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Effect of Community-Based Total sanitation program with diarrhea Incidents in toddler at communities near rivers

Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 63卷 S349-S353页

作者： Purnama Sari Indah, Fenita Cardiah, Tita Rahmat, Azwar Sulandjari, Kuswarini Andiyan, Andiyan Hendayani, Nenden Departement of Public Health STIKes Widya Dharma HusadaTangerang Banten 15417 Indonesia Interior Design School of Creative Industries Telkom University West Java Bandung 40257 Indonesia Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program Faculty of Tarbiyah State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu Bengkulu Bengkulu 38211 Indonesia Agribusiness Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang West Java Karawang 41361 Indonesia Architecture Study Program Faculty of Science and Engineering Universitas Faletehan West Java Bandung 40266 Indonesia Digital Business Study Program Universitas Sali Al-Aitaam West Java Bandung 40287 Indonesia

The objective of this study was to determine the determinants between Community-Based Total Sanitation and the incidence of diarrhea in toddler at communities near rivers. This study used a quantitative approach with cross sectional design. The sample consisted of 76 mothers who have toddler with the sampling technique by accidental sampling. Primary data obtained directly from interviews using questionnaires and direct observation to respondents. The independent variable was Community-Based Total Sanitation which includes the behavior of open defecation, drinking water and food management, household waste management, and household waste water management. The results showed that only household wastewater management was significant with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p value 0,0000;OR 5,2), while, open defecation (p value 0.118), drinking water and household food management (p value 1,000), household waste management (p value 0,979) was not related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Toddlers in households with poor wastewater treatment were 5,2 times more likely to have diarrhea. The conclusion is household wastewater management was significant with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, so that innovative efforts are needed so that the community improves their waste management. This is useful for preventing the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers. © 2022

关键词： Sanitation

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Performance of Green Areas in Mitigating the Alteration of Land Surface Temperature in Urban Zones of Lima, Peru

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REMOTE SENSING 2025年第8期17卷 1323-1323页

作者： Cano, Deyvis Cacciuttolo, Carlos Rosario, Ciza Barzola, Renato Pizarro, Samuel Ramirez, Damaso W. Freitas, Marcos Bremer, Ulisses F. Univ Huanuco Acad Program Environm Engn Huanuco 10001 Peru Fed Univ Rio Grande Do Sul UFRGS Postgrad Program Remote Sensing PPGSR BR-91501970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Catholic Univ Temuco Dept Civil Works & Geol Temuco 4780000 Chile Univ Huanuco Acad Program Architecture Huanuco 10001 Peru Univ Nacl Toribio Rodriguez Mendoza Amazonas Ctr Invest Geomatica Ambiental CIGA Inst Invest Desarrollo Sustentable Ceja Selva INDE Chachapoyas 01001 Peru Univ Cient Sur Fac Ciencias Ambientales Ave Antigua Carretera PanamericanaKm 19 Villa Sal Lima 15842 Peru

Urbanization in large cities has altered the urban thermal balance, creating urban heat islands. In this context, green areas are crucial in regulating the urban climate. This study uses remote sensing data to evaluate their performance using the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and its impact on land surface temperature (LST) in Metropolitan Lima, Peru, between 1986 and 2024. The spatial and temporal relationship between FVC and LST is analyzed, and districts are classified based on their effectiveness in thermal regulation. The Mann-Kendall test was applied to identify trends along with a Spearman correlation analysis and a clustering analysis to group districts according to the cooling effectiveness of their urban green areas. The results show that urban expansion has increased LST by an average of 6.43 degrees C since 1990, and there is a significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) between FVC and LST, indicating positive impacts of vegetation regulating LST at a spatial level. However, it does not reduce LST at a temporal level. This suggests that, while effective locally, green areas are insufficient to counteract the overall warming of LST over time. Based on FVC and LST characteristics, the districts have been classified into four groups: those with well-preserved green areas, such as La Molina and San Isidro, which have a lower LST, compared to areas where urbanization has replaced vegetation, such as Carabayllo and Lurigancho (Chosica). Finally, this study highlights the importance of integrating green area management into urban planning to mitigate urban warming and promote sustainable development.

