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Impacts of rapid urbanization on spatial dynamics of land use-based carbon emission and surface temperature changes in the Semarang Metropolitan Region, Indonesia

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023年第2期195卷 259-259页

作者： Dewa, Dimas Danar Buchori, Imam Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Program Architecture & Urbanism Semarang Indonesia Univ Diponegoro Fac Engn Dept Urban & Reg Planning Semarang Indonesia

This study explores the relationship between carbon emission patterns and the land surface temperature (LST) changes due to the rapid urbanization in the Semarang Metropolitan Region (SMR), an Indonesian area that has experienced rapid urban growth compared to other urban areas. This research used the stock-difference and gain-loss methods to calculate carbon stocks and emissions. Then, band 6 on Landsat 5 TM (2008) and band 10 on Landsat 8 OLI (2013 and 2018) were used to calculate the LST changes. These results showed that the peri-urban area had a more significant change. The correlation between carbon emissions and an increased SMR temperature correlates to 0.646. This shows that the carbon emissions pattern promotes temperature dynamics in the SMR. Furthermore, this study proved the release of carbon emissions in line with LST dynamics spatially. In this case, this study proved that rapid urbanization in the SMR promotes both carbon emission and LST. Those changes are also affected by vegetation canopy availability and other activities. As a result, the government must prioritize spatial planning in the SMR to mitigate environmental change risk. In addition, the government must develop novel strategies to deal with a wide range of fast and unpredictable potential changes in the urban area and its surroundings.

关键词： Land use and land cover Urbanization Urban development Carbon emissions Land surface temperature

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Use of Language to Generate Architectural Scenery with AI-Powered Tools 20th

Use of Language to Generate Architectural Scenery with AI-Po...

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20th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures, CAAD Futures 2023

作者： Karahan, Hanım Gülsüm Aktaş, Begüm Bingöl, Cemal Koray Architectural Design Computing Graduate Program Istanbul Technical University Istanbul34367 Turkey Department of Architecture Altınbaş University Istanbul Turkey Department of Management in the Built Environment Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031371882

The quality of communication with a computer impacts how the designer performs during the design process. Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowers the designer by expanding the solution space using the expertise from previous knowledge. However, the developments in AI-powered design tools mainly focus on visual and spatial enhancements. In the last decade, AI-powered design tools mostly experimented with image transformation models (GANs) to provide fast insights to designers using learned experiences, simulations, or datasets. The studies on the design process using verbal language with the help of AI are limited. Therefore, designers’ capacity to communicate with intelligent machines would lead us to envision the future of AI-powered design tools. In design practice, designers develop individual and contextual studies through digital tools. This study investigates the process of architectural visual generation and verbal communication to describe architectural images by architecture graduates with prior experience or no experience in prior with Midjourney. The research focuses on the designers’ semantic language during the design process with the AI-powered tool and analysis of the verbal part of the communication. The results of this study show that participants’ first impressions of the image and how they express their impressions through description do not correspond with how Midjourney interprets those descriptions. Furthermore, architects’ image generation process using the tool is nonlinear. As architects develop a deeper understanding of changing modes of interactions, they are more likely to benefit from AI-powered tools as collaborative entities. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Improving the Bioremediation and in situ Production of Biocompounds of a Biodiesel-Contaminated Soil

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021年第2期68卷 210-225页

作者： Kreling, Naiara Elisa Simon, Viviane Fagundes, Victoria Dutra Thome, Antonio Colla, Luciane Maria Univ Passo Fundo UPF Fac Engn & Architecture FEAR Postgrad Program Civil & Environm Engn PPGEng Passo Fundo RS Brazil Univ Passo Fundo UPF Fac Engn & Architecture FEAR Grad Environm Engn Passo Fundo RS Brazil

