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Book Review: Garden Neighborhoods of San Francisco: The Development of Residence Parks, 1905-1924

Journal of Planning History 2023年第2期23卷 159 - 162页

作者： Gordon Scholz Community and Regional Planning Program College of Architecture University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

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Evaluation of low-cost GNSS receivers for speed monitoring

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CASE STUDIES ON TRANSPORT POLICY 2022年第1期10卷 239-247页

作者： Barbosa, Luciano Aparecido Costa, Diogenes Cortijo de Oliveira, Henrique Candido Unicamp Univ Campinas Sch Civil Engn Architecture & Urban Design Dept Infrastruct & Environm Grad Program Civil Engn Sao Paulo Brazil

Accidents caused by exceeding the driving speed limit are one of the main reasons for premature deaths and permanent injuries worldwide. As such, the search for actions seeking to reduce traffic accidents or their severity becomes increasingly crucial as these accidents become more relevant. The objective of this work is to present a low-cost solution based on the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology for vehicle monitoring and detection of road sections where drivers exceed speed limits. This allows classifying roads by their driver's behavior, helping traffic authorities to manage these road sections. For this purpose, two devices were developed to measure GPS speed and to ensure the same tracking conditions for these devices. A fixing structure was built to accommodate the devices as well as a smartphone, which recorded the speedometer on video. Considering that the spatial data analysis showed no significant difference in speed measurements, the device can be chosen by the lowest cost. The comparison of measured speeds with devices in relation to speeds considered by traffic laws showed that device present values are closer to the vehicle speedometer (mainly at slower speeds). These results indicate that the sensation of speed difference on the part of the driver is considerable, and that tolerances established by the legislation need to be revised so as not to cause a feeling of impunity. Therefore, the use of low-cost GNSS receivers in automatic speed control and monitoring applications in road vehicles shows great potential. It is of great value especially on roads with tracking conditions similar to our experiments. This potential can be explored by educational measures to modify the road geometric designs where excesses are frequently identified.

关键词： Enforcement Speed Speed cameras Security Accidents

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Exploring the potential application of a custom deep learning model for camera trap analysis of local urban species

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LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第4期20卷 595-604页

作者： Park, Somin Cho, Mingyun Kim, Suryeon Choi, Jaeyeon Song, Wonkyong Kim, Wheemoon Song, Youngkeun Park, Hyemin Yoo, Jonghyun Seo, Seung Beom Park, Chan Univ Seoul Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Univ Seoul Dept Urban Planning & Design Seoul 02504 South Korea Dankook Univ Dept Environm Hort & Landscape Architecture Cheonan South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Univ Seoul Int Sch Urban Sci Seoul South Korea Univ Seoul Inst Urban Sci Seoul South Korea Gyeonggi Res Inst Suwon Gyeonggi South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smartcity Global Convergence Seoul South Korea

With increasing demands for biodiversity monitoring, the integration of camera trapping (CT) and deep learning automation holds significant promise. However, few studies have addressed the application potential of this approach in urban areas in Asia. 4064 CT images targeting 18 species of urban wildlife in South Korea were collected and used to fine-tune a pre-trained object detection model. The performance of the custom model was evaluated across three levels: animal filtering, mammal and bird classification, and species classification, to assess its applicability. A comparison with existing universal models was conducted to test the utility of the custom model. The custom model demonstrated approximately 94% and 85% accuracy in animal filtering and species classification, respectively, outperforming universal models in some aspects. In addition, recommendations regarding CT installation distances and the acquisition of nighttime data were provided. Importantly, these results have practical implications for terrestrial monitoring, especially focusing on the analysis of local species. Automating image filtering and species classification facilitates efficient analysis of large CT datasets and enables broader participation in wildlife monitoring.

关键词： Biodiversity monitoring Urban ecosystem Urban wildlife Transfer learning Image-filtering automation

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The Ideal Strategy of Carbon-Neutral for Park Landscape Design: A Proposal for a Rapid Detection Method

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2024年第18期14卷 8128-8128页

作者： Ou, Shengjung Chien, Yuchen Hsu, Cheyu Ning, Fuer Pan, Haozhang Chaoyang Univ Technol Dept Landscape & Urban Design Taichung 41349 Taiwan Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture Coll Art Design 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Chaoyang Univ Technol Dept Architecture Architecture & Urban Design Program Coll Design Taichung 41349 Taiwan

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the carbon footprint, resilience levels, and optimal landscape area ratios of various parks. Additionally, it explores the relationships between landscape element proportions (LEP), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), resilience indicators (RI), and the carbon reduction benefits associated with carbon neutrality (CN). Six parks were assessed for resilience, NDVI, LEP, and CN values, with Pearson correlation analysis conducted. The results revealed that parks with or without waterbodies exhibited ideal LEP area ratios of 6.5:2:1.5 (Softscape:Waterbody:Hardscape) and 8.3:1.7 (Softscape:Hardscape), respectively. Enhanced Softscape and reduced Hardscape proportions in parks correlated with increased NDVI and CN. NDVI exhibited a positive correlation with Softscape percentage and a negative correlation with Hardscape percentage. Conversely, CN demonstrated a negative correlation with Hardscape percentage and a positive correlation with Softscape percentage. Suggesting Softscape should constitute over 65%, and Hardscape should be under 15% in parks with water bodies. Waterless parks are advised to maintain a Softscape ratio exceeding 83% and a Hardscape ratio below 17%. Finally, the study extended to assess the LEP of 22 additional parks, validating the suitability of the ideal LEP area ratio.