关键词： remote sensing urban thermal environment spatial correlation climate change sustainable development urban heat islands trend Mann-Kendall

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Life cycle assessment to produce LC3 cements with kaolinitic waste from the Amazon region, Brazil

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CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 2023年 18卷

作者： Arruda Junior, Euler Santos Braga, Nallyton Tiago de Sales Barata, Marcio Santos Fed Univ Para Postgrad Program Architecture & Urbanism Augusto Correa St 1 Belem Brazil

The present study was developed with the aim of determining the environmental impact of the production process (cradle-to-gate) of Limestone Calcined Clay Cements (LC3) produced with kaolinitic residues from the Brazilian Amazon, through a life cycle assessment (LCA). For this purpose, 6 LC3 mixtures were prepared from combinations of clinker, gypsum, and metakaolin: limestone filler in the ratios 2:1, 1.5:1 and 1:1, replacing 45% and 60% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The LC3 cements were compared with two cements already produced industrially. CO2 emissions associated with the transportation of raw materials to produce LC3 cements increased significantly, especially for the cements where 60% clinker was substituted, with CO2 emissions up to 2-3 times higher than for the reference cements. Despite that, LC3 cements showed a reduction in energy demand of up to 28% and total CO2 emissions of up to 38% compared to commercial cements. In this way, the conducted study demonstrates the high environmental potential of LC3 cements with kaolinitic residues from the Amazon region for reducing pollutant emissions in the manufacture of cement.

关键词： Life cycle assessment Kaolinitic residues Metakaolinite Amazon LC3

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A novel approach to estimate building electric power consumption based on machine learning method: toward net-zero energy, low carbon and smart buildings

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES 2024年第19期19卷 2335-2345页

作者： Alotaibi, Badr Saad Abuhussain, Mohammed Awad Dodo, Yakubu Aminu Al-Tamimi, Nedhal Maghrabi, Ammar Ojobo, Henry Naibi, Ahmad Usman Benti, Natei Ermias Najran Univ Coll Engn Architectural Engn Dept Najran 66426 Saudi Arabia Umm Al Qura Univ Custodian Two Holy Mosques Inst Hajj & Umrah Res Urban & Engn Res Dept Mecca Saudi Arabia Kaduna State Univ Fac Environm Sci Dept Architecture Kaduna Nigeria Istanbul Okan Univ Grad Sch Educ Dept Architecture Doctorate English Istanbul Turkiye Addis Ababa Univ Coll Computat & Nat Sci Computat Data Sci Program Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia

The modern era has witnessed a surge in energy consumption and its dependence on fossil fuels, which are harmful to the environment, prompting researchers to examine techniques for regulating energy usage in buildings, specifically with regard to residential electricity consumption. The pursuit of net-zero energy consumption and low carbon emission buildings is a significant undertaking that nations across the globe are actively endeavoring to accomplish. In order to accomplish this goal, the structure in question must efficiently oversee its overall energy usage while concurrently capitalizing on sustainable energy sources. The precise estimation of future electricity usage in buildings is an essential element in the process of energy efficiency planning and optimization. The present study introduces a soft computing methodology and data decomposition as approaches for evaluating the energy usage of residential structures. An innovative machine learning approach is introduced for the purpose of estimating the initial cost required to construct a green structure that consumes no net energy. By utilizing wavelet decomposition, it is possible to determine how to transform the structure into one that is intelligent and energy efficient. Following wavelet parallel converter analysis, the data were processed with an estimator model based on an ideal neural network. The results indicate that the mean estimation errors for recurrent neural network, Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA), and gene expression programming (GEP) were reduced by 72%, 65%, and 77%, respectively, using this method. Conversely, when the proposed methodology is applied to the smart management of building energy consumption, the examined structures experience an average reduction of 8% in energy consumption. Moreover, the outcomes of CO2 gas emissions demonstrate that the suggested model possesses the capability to accurately forecast CO2 emissions. The study highlights the n

关键词： energy consumption estimation recurrent neural networks residential building green building carbon emission

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The Impact of Climate Change on Construction Activity Performance

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BUILDINGS 2024年第2期14卷 372-372页

作者： Oruc, Sertac Dikbas, Huseyin Attila Gumus, Berkin Yucel, Ismail UiT Arctic Univ Norway Ctr Sami Studies N-9037 Tromso Norway Afyon Kocatepe Univ Fac Engn Dept Civil Engn TR-03200 Afyon Turkiye Istanbul Medipol Univ Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Construction Law & Management Program TR-34810 Istanbul Turkiye Istanbul Medipol Univ Fac Fine Arts Design & Architecture Dept Architecture TR-34810 Istanbul Turkiye Middle East Tech Univ Dept Civil Engn TR-06800 Ankara Turkiye