We aimed to produce simultaneously biosurfactants and lipases in solid state fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger, followed by the use of the fermented media on the bioremediation of oily contaminated soil, in order to valuate agro industrial residuals and reduce the contamination. The biocompounds were produced using wheat bran and corncob (80:20), 5% of soybean oil and 0.5% of sugar cane molasses in SSF for 4 d, producing 4.58 +/- 0.69 UE of emulsifying activity and 7.77 +/- 1.52 U of lipolytic activity. This fermented media was used in the bioremediation of a 20% biodiesel contaminated soil, evaluating for 90 d microbial growth, contaminant degradation, and production of lipases and biosurfactants in soils. Six experimental strategies (natural attenuation;biostimulation + bioaugmentation + biocompounds;biostimulation + biosurfactant;biocompounds extract;biostimulation;adsorption of contaminant) were realized. The highest degradation of contaminant was verified in 90 d, of 74.40 +/- 1.76%, and the production of biosurfactants and lipases in situ in the soil was found in 30 d (6.02 +/- 0.24% of reduction in surface tension and 6.62 +/- 0.17 UL of lipid activity in soil) for the same experiment (biostimulation + bioaugmentation + biocompounds). The addition of biostimulation + biosurfactant promotes higher biodegradation (66.00 +/- 0.92%) of the contaminant than the biocompounds extract (59.58 +/- 0.34%). The use of a solid fermented culture medium containing both biocompounds was feasible for the treatment of contaminants, demonstrating the potential for environmental application without the need for purification processes.

关键词： Biosurfactant Surface tension Lipase Aspergillus niger Soil adsorption Natural attenuation

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Open space function in plaza area in Central Java Great Mosque 2

Open space function in plaza area in Central Java Great Mosq...

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2nd International Conference on Environment, Sustainability Issues and Community Development (INCRID)

作者： Hamdani, A. M. Suprapti, A. Rukayah, R. S. Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Study Program Architecture & Urban Sci Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah Indonesia

The plaza area at the Great Mosque of Central Java is a non-green open space of the Central Java Grand Mosque building complex. The Plaza area has an important role in the building, because the plaza area at the mosque is the first place we meet, and becomes the center of circulation and socio-religious activities for visitors. Thus, it is necessary to design a plaza area at the Grand Mosque of Central Java which considers all aspects. Open space has a role as a container that can accommodate certain activities of the community in certain areas, therefore open space has a contribution to be given to humans in the form of positive impacts. This research was conducted at the Grand Mosque of Central Java using qualitative-descriptive methods. This research focuses on studies in the plaza area of the Grand Mosque of Central Java in terms of open space functions. The results of this study, in the plaza area at the Great Mosque of Central Java, show that it has not fulfilled both as a general function of open space and an ecological function.

关键词： Earth (planet)

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Machine Learning Approach to IoT- Based Water Quality Monitoring 5

Machine Learning Approach to IoT- Based Water Quality Monito...

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5th IEEE Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability, ECBIOS 2023

作者： Chang, Chin-Chih Wei, Chi-Hung Lin, Min-Tien Hwang, Sz-Chwun John Chung Hua University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hsinchu Taiwan Chung Hua University Program in Engineering Science Hsinchu City Taiwan Chung Hua University Department of Landscape Architecture Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320978

Water resources are inevitable for human survival but untreated wastewater harms the environment. Thus, ongoing monitoring of water quality is necessary to identify pollution sources and prevent further damage. For such monitoring, an IoT water quality monitoring system was developed using Arduino technology to collect and transmit data to MQTT Brokers and store it in a database. The data is presented on a monitoring webpage. Three machine learning methods (Random Forest, ANN, and LightGBM) were used for backend analysis and prediction. LightGBM was found to have the highest prediction accuracy for NH3, pH, ORP, and temperature. The research contributes to reducing the need for frequent and costly data collection by using an IoT system for real-time monitoring and employing machine learning predictions to compensate for missing data. This approach provides a more efficient and effective method for analyzing and predicting water quality. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Climate Effects on Prairie Productivity Partially Ameliorated by Soil Nutrients and Plant Community Responses

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ECOSYSTEMS 2023年第5期26卷 983-999页

作者： Reed, Paul B. Assour, Hannah R. Okotie-Oyekan, Aimee Bailes, Graham T. Johnson, Bart R. Nelson, Aaron A. Pfeifer-Meister, Laurel Roy, Bitty A. Bridgham, Scott D. Inst Appl Ecol Corvallis OR 97333 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Biol Sci Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Oregon Environm Studies Program Eugene OR 97403 USA Univ Oregon Inst Ecol & Evolut Eugene OR 97403 USA Univ Oregon Dept Landscape Architecture Eugene OR 97403 USA

