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HOUSING THEORY & SOCIETY 2023年第3期40卷 261-281页

作者： Dawkins, Casey J. Univ Maryland Natl Ctr Smart Growth Sch Architecture Planning & Preservat Urban Studies & Planning Program 3835 Campus Dr College Pk MD 20742 USA

This article provides a survey and critique of several arguments advanced to support the claim that gentrification is unjust. I describe eight distinct injustices have been linked to gentrification: deprivation, estrangement, erasure, domination, censure, exploitation, disrespect, and marginalization. Scholars seeking to provide a comprehensive account of the injustices associated with gentrification must contend with the plural and contested nature of gentrification-induced injustice, the pervasiveness of domination as a distinct form of injustice and a component or contributor to other forms of injustice, and the difficulty of accommodating individual and collective forms of injustice within a single conception of justice. Although landlords, property owners, developers, and gentrifiers share blame for inflicting the harms of gentrification, states ultimately have the moral obligation to rectify the injustices of gentrification through the establishment of policies and institutions that discourage unjust actions.

关键词： Gentrification justice displacement

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Investigating malignancy-dependent mechanical properties of breast cancer cells

Investigating malignancy-dependent mechanical properties of ...

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45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC)

作者： Habli, Zeina Zantout, Ahmad El-Sabban, Marwan Khraiche, Massoud L. AUB Biomed Engn Program Maroun Semaan Fac Engn & Architecture Beirut Lebanon AUB Dept Anat Cell Biol & Physiol Sci Fac Med Beirut Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324471

Cancer invasiveness significantly impacts cellular mechanical properties which regulate cell motility and, subsequently, cell metastatic potential. Understanding the adhesion forces and stiffness/rigidity of cancer cells can provide better insights into their mechanical adaptability related to their degree of invasiveness. Here, we used single-cell force spectroscopy in conjunction with quartz crystal microbalance-with dissipation measurements to compare the mechanical properties of mammary epithelial cancer cells with different metastatic potentials, namely MCF-7 (non-invasive) and MDA-MB-231 (aggressive and highly invasive). Our results showed that MCF-7 exhibits larger adhesion forces, stronger intercellular forces, and a considerably stiff/rigid phenotype, contrary to MDA-MB-231. The biomechanical properties obtained are associated with the malignant potential of these cells such that the forces of adhesion and viscoelasticity are inversely proportional to cell invasiveness. This study integrates a new quantitative tool with real-time measurements to provide better insights into the mechanics of cancer cells across metastatic stages.

关键词： Cancer cells

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Comparison of Wear Behavior of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and WC-CoCr Coating

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE 2025年第7期34卷 5652-5662页

作者： Ozkan, Dervis Gulec, Ahmet Oge, Mecit Ozgurluk, Yasin Binal, Gulfem Calis, Ibrahim Sunbul, Sefa Emre Kaplan, Mustafa Gok, Mustafa Sabri Ozbek, Yildiz Yarali Erdogan, Garip Yilmaz, Sefa Erdem Odabas, Okan Olgun, Elif Karaoglanli, Abdullah Cahit Bartin Univ Fac Engn Architecture & Design Mech Engn Dept TR-74110 Bartin Turkiye Sakarya Univ Appl Sci Karasu Vocat Sch Program Machine & Welding Technol TR-54500 Sakarya Turkiye Bartin Univ Vocat Sch Hlth Serv Program Med Serv & Tech TR-74100 Bartin Turkiye Bartin Univ Fac Engn Architecture & Design Met & Mat Engn Dept TR-74110 Bartin Turkiye Bartin Univ Cent Res Lab TR-74110 Bartin Turkiye Karadeniz Tech Univ Fac Engn Met & Mat Engn Dept TR-61080 Trabzon Turkiye Bilecik Seyh Edebali Univ Vocat Sch Met Program Dept Machinery & Met Technol TR-11210 Bilecik Turkiye Sakarya Univ Fac Engn Met & Mat Engn Dept TR-54187 Serdivan Sakarya Turkiye