There are specific construction operations that require weather forecast data to make short-term decisions regarding construction;however, most resource-related decision making and all project management plans must be carried out to anticipate weather conditions beyond the capabilities of the currently available forecasting technologies. In this study, a series of single- and multi-risk analyses were performed with 9 km grid resolution over Turkiye using combinations of weather and climate variables and their threshold values which have an impact on the execution and performance of construction activities. These analyses will improve the predictability of potential delays, enable the project to be scheduled on a future-proof basis by considering the calculated normal and periodic predictions on the grid scale, and serve as a dispute resolution tool for related claims. A comprehensive case study showcasing the methodology and illustrating its application shows that the project duration is expected to be extended because of the impact of climate on both historical and future periods. While the original project duration was 207 days, when climate effects were considered, the optimum mean and median values increased to 255 and 238 days, respectively, for the historical period. The optimum duration mean and median change to 239 days by the end of the century, according to the SSP5-8.5 scenario, if the construction schedules consider climate change. The change in duration was mainly due to rising temperatures, which increased winter workability and reduced summer workability. However, if the historical practices are carried over to future schedules, the mean and median increase to 258 days and 244 days, respectively, which may cause unavoidable direct, indirect, or overhead costs.

关键词： climate change construction delay conflict dispute

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Unveiling the Formation Pathway of Vaterite from Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Using Metadynamics Simulations

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ACS OMEGA 2025年第17期10卷 17948-17959页

作者： Saito, Takumi Maruyama, Ippei Suda, Yuya Teramoto, Atsushi Kitagaki, Ryoma Ohkubo, Takahiro Chiba Univ Grad Sch Engn Chiba 2638522 Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Engn Dept Architecture Tokyo 1138656 Japan Nagoya Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Engn & Architecture Nagoya 4648601 Japan Univ Ryukyus Fac Engn Civil Engn Program Nishihara Okinawa 9030213 Japan Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Adv Sci & Engn Dept Architecture Hiroshima 7398527 Japan Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch Engn Div Human Environm Syst Sapporo 0608628 Japan

Calcium carbonate is a compound that is widely distributed throughout the Earth as a natural mineral and a material produced by biological activities. The crystal structure of calcium carbonate has three polymorphs: the most thermodynamically stable calcite, followed by aragonite and vaterite. Of the three crystalline phases, the formation process and structure of the most unstable, vaterite, remain mysterious. In this study, the pathway for forming the vaterite crystal structure from amorphous CaCO3 (ACC) is reproduced using well-tempered metadynamics molecular dynamics simulations. The structures sampled at multiple minima on the energy landscape are refined through first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The sampled structures are assigned space groups and classified as calcite- and vaterite-like structures according to the arrangement of CO3 2- and Ca2+ sheets. The initial crystal structure produced from ACC is a monoclinic crystal with Ca2+ sheets and CO3 2- lying in the interlayer;however, it does not exhibit the 3-fold symmetry of calcite. Calcite structures with 3-fold symmetry, or orthorhombic crystals with rotated CO3 2- units, as found in vaterite, can be derived from this structure. The orthorhombic structure then transitions to the more stable monoclinic form, which is likely vaterite. The understanding of phase transitions based on the diverse crystal structures of calcium carbonate revealed in this study provides a predictive view of biomineralization and carbonation reactions of cementitious materials.

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Impacts of Land Use Land Cover Changes and Climate Variability on Water Yield in the Dire and Legedadi Watersheds central Ethiopia

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WATER CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023年第1期8卷 14页

作者： Admasu, Simeneh Yeshitela, Kumelachew Argaw, Mekuria Ethiopian Inst Architecture Bldg Construct & City Addis Ababa Ethiopia GFA Consulting Grp Biodivers & Forests Program Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addis Ababa Univ Coll Nat Sci Ctr Environm Sci Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Water yield capacity assessment is critical for water management and ecosystem improvement. Using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, we assessed the effects of land use changes and climate variability on annual water yield in the Dire and Legedadi watersheds. The model was run using meteorological data, land use, soil depth, plant water content, and biophysical parameters. The impact of land use changes and climate variability was investigated by creating three scenarios: actual conditions, actual conditions with Land Use and Land Cover (LU/LC) remaining constant, and actual conditions without climate variability. The findings revealed that the total water yield in both watersheds has increased. The Legedadi watershed increased total water yield by 15.32% from 111.6 million m(3) (1149 mm) in 1995 to 131.8 million m(3)(1357.5 mm) in 2021;while, the Dire watershed increased total water yield by 32.5% from 259.5 million m(3)(1202 mm) in 1995 to 386.6 million m(3)(1790 mm) in 2021. The effect of climate variability on annual water yield was approximately 99.9% and 73.3% in the Legedadi and Dire watersheds, respectively;land use change was 0.01% and 26.7%. Despite its higher water yield, urban and agricultural land expansion may have an impact on water yield. As a result, participatory watershed management interventions that consider landscape patterns are required to optimize and maintain ecosystem services.