关键词： carbon-neutral park life cycle assessment landscape element carbon footprint normalized difference vegetation index resilience index

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Fragility Curves for Low-Rise Residential Masonry Buildings in Low Seismicity Regions 5th

Fragility Curves for Low-Rise Residential Masonry Buildings ...

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Yalcinkaya, G. Ozge Celik, Oguz C. Istanbul Tech Univ ITU Grad Sch Earthquake Engn Program Struct Engn ARUP TR-34485 Istanbul Turkiye Istanbul Tech Univ ITU Dept Architecture Struct & Earthquake Engn Unit TR-34437 Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873140;9783031873126;9783031873119

Many low-rise residential masonry buildings were designed and constructed without seismic design criteria. Such buildings are generally safe under gravity loading unless uneven soil settlements take place under the building. Predicting the behavior of masonry structures under earthquake forces has always been complex due to their heterogeneity and brittleness. In recent years, seismic evaluation of masonry structures in the Groningen region has gained importance due to natural gas extraction that resulted in subsidence above the field. Using nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) curves, it can be probabilistically understood whether the structure would meet the performance targets at various intensity levels. This paper focuses on a 19th century, 2-story unreinforced brick masonry (UBM) building in Groningen which reflects the general typology of the region. LS-DYNA has been used as an useful computational tool in the 3D structural modeling and analyses. IDA and fragility curves are evaluated according to the Dutch earthquake code (NPR 9998R + C1), TYDRYK (The Earthquake Risk Management Guide for Historic Buildings in Turkey) 2017, and Eurocode 8. Considering the five earthquake records (Huizinge) in each direction, it is seen that the collapse prevention criterion proposed by the regulations (0.8-1.0% drift) is exceeded. The developed fragility curves suggest that the probabilities for each code-based performance level vary significantly. For example, as per EC8, the level of collapse prevention is reached when the spectral acceleration coefficient is 3 for a probability of exceedance of 48%. For the same coefficient, a probability of exceedance of 28% is obtained when TYDRYK 2017 is used.

关键词： Masonry Low-rise residential buildings Incremental dynamic analysis Fragility Low seismicity

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Urban recreation areas and climate change resilience: Hunter's Point South Park, New York City

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Discover Cities 2024年第1期1卷 1-20页

作者： Simais, Nur Korgavus, Bengi Graduate School of Applied Science Urban Design and Landscape Architecture Department Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Urban Design and Landscape Architecture Masters Program Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey

Urban areas experiencing the escalating impacts of climate change-induced disasters face challenges exacerbated by rapid urbanization and inadequate infrastructure. Despite more than four decades of warnings from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the actual outcomes of climate change remain more severe than anticipated, affecting millions of people annually. This study focused on resilience as a response to the detrimental effects of climate change, emphasizing its importance in urban design to address climate-related disasters. Specifically, the research centers on Hunter's Point South Park in Long Island City, New York, examining its design resilience in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. This study aimed to develop an updated resilience toolkit for the designated area using assessment tools from organizations such as the Resilience Alliance, the Rockefeller Foundation, A RUP, and UN-Habitat. The toolkit includes a comprehensive questionnaire derived from crucial elements of existing assessment tools, fostering a systems-thinking approach to resilience in urban studies. Stakeholder involvement is crucial, as this study advocates incorporating community input, local authorities, and the natural environment in project development. The objective is to achieve long-term sustainability, efficiency, and resilience by choosing durable materials, low maintenance greenery, and engaging stakeholders. Also, given the high urban population, health is essential for climate-resilient urban development, as mentioned throughout the study. Prioritizing health in urban resilience planning reduces adverse impacts and fosters adaptable communities. While encouraging further field studies and research, this study underscores the necessity of ongoing efforts to enhance climate change resilience and guide sustainable development decisions.

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Prospects and Constraints of Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) as Determination of Sea Boundaries in Indonesia

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EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC RESEARCH 2023年第4期49卷 444-451页

作者： Djunarsjah, Eka Nusantara, Candida A. D. S. Putra, Andika P. Wijaya, Riko A. Sianturi, Sehat S. Anantri, Nofal M. K. Kusumadewi, Difa Julian, Miga M. Bandung Inst Technol Fac Earth Sci & Technol Hydrog Res Grp Bandung Indonesia Bandung Inst Technol Sch Architecture Planning & Policy Dev Doctoral Program Urban & Reg Planning Bandung Indonesia

The determination of the maritime boundary is related to the selection of the tidal datum used in relation to the zero-depth reference. This research was conducted to determine the impact of the zero-depth reference that has been used, the Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS), against the zero-depth recommended by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), the Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT). Tidal data is obtained from BIG's tidal station processing, while the MLWS value data is obtained from a combination of analysis from the Hydrographic Office of Indonesia (Pushidros). Based on these data, it is found that 25 out of 37 tidal stations indicate that the LAT value is below the MLWS in its vertical position. This shows that sea boundary claims can potentially be shifted by changing the zero-depth reference from the original by switching from MLWS to LAT. Lastly, this study presents the benefits of implementing the vertical system reference recommended by the IHO, the LAT, as an international chart datum.