Metallurgical slags can be re-evaluated depending on their structural properties for reuse in many industrial applications. This study investigated the possibility of reusing these slags as a commercial value. The results of benchmark research comparing the friction and wear behavior of basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) and commercial wear-resistant coating against an Al2O3 counter body under dry conditions are presented in this work. Reciprocating wear tests were carried out on WC-CoCr, and slag coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates under different loads and sliding speeds. The wear track surfaces were compared using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and a 3D optical profilometer for wear-depth and wear-loss measurements. As a result of the experimental studies carried out, it was observed that BOFS coatings exhibited an appealingly superior wear performance. The study results showed that coatings with BOFS content could be used as an alternative candidate coating material equivalent to the wear-resistant coatings used in commercial and industrial areas in terms of performance.

关键词： atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) WC-CoCr wear

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Spatial Syntax Analysis of the Evolution of the Water System and Garden Distribution Relationship in Suzhou: 13th-20th Centuries

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BUILDINGS 2023年第7期13卷 1703页

作者： Yun, Jiayan Liu, Huiyuan Tongji Univ Coll Architecture & Urban Planning Dept Landscape Architecture Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

In the present study, we used the axis model in the spatial syntax approach to analyze the evolution of the water system in Suzhou, China, from the 13th to the 20th centuries and its relationship with the distribution of gardens in the city. The distribution of the authoritative mainstream gardens appeared to be directly affected by the water system, and the gardens located in the areas with high water integration in each period were well preserved. From the 13th to the 17th centuries, gardens in areas with high water integration were all owned by the government and the class with social authority. This was consistent with the patterns for the hierarchical distribution of traditional urban space in China. However, in the 19th century, the gardens in areas with high water integration were owned by the class with social authority and the merchant class, reflecting characteristics different from the traditional pattern. The temple gardens in commercial areas with high water system integration were well preserved. Given the disruption of the surrounding water system, their original isolation from the water system was averted, turning them into public areas for social and public activities. In the 13th and 17th centuries, gardens located in areas with high and low water system integration took advantage of the surrounding water systems for landscaping, demonstrating the gardening principle according to local conditions. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the water system decreased sharply in many areas, and gardens built in areas with high water system integration were no longer thus situated. Traditional techniques for diverting water into gardens gradually disappeared. This study revealed that the preservation of gardens in Suzhou was largely due to the pattern of their distribution in the urban structure, and the gardens preserved to date have benefited from their location relative to the urban spatial structure of the 19th century. Private gardens, which embody

关键词： space syntax axis model water system garden distribution

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Industry Voices on Software Engineering Challenges in Dynamic Systems of Systems 11

Industry Voices on Software Engineering Challenges in Dynami...

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IEEE/ACM 11th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems and Software Ecosystems (SESoS)

作者： Heinrich, Jana Balduf, Florian Becker, Martin Adler, Rasmus Elberzhager, Frank Fraunhofer IESE Embedded Syst Engn Kaiserslautern Germany Fraunhofer IESE Program Manager Automot Syst Kaiserslautern Germany Fraunhofer IESE Architecture Centr Engn Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301748

In order to achieve the required change of systems with regard to sustainable development goals, systems from different sectors such as energy, agriculture, mobility, and production must be transformed, foremost in a digital way. The resulting systems are called Systems of Systems (SoSs). Software and systems engineering can make contributions to the necessary transformation of these systems. SoSs that are characterized by special dynamics (e.g., more frequent context changes) are referred to as dynamic SoSs (dynaSoS). Currently, there are still many open questions and challenges in their design and realization. In order to get an overview of these, in this paper we present a survey that was executed within the context of the project "DynaSoS". For this purpose, qualitative interviews were conducted with experts in software and SoS engineering from industry and academia. Based on the statements received, 36 challenges were grouped and prioritized in several workshops. This report provides an overview of ten central software engineering issues and research challenges in the realization of dynaSoS and aims to contribute to a better understanding of the application-oriented challenges facing industry.