关键词： Ecosystem services InVEST Annual Water Production Landscape

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Beyond a garden: Alignment of Sustainable Development Goals with botanic gardens

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY 2024年 152卷

作者： Oruc, Nisa Erpamukcu Cahantimur, Arzu Ispalar Bursa Uludag Univ Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Program Architecture Gorukle Campus TR-16240 Bursa Turkiye Bursa Uludag Univ Fac Architecture Dept Architecture Gorukle Campus TR-16240 Bursa Turkiye

The United Nations' (UNs) 2030 "Sustainable Development Goals are a universal call to action to protect the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere." This requires much effort of in governmental policies along with public and private sector practices. With regard to this, BGs have a crucial role in bringing this vision of the future. Of the 17 SDGs, Target 15-Life on land is directly associated with the traditional work of botanic gardens (BGs). But other four goals (2-Zero hunger, 4-Quality education, 11-Sustainable cities and communities, 13-Climate action) are also worthy of review and analyze when considering BGs. They could meet the needs of both the local and global communities and are effective in shaping the future and promoting the 2030 goals. In this context, paying attention to the UN's global and inclusive call, this paper focuses on Eden Project, United Kingdom, Ecorium of National Institute of Ecology, South Korea and Konya Tropical Botanical Garden, Turkey. Missions of the projects rely on conservation, restoration, education and community engagement. They address several global concerns, including climate and biodiversity emergency. Aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent the selected BGs can contribute to the SDGs. Results underline BGs as a valuable input in decision making and policy action concerning environmental justice, equity, and inclusion that encourage transformative steps in achieving the SDGs.

关键词： Botanic gardens Sustainable Development Goals Global change Biodiversity conservation Environmental justice Social justice

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THE ACTUAL CONDITION AND ISSUES OF CURATORS SPECIALIZING IN architecture & HANDLING MATERIALS RELATED TO architecture AND URBAN SPACE IN MUSEUM − Through analysis of a list covering nationwide museums and questionnaire to municipal museum in Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2023年第72期29卷 1116-1121页

作者： Ishikawa, Ryota Ookawa, Yuuki Hatsuda, Kosei Graduate School of Engineering Architecture Program Kogakuin Univ Japan School of Architecture Dept. of Architectural Design Kogakuin Univ Japan

This research shows the actual condition and issues of curators specializing in architecture & handling materials related to architecture and urban space in museum through analysis of a list covering nationwide museums and questionnaires to municipal museums in Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa. In particular, we showed the current situation that curators in another field are in charge of outreach activities outside the museum and cultural property preservation work in addition to the usual work inside the museum, and the necessity of curators specializing in architecture & the possibility of multi-stage cooperation of architectural experts. © 2023 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： architecture

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Use of brick dust to optimise the dewatering process of hydrated lime mortars for conservation applications

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MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 2023年第3期56卷 1-19页

作者： Su-Cadirci, Tugce Busra Ince, Ceren Calabria-Holley, Juliana Ball, Richard J. Univ Bath Fac Engn & Design Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Bath BA2 7AY England Middle East Tech Univ Ctr Sustainabil Civil Engn Program Northern Cyprus CampusMersin 10 Guzelyurt North Cyprus Turkiye

The impact of dewatering on lime mortars modified using brick dust was studied, as it is of particular importance in conservation applications. Dewatering takes place when freshly mixed mortars come into contact with a porous substrate, such as brick or stone, during on site construction. Since the dewatering process between the mortar and its substrate can modify the mortar properties, understanding the dewatering process enables pozzolan-modified hydrated lime mortars to be optimised for the masonry units being bonded. Evaluation of the water transport kinetics on brick dust-hydrated lime binder systems demonstrated their more water releasing behaviour. Investigations of non-dewatered and dewatered specimens in the volume ratio of 1:1:2 (lime:brick dust:sand) showed that the addition of brick dust to lime mortar increased dewatering, which in turn led to greater compressive strength, carbonation depth, decreased porosity and depth of water penetration. These properties are of great importance in the conservation of historic masonry, as mortars that are too strong or possess low permeability can accelerate degradation. This study will enable identification of the most suitable mix designs thereby increasing the durability and prolonging the life of historic masonry.

关键词： Dewatering Water transport kinetics Disposal Hydrated lime Pozzolan Waste brick dust

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