关键词： Maritime boundary MLWS LAT Vertical position International chart datum

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Housing preference shifting during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

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JOURNAL OF URBAN MANAGEMENT 2023年第3期12卷 268-283页

作者： Gamal, Ahmad Rohmah, Lailatul Muhyi, Mahdaniar Maulidini Univ Indonesia SMART CITY Ctr Depok 16425 Indonesia Univ Indonesia Master Program Urban & Reg Planning Depok 16425 Indonesia Univ Indonesia Fac Engn Dept Architecture Depok 16425 Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of people's lives, including housing. Research has argued that the economic impact of the pandemic includes stagnancy in the real estate markets. Similarly, Indonesian real-estate market players have reported declining demand for high-rise and dense multi-unit residential buildings in favor of landed houses during the pandemic. However, it has not yet included customers' perspective analysis, which raises a question of whether there has been a change in preferences for the types of housing caused by the pandemic. This paper aims to provide a scientific discourse on the topic using the explanatory quantitative method. The research sampled over 380 respondents from real-estate customers in 2020. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression calculations. The result suggests increases in the need to control living space affect respondents' housing preferences. Factors that affect this phenomenon include the fear of meeting people and the fear of recessions;which are the direct impacts of the pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Housing preferences Residential property

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Analysis based on fractal geometry of traditional housing facades: Afyonkarahisar traditional housing facade examples, Turkey

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APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022年第3期13卷 2489-2505页

作者： Okuyucu, Serife Ebru Bastas, Melek Sultan Afyon Kocatepe Univ Fine Arts Fac Dept Interior Architecture & Environm Design ANS Campus TR-03200 Afyon Turkey Afyon Kocatepe Univ Art & Design Interdisciplinary Masters Program TR-03200 Afyon Turkey

The study aims to analyse the fractal geometry of eight (eight) traditional housing facade planes, which were preserved facade originality and damaged (it is determined regarding window dimensions) in the historic urban centre of Afyonkarahisar. The scope of the study is the concept of fractal in the conceptual framework, fractal geometry and fiction, architectural and fractal fiction, explanation of the traditional Turkish housing definition and formation, determination of building tags in field survey, the box-counting method based on fractal fiction, evaluation of data and findings. The examples in this study have been selected from three-floor, pinnacle, and entrance facades in traditional housing within the "Urban Archeological Site" of the Afyonkarahisar. According to the traditional housing facades defined, the window space remained in its original state, and two different groups were identified, which was damaged originality. Two-dimensional front views of the eight samples in the two groups were drawn vectorially by taking the facade relievo. The fractal fiction between each other was analysed using the "box-counting method". The analysis of traditional housing facades preserved originality or which was damaged;originality was made according to the data obtained.

关键词： Historical urban texture Traditional housing facade Fractal geometry Box-counting methods Afyonkarahisar

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Carbon dioxide emission reduction potential for low income housing units based on photovoltaic systems in distinct climatic regions

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2022年第0期198卷 1440-1447页

作者： Taborianski, Vanessa Montoro Pacca, Sergio Almeida Armando Alvares Penteado Univ Ctr & Technol Grad P Paula Souza Ctr FATEC Victor Civita Dept Architecture & Urbanism Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sustainabil Grad Program Sao Paulo Brazil

Growing concern on climate change has supported technologies that reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The emission factor of the Brazilian grid electricity is low due to hydropower dominance. However, new hydropower plants have migrated to the Amazon region, with likely social and environmental consequences and rainfall shortage has demanded costly fossil fueled power plants. The grid's emission factor is increasing and new renewable energy alternatives such photovoltaic (PV) are one option to diversify the electricity mix. However, PV systems' efficiency in Brazil varies depending on the climatic region of its installation. This work evaluated the variance in CO2 emissions reduction of grid connected PV systems for low-income housing in different Brazilian climatic regions. The analysis was based on the PV system, installed in low-income housing projects. Electricity generation was determined through RETScreen and CO2 emission reductions were determined considering the emission factor of the national grid electricity. Variation of CO2 emission reductions among bioclimatic regions reached up to 12%. Therefore, PV systems should be adopted in all low-income housing projects in Brazil, regardless of their region, to reduce household's expenditures, CO2 emissions, and democratize the technology.

关键词： Energy policy Carbon dioxide emissions PV systems Low-income housing Climate change mitigation

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