关键词： Systems of Systems System of Systems Engineering DynaSoS Dynamic Systems of Systems Systems Engineering Sustainability Interviews Industry Voices

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Impacts of Local and Global Climate Change on the Thermal Performance of Social Interest Housing in Hot and Humid Climates

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： da Cunha, Luís Filipe Brasil Júnior, José Ary da Silva Sampaio, Athos de Oliveira Gonçalves, Eduarda Lorrany Sousa da Rocha Menezes, Leonardo Junior Barata, Márcio Santos Zemero, Bruno Ramos Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Para Brazil Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Para Brazil Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Para Brazil

Urban planning and changes in the physical-chemical conditions of space resulting from it in the built area affect the energy efficiency and thermal performance of buildings, as guided by energy performance guidelines. The absence of computational simulations that integrate the urban and building scales generates uncertainties in the data. Recent studies highlight differences in results when considering urban configurations. In this work, a methodology was developed for these integrated computational simulations, ensuring precise results regarding potential impact. Softwares Urban Weather Generator (UWG), Climate Change World Weather Generator (CCWWG) and ENVI-met program was used to simulate local and global climate changes, and for use as input in EnergyPlus to simulate thermal performance of a social housing. The results reveal a significant impact of the urban heat islands and global warming on the exterior thermal comfort and building performance, reducing habitability and requiring air conditioning almost all year round, in the future climates. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Integrating formal and informal transit into one hybrid passenger transport system in Lagos, Nigeria

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TRANSPORTATION 2021年第3期48卷 1361-1377页

作者： Alcorn, Louis G. Karner, Alex Univ Texas Austin Sch Architecture Grad Program Community & Reg Planning Austin TX 78712 USA

Informal minibus services dominate public transportation in Lagos, Nigeria. Local, state, and federal government entities in Nigeria have historically only been able to provide woefully inadequate formal transit systems. Informal transit has sprung up to fill this incredible demand. The cutthroat, individualistic grind of this system produces world-renowned problems of inefficiency, safety and, unreliability of urban transport in one of the world's most populated cities. Still, the lion's share of public transit trips in Lagos take place using informal services, which confer the benefits of dynamic transport that formalized mass transit generally cannot achieve. Government agencies preach the need for modernist, top-down imposition of bold, physical infrastructure projects and the eradication of the disorder associated with the informal system. This research takes a critical lens to the complex relationships at play in what currently embodies a competing, dual transit system rooted in institutional corruption. This analysis provides the groundwork for a potential collaborative relationship to develop in this place, leveraging the structural benefits of both the formal, ordered system and the informal system's adaptive nature and situated knowledges. From this analysis, this research recommends the cultivation of operator associations within the informal sector to form the predominant platform for which the government can forge this complementary relationship.

关键词： Informal transit Minibus Jitney Modernism Bus reform Africa

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The role of building mass configuration and material selection for mitigating the intensity of the urban heat island

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2024年 323卷

作者： Apritasari, Y. D. Indraprastha, A. Wonorahardjo, S. Inst Teknol Bandung Dept Architecture Doctoral Program SAPPK Jl Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Univ Agung Podomoro Architecture Program Jakarta Indonesia Inst Teknol Bandung Bldg Technol Res Grp SAPPK Jl Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The knowledge of urban heat island (UHI) mitigation for the materials and geometry of urban areas requires enrichment. This study compares to the thermal conditions on two different building mass configurations (Superblock and horizontal residential areas), that involve geometry aspect (density, orientation) and materials aspect (softscape, pavement, roof, wall). A surface urban heat island (SUHI) survey was conducted using Landsat thermal imagery, followed by ground surveys in selected areas. Data collected in both areas included air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and globe temperature area. The results show that the superblock configuration had a low SUHI intensity due to the proportional orientation of East-West-North-South (0.56-0.44) and large shading (average of 0.31 m(2)). In contrast, in the dense residential areas, the intensity of SUHI was high because the proportion of East-West walls was wider than North-South (0.8-0.2), and the shading was low (average of 0.15-0.16 m(2)). Fa & ccedil;ade and ground heating occurred owing to the use of heavy-weight materials, which was indicated in the thermal imagery, with a solar heating index in a vertical cluster mass configuration of 21.7 and a horizontal grid of 55.9. Convective cooling occurred in a vertical geometry because the buildings generated turbulence that removed warm air, whereas it did not occur in a horizontal geometry. The convective cooling index for the vertical cluster mass configuration was 0.62, whereas that for the horizontal grid configuration was 0.09. This indicates that regional planning must incorporate geometric and material considerations to control the urban thermal environments.

