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Victorian Structures: architecture, Society, and Narrative

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NINETEENTH-CENTURY CONTEXTS-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2022年第5期44卷 543-544页

作者： Handa, Rumiko Univ Nebraska Architecture Program Lincoln NE 68588 USA

"Victorian structures: architecture, society, and narrative."Nineteenth-Century Contexts, 44(5), pp. 543–544

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Visual Perception of the Built Environment in Virtual Reality: A Systematic Characterization of Human Aesthetic Experience in Spaces With Curved Boundaries

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PSYCHOLOGY OF AESTHETICS CREATIVITY AND THE ARTS 2024年第6期18卷 1043-1058页

作者： Elver Boz, Tugce Demirkan, Halime Urgen, Burcu A. ID Bilkent Univ Dept Interior Architecture & Environm Design Fac Art Design & Architecture Ankara Turkiye ID Bilkent Univ Fac Econ Adm & Social Sci Dept Psychol Ankara Turkiye ID Bilkent Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Interdisciplinary Neurosci Grad Program Ankara Turkiye ID Bilkent Univ Aysel Sabuncu Brain Res Ctr Natl Magnet Resonance Res Ctr UMRAM Ankara Turkiye

Visual perception of architectural spaces and human aesthetic experience in these spaces have recently received considerable interest in cognitive science. However, it has been difficult to construe a common understanding of aesthetic experience for architectural space, since different studies use different scales to measure aesthetic experiences. In this interdisciplinary study spanning cognitive science and architecture, we aim to provide an empirically driven systematic characterization of human aesthetic experience and investigate what aspects of the architectural spaces affect aesthetic experience. To this end, we manipulated various architectural variables including the shape of the curvilinear boundaries of architectural spaces as well as their size, light, texture, and color in virtual reality. We then had people evaluate these spaces by exhausting a large list of commonly used scales in the literature and applied principal component analysis to reveal the key dimensions of aesthetic experience. Our findings suggest that human aesthetic experience can be reduced to 3 key dimensions, namely familiarity, excitement, and fascination. Each of these dimensions are differentially affected by the various architectural variables revealing their differences. In sum, our study provides a comprehensive framework to characterize human aesthetic experience in virtual architectural spaces with curved boundaries.

关键词： aesthetic experience spatial cognition emotion environmental psychology virtual reality

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Cardiac Autonomic Control and Neural Arousal as Indexes of Fatigue in Professional Bus Drivers

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SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2022年第2期13卷 148-154页

作者： Lecca, Luigi I. Fadda, Paolo Fancello, Gianfranco Medda, Andrea Meloni, Michele Univ Cagliari Engn Labs CENTRALABS SS 554Km 4500 I-09042 Monserrato Italy Univ Florence Doctoral Program Clin Sci Florence Italy Univ Cagliari DICAAR Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Architecture Cagliari Italy Univ Florence Doctoral Program Clin Sci Largo Brambilla Italy

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15;p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta =-0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta =-0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta =-0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty. (c) 2022 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Autonomic nervous system Flicker fusion Heart rate control Mental fatigue Sleep disorders

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Identification of changes in the morphological space structure of Bandar Lampung City using overlay geographic information system analysis 1

Identification of changes in the morphological space structu...

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1st Universitas Lampung International Conference on Science, Technology and Environment, ULICOSTE 2020

作者： Ghazi, A.B. Fitra, H.A. Persada, Citra Urban and Regional Planning Study Program Department of Infrastructure and Regional Technology Institut Teknologi Sumatera Indonesia Architecture Study Program Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering University of Lampung Indonesia

Cities are developing due to population growth, socio-economic structure changes, technology and spatial interaction with its surroundings. "Bagian Wilayah Kota (BWK) C"or so-called "urban zone C"of Bandar Lampung municipality comprising districts of Sukarame, Tanjung Senang, and Way Halim is currently growing both internally and externally due to the development of Trans-Sumatera highway and Institute Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA). The dynamics of development and activities have caused a growing physical urban space, affecting the changes of urban structure directly. The current development in BWK C has been considered as unmanageable and potentially caused some problems in spatial plan in the future. To prevent the chaotic of spatial plan in the future, this study aims to identify the changes of urban structure in BWK C of Bandar Lampung municipality due to the internal and external development of its area. This study benefits in providing comprehensive standpoints about the process of urban structure changes based on urban activities so that city government could gain a systematic discourse of urban development which advantages in policymaking for spatial development in Bandar Lampung municipality in the future. This study conducted several analytical methods ranging from comparative analysis, spatial analysis, and hierarchical centrality index analysis. For data collection, this study applied secondary data survey and field work observation, using data from 2010 to 2016. The findings of this study reveal that the physical development in BWK C is getting compacted as its morphology changed from ribbon shaped city to octopus shaped city. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Geographic information systems

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Numerical Study and Geometrical Investigation of an Inclined Passive Wall Solar Chimney over the Ventilation Performance of an Attached Room