Net primary productivity (NPP) is a key ecosystem function of plant communities. Climate change is expected to affect NPP both directly and indirectly through associated edaphic and plant community factors. Changes in soil nutrients, plant species richness and/or functional group dominance may amplify or counteract direct climatic effects on NPP, and responses may differ above-versus belowground, making it challenging to predict the net effects on NPP. In this study, we manipulated temperature and precipitation at four sites spanning a latitudinal Mediterranean-climate gradient in the Pacific Northwest, USA, and measured aboveground, belowground, and total NPP responses in experimentally assembled prairie plant communities. Using structural equation models, we disentangled the direct effects of climate from its indirect effects through soil nutrient availability and plant community responses. We found that warming, primarily by reducing soil moisture (that is, drying), had a net negative effect on all aspects of NPP, but these negative effects were partially ameliorated by increasing nitrogen and phosphorus availability, as well as changes to the plant community. Specifically, warming, drying, and greater nutrient availability caused species richness to decline, leading to greater dominance by a restricted set of functional groups, which positively affected aboveground NPP. Furthermore, a shift from perennial grass to annual grass dominance increased the ratio of aboveground to belowground NPP. Our results demonstrate that the indirect effects of climate change can help partially buffer the negative direct effects on NPP in Mediterranean-climate prairies. However, increasing soil moisture limitation may still overwhelm the positive effects of such intermediary pathways.

关键词： climate change drought experimental warming net primary productivity Pacific Northwest prairies plant functional group dominance soil moisture soil nutrients species richness structural equation modeling

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Cultural Heritage Reconstruction: Case Study Photogrammetry Relief Kijang Sarabha Borobudur

Cultural Heritage Reconstruction: Case Study Photogrammetry ...

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International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS)

作者： Ferric Limano Lintang Widyokusumo Sri Rachmayanti Budsakayt Intarapasan Design Department Binus Graduate Program - Master of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Interior Design School of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Interior Architecture Program School of Architecture and Design King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331533243

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533250

Borobudur Temple, as a cultural heritage, experiences unavoidable damage from degradation, human activities, and disasters. These problems must be resolved by considering the form and value of Borobudur Temple for future generations. This research aims to reconstruct cultural heritage by focusing on the case study of the Kijang Sarabha relief at Borobudur Temple. Digital restoration has previously been conducted by the Borobudur Conservation Center using 3D photogrammetry laser scanning technology. This restoration effort will continue with the goal of sustainability. The research is practical in design and utilizes a black box process framework method, which consists of the following steps: inputting the 3D photogrammetry of the relief, analyzing literature, references, and documentation within the black box, and outputting the reconstructed deer relief object. The result of this research is a digital reconstruction of the Kijang Sarabha relief, which could serve as a recommendation for digital reconstruction processes for other cultural heritage objects. The techniques used not only rely on initial 3D photogrammetry data but also include 3D modeling techniques such as displacement mapping, pro cutter 3D, and texturing. This research can serve as a reference for further studies on the restoration and reconstruction of cultural heritage using 3D digital design technology.

关键词： Legged locomotion Visualization Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays Multimedia systems Lasers Documentation Cultural differences Sustainable development Photogrammetry

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3D Model AI Reconstruction Nusantara Building Based on Lalitavistara Borobudur Relief

3D Model AI Reconstruction Nusantara Building Based on Lalit...

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TVET Excellence & Development (ICTeD), International Conference on

作者： Ferric Limano Lintang Widyokusumo Sri Rachmayanti Budsakayt Intarapasan Design Department Binus Graduate Program - Master of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Interior Design School of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakart Indonesia Interior Architecture Program School of Architecture and Design King Mongkut‘s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331516413

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516420

This research aims to generate architectural design recommendations based on the visual reconstruction of the Lalitavistara reliefs from Borobudur, addressing the urgent need for building designs that retain the distinctive character of Nusantara architecture. The proposed design is intended for application in Ibukota Nusantara Indonesia, integrating smart city and green city approaches while featuring a unique visual style that incorporates historical artifacts. This need arises from the current trend of building designs in Ibukota Nusantara Indonesia, which predominantly adopt an international style and lack the unique elements of Nusantara architecture. To address this, the research adopts a project-based methodology, utilizing blueprints derived from reconstructed Lalitavistara relief panels, developed through 3D modeling and further enhanced by digital imaging with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The expected outcome of this study is to provide a method for designing buildings that showcase a distinctive Nusantara-Indonesian style, along with recommendations for a digital design workflow supported by AI to finalize 3D modeling visuals.

