, using mean value ± standard deviation (SD) value together with a boxplot diagram can increase a level of confidence by displaying in graphic the data distribution through their quartiles and interquartile range (IQR) sections, covering more than 50% level of confidence based on basic statistical theory. And the value can be further applied more appropriately. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to

关键词： Housing

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