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING THERMOPHYSICS 2024年第1期33卷 73-94页

作者： Leao, M. R. Lorenzini, G. Claudino, T. M. Maia, C. B. Rocha, L. A. O. Isoldi, L. A. Estrada, E. S. D. Dos Santos, E. D. Fed Univ Rio Grande Grad Program Computat Modeling Rio Grande Brazil Univ Parma Dept Engn & Architecture Parma Italy Fed Univ Rio Grande Sch Engn Rio Grande Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais Dept Mech Engn Belo Horizonte Brazil Fed Univ Rio Grande Computat Sci Ctr Rio Grande Brazil

The present numerical work investigates by means of Constructal Design the influence of the geometry of an inclined passive wall solar chimney on the ventilation performance of an attached room. The main purpose is to maximize the mass flow rate of air in the chimney/attached room. The problem is subjected to two constraints: the chimney and room areas. Three degrees of freedom are investigated: the ratio between the exit and inferior bases widths of the chimney (W-e/W-g), the ratio between the width of the chimney inferior basis and the absorber wall height (W-g/H-a), and the ratio between the opening that connects chimney and room and the absorber wall height (H-i/H-a). It is considered unsteady, incompressible, free convective, turbulent flows in a two-dimensional domain. The finite volume method is used to solve the time-averaged equations of continuity, momentum and conservation of energy. For closure of turbulence, it is employed the k-e model. Results showed that the best geometric configuration led to a mass flow rate 5.7 times superior than the worst configuration, showing the importance of solar chimney desing in this problem. Moreover, a strong sensibility of the investigated ratios on the mass flow rate was noticed.

关键词： Solar chimneys

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Determining the relationships between climatic elements and thermal comfort and tourism activities using the tourism climate index for urban planning: a case study of Izmir Province Tourism climate index for urban planning

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THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2022年第3-4期147卷 1105-1120页

作者： Adiguzel, Fatih Sert, Elif Bozdogan Dinc, Yucel Cetin, Mehmet Gungor, Senay Yuka, Pakize Dogan, Ozlem Sertkaya Kaya, Efdal Karakaya, Kayhan Vural, Ercan Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli Univ Fac Arts & Sci Dept Geog Nevsehir Turkey Iskenderun Tech Univ Fac Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture Iskenderun Turkey Hatay Mustafa Kemal Univ Fac Arts & Sci Dept Geog Antakya Turkey Kastamonu Univ Fac Engn & Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture Kastamonu Turkey Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Inst Social Sci Dept Geog Kahramanmaras Turkey Istanbul Univ Fac Letters Dept Geog Istanbul Turkey Iskenderun Tech Univ Iskenderun Vocat Sch Dept Architecture & Urban Planning Program Map & Cadastre Iskenderun Hatay Turkey Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli Univ Vocat Sch Urgup Sebahat & Erol Toksoz Dept Travel Tourism & Entertainment Serv Program Cultural Heritage & Tourism Nevsehir Turkey Harran Univ Fac Arts & Sci Dept Geog Sanliurfa Turkey

The tourism climate index of local and international tourists, especially in summer, is determined using the thermal comfort relationship in the province of Izmir. The aim is to reveal the most suitable time and the most suitable area for tourism activities in Izmir Province. The temperature (maximum, minimum, and average) of 1960-2019, the relative humidity (minimum and average) from 39 meteorology stations, the precipitation (total and average), the sunshine duration (total), and the wind speed (average) data were studied and evaluated. The data obtained were arranged and transferred to the GIS (geographic information systems) environment. The inverse weighted average method-one of the interpolation methods-was used to estimate unknown points with the help of known points in the study area. The tourism climate index was used to determine the climatic comfort conditions of the province in terms of tourism to assess the effect of the climatic conditions on tourism. The tourism-based climatic comfort map of Izmir Province, which was obtained by using the average temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, and wind data, was presented in 7 categories: unfavorable, marginal, acceptable, good, very good, excellent, and ideal. The variety of tourism activities that could be done in these months also increased the importance of this period. The results obtained in this study are important in terms of developing the tourism strategy of Izmir Province. Making tourism-based climatic comfort conditions for all provinces that are important in terms of tourism will make a significant contribution to the tourism strategy of our country.

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Can We Retrofit Suburban Arterials? Analyzing the Walkability and Retrofit Potential of Four Toronto Region Corridors

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION 2023年第1期89卷 16-30页

作者： Hess, Paul Piper, Michael Sorensen, Andre Univ Toronto Dept Geog & Planning Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto John H Daniels Fac Architecture Landscape & Desig Urban Design Program Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Scarborough Dept Human Geog Scarborough ON Canada