关键词： Building mass configuration Building material Urban heat island

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Virtual reality technology for learning detailed design in landscape architecture

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Discover Education 2024年第1期3卷 1-15页

作者： Ha, Jaeyoung Alrayyan, Kawthar Alam, M. M. Lekhon Landscape Architecture Program Virginia Tech 121 Burruss Hall 800 Drillfield Drive Blacksburg 24061 VA United States Department of Technology Systems East Carolina University Greenville 27858 NC United States

There is much interest in employing computer technology in design professions and education. However, few attempts have been made to apply immersive visualization technology to learn design details in landscape architecture. This study aims to illuminate how virtual reality (VR) technology helps students with design details in landscape architecture. Students were given a course project to create 3D models such as boardwalk structures located in residential pond areas. Based on their 3D models, we asked 16 research participants to answer survey questionnaires about the perception of realism, scale, and effectiveness of using computer technology in semi-immersive environments (e.g., monitor display-based) as opposed to fully immersive environments (e.g., VR head-mounted display-based). The results of our study showed that students had a higher realism in fully immersive environments compared to semi-immersive environments. In terms of perception of scale, participants perceived the height of the simulated model to be higher than they had anticipated in fully immersive environments. While there were no statistically significant findings regarding the effectiveness of design evaluation in the two modalities, students mentioned that VR technology can effectively assist in creating design details, as it provides them with a better understanding of the spatial characteristics of models. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： 3D modeling Architectural construction Design education Desktop-VR Scale perception Virtual reality (VR)

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Assessing thermal comfort for the elderly in historical districts and proposing adaptive urban design strategies: A case study in Zhenjiang, China

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LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第1期21卷 29-46页

作者： Li, Yingnan Zhang, Yuhan Wang, Yuedong Song, Zipeng Zhou, Zhicheng Ding, Lu Chen, Cen Jin, Xi Cheng, Yuning Southeast Univ Sch Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Dept Environm Design Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Purdue Univ Dept Comp Graph Technol W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Gachon Univ Dept Architectural Engn Seongnam Si 13120 Gyeonggi Do South Korea

Optimizing old urban areas is crucial, particularly in the context of urban aging. These areas typically have a high proportion of elderly residents and require special attention. Thermal comfort significantly influences the utilization of outdoor spaces, yet guidance for urban renewal and design regarding thermal environment improvement remains insufficient. This study focuses on Da Long Wang Xiang (DLWX), a historical district in Zhenjiang City, China, to assess the thermal comfort for the elderly and investigate the urban geometric characteristics that influence it. Both on-site meteorological measurements and numerical modeling were used to observe the variation in the microclimate, and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) was calculated for assessing the thermal comfort. The findings reveal that the elderly have a higher neutral thermal comfort value, exhibited greater tolerance to heat, and are more sensitive to cold compared to other age groups. Moreover, the factors affecting thermal comfort vary across different street orientations. In NW-SE-oriented alleys, the PET is significantly correlated with the width of alleys (W) and the building height-to-alley width ratio (H/W) in both summer and winter. In NW-SW-oriented alleys, PET is significantly correlated with H/W and the Sky View Factor (SVF) in these two seasons. This nuanced understanding emphasizes the necessity of tailored urban-renewal strategies, thereby contributing to the development of more sustainable and inclusive urban environments.

关键词： Urban renewal Microclimate Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) Low-rise areas ENVI-met

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