关键词： Visualization Three-dimensional displays Green buildings architecture Buildings Market research Stability analysis Cultural differences Artificial intelligence Image reconstruction

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Forest fire susceptibility assessment using google earth engine in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea

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GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK 2022年第1期13卷 432-450页

作者： Piao, Yong Lee, Dongkun Park, Sangjin Kim, Ho Gul Jin, Yihua Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture & Transdisciplinary Progra Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Cheongju Univ Dept Human Environm Design Cheongju Rep Congo Yanbian Univ Coll Agr Dept Landscape Architecture Yanji Peoples R China

Forest fires are one of the most frequently occurring natural hazards, causing substantial economic loss and destruction of forest cover. As the Gangwon-do region in Korea has abundant forest resources and ecological diversity as Korea's largest forest area, spatial data on forest fire susceptibility of the region are urgently required. In this study, a forest fire susceptibility map (FFSM) of Gangwon-do was constructed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and three machine learning algorithms: Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). The factors related to climate, topography, hydrology, and human activity were constructed. To verify the accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used. The AUC values were 0.846 (BRT), 0.835 (RF), 0.751 (CART). Factor importance analysis was performed to identify the important factors of the occurrence of forest fires in Gangwon-do. The results show that the most important factor in the Gangwon-do region is slope. A slope of approximately 17 degrees (moderately steep) has a considerable impact on the occurrence of forest fires. Human activity and interference are the other important factors that affect forest fires. The established FFSM can support future efforts on forest resource protection and environmental management planning in Gangwon-do.

关键词： Natural hazard Wildfire Google earth engine remote sensing machine learning

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Development of alginate and alginate sulfate/polycaprolactone nanoparticles for growth factor delivery in wound healing therapy

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BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY 2024年 175卷 116750-116750页

作者： Karam, Mia Faraj, Marwa Jaffa, Miran A. Jelwan, Joseph Aldeen, Kawthar Sharaf Hassan, Nadine Mhanna, Rami Jaffa, Ayad A. Amer Univ Beirut Maroun Semaan Fac Engn & Architecture Biomed Engn Program Beirut 11072020 Lebanon Amer Univ Beirut Fac Med Dept Biochem & Mol Genet POB 11-0236 Beirut POB11 Lebanon Amer Univ Beirut Fac Hlth Sci Epidemiol & Populat Hlth Dept POB 11-0236 Beirut Lebanon

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) holds great promise for enhancing the wound healing process;however, its clinical application is hindered by its low stability and the challenge of maintaining its effective concentration at the wound site. Herein, we developed novel double-emulsion alginate (Alg) and heparin-mimetic alginate sulfate (AlgSulf)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) for controlled CTGF delivery to promote accelerated wound healing. The NPs' physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and wound healing activity were assessed on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and a murine cutaneous wound model. The synthesized NPs had a minimum hydrodynamic size of 200.25 nm. Treatment of HaCaT and HDF cells with Alg and AlgSulf(2.0)/PCL NPs did not show any toxicity when used at concentrations <50 g/mL for up to 72 h. Moreover, the NPs' size was not affected by elevated temperatures, acidic pH, or the presence of a protein-rich medium. The NPs have slow lysozyme-mediated degradation implying that they have an extended tissue retention time. Furthermore, we found that treatment of HaCaT and HDF cells with CTGF-loaded Alg and AlgSulf(2.0)/PCL NPs, respectively, induced rapid cell migration (76.12% and 79.49%, P<0.05). Finally, in vivo studies showed that CTGF-loaded Alg and AlgSulf(2.0)/PCL NPs result in the fastest and highest wound closure at the early and late stages of wound healing, respectively (36.49%, P<0.001 on day 1;90.45%, P<0.05 on day 10), outperforming free CTGF. Double-emulsion NPs based on Alg or AlgSulf represent a viable strategy for delivering heparin-binding GF and other therapeutics, potentially aiding various disease treatments.

关键词： Wound healing Connective tissue growth factor Nanoparticles Alginate Alginate sulfate

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