Problem, research strategy, and findings The multilane arterial roadway is a central feature of post-World War II (WWII) suburbs that challenges efforts to create more transit-oriented regions. Retrofitting suburbs is an important planning goal, but research examining the urban form of arterials and their potential for transformation has been scarce. We analyzed four suburban corridors in the Toronto (Canada) region developed during different periods of suburbanization. We found that the walkability of corridors declined as modernist planning ideas were more fully implemented, and then walkability increased as new urbanist ideas began to influence planning in the 1990s. Over time, however, the retrofit potential declined across all corridors studied, with patterns of lots and development becoming ever more static. Understanding these patterns is important to developing successful strategies for retrofitting suburban arterials. Takeaway for practice Arterial roadway corridors present potential to bring transit-oriented, walkable urban places near large areas of automobile-dependent suburbs and should be a primary focus for retrofitting research and practice. We present here a set of metrics that rely on readily available data, are not complex to carry out, and produce mapping and visualization that is legible and allows comparison across corridors. We suggest that local governments should be routinely studying and evaluating the potential for retrofit and intensification of all such corridors within their jurisdiction. Planners should seek to develop approaches to managing future corridor development to permit greater adaptability in response to future economic, transportation, and climate changes and vulnerabilities.

关键词： retrofitting sprawl suburban corridors suburban form walkability

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Bayesian estimation of dissipation and sound speed in tube measurements using a transfer-function model

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Ziqi Xiang, Ning Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics School of Architecture Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

This study discusses acoustic dissipation, which contributes to inaccuracies in impedance tube measurements. To improve the accuracy of these measurements, this paper introduces a transfer function model that integrates diverse dissipation prediction models. Bayesian inference is used to estimate the important parameters included in these models, describing dissipation originating from various mechanisms, sound speed, and microphone positions. By using experimental measurements and considering a hypothetical air layer in front of a rigid termination as the material under test, Bayesian parameter estimation allows a substantial enhancement in characterization accuracy by incorporating the dissipation and sound speed estimates. This approach effectively minimizes residual absorption coefficients attributed to both boundary-layer effects and air medium relaxation. Incorporation of dissipation models leads to a substantial reduction (to 1%) in residual absorption coefficients. Moreover, the use of accurately estimated parameters further enhances the accuracy of actual tube measurements of materials using the two-microphone transfer function method. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inference engines

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Waiting for Regeneration: Temporalities of Gentrification in Izmir Ballikuyu Neighborhood

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JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2022年第4期37卷 1971-1995页

作者： Yilmaz, Ahenk Kurt, Ozgecan Zafer Yasar Univ Dept Architecture Univ Cad 37-39 TR-35100 Bornova Turkey Izmir Kavram Vocat Sch Interior Design Program Izmir Turkey

This paper explores the process of waiting in temporalities of gentrification in the case of Ballikuyu neighborhood. For Ballikuyu, which is one of the oldest districts at the center of Izmir, Turkey, local authorities portrayed a shiny future with a regeneration and development plan that they announced in 2014. Since then, oscillating between hope and despair, the residents of the neighborhood have been waiting for the implementation of this plan, under the pressure of displacement due to both gentrification and the gradual decay of their built environment. With a longitudinal research conducted between 2014 and 2021, this paper aims to get insights into the use of this process as a strategy by local authorities, into its effects on socio-spatial integrity of the built environment and into the potentials that it may hold for the residents. The research methodology depends on semi-structured interviews and site observations that expand over this time period, and integrated with the content analysis of social media posts and news on local newspapers. The study concludes that even though the prolonged waiting process weakens the residents' sense of agency, place attachment and energy for collective resistance, it is not a stagnant situation, but an active condition which perpetually compels the residents to develop new social and spatial tactics not only for solidarity and better communication, but also for re-appropriating a more livable environment.

关键词： Urban Regeneration Waiting Temporalities of gentrification Tactics Izmir

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Ieq Uniformity Improvement Using Fabric Air Dispersion System in the Stair-Type Lecture Hall Based on Cfd Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Choi, Seeun Kim, Jimin Kim, Handon Cho, Hyunsang Jang, Hyounseung Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul01811 Korea Republic of

As the importance of indoor environment quality (IEQ) increases, it is crucial to secure IEQ uniformity so that all occupants in stair-type lecture halls perform learning activities in a comfortable IEQ. Therefore, this study analyzed IEQ uniformity through a comprehensive analysis by influence factors, such as occupancy level or climate when using existing electric heat pump (EHP) systems. Also analyzed the improvement of IEQ uniformity when using a fabric air dispersion (FAD) system instead of EHP system, securing IEQ uniformity through air conditioning (AC) systems. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) result show that when the EHP system was used, the uniformity of the indoor air temperature (IAT), predicted mean vote (PMV), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in stair-type lecture halls, both in summer and winter, decreased as the occupancy level increased. On the other hand, when the FAD system was applied, the average for max difference of IAT, PMV, and CO2 in summer and winter decreased by more than 50% compared to the use of EHP system. Furthermore, levels that do not exceed the comfort level in the total area based on PMV increased by 15% in summer and 10% in winter. It is expected that it will contribute to the occupants’ well-being and the improvement of productivity and work performance in various types of building through the elaboration of the FAD system that is effective in securing IEQ uniformity. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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