Through the evaluation of advantages and limitations of 3D historic city models, this paper aims to analyze the contribution of those tools to the city history representation. One should overcome limitations such as i...
Through the evaluation of advantages and limitations of 3D historic city models, this paper aims to analyze the contribution of those tools to the city history representation. One should overcome limitations such as incomplete information, impediments to acknowledge hypotheses representations, intense labor requirements or difficulties to encourage a historical reflection. We argue that creative systems that are carefully planned towards history's thorough understanding are more effective than those applications which focus on the development of high quality images. Those issues are illustrated by the system prototype "Rio-H", which presents an alternative to communicate the history of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Purpose. Examine the influence of destinations within walking distance of a residence and vegetation on walking trips and. body mass index (BMI). Design. Cross-section at analysis of data from residences with varying ...
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Purpose. Examine the influence of destinations within walking distance of a residence and vegetation on walking trips and. body mass index (BMI). Design. Cross-section at analysis of data from residences with varying accessibility and greenness. Setting. Seattle, Washington. Subjects. Stratified random sample of residents, stratified by accessibility and greenness. Response rate: 17.5 %, 529 respondents. Measures. Accessibility and greenness were measured. objectively 1 1 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Network Analysis and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), respectively. Self-reported, destinations, natural features, walking trips, BMI, and importance of destinations were measured through a postal survey. Results. Objective accessibility were related to walking trips per month (r(2) = .110, p < 0001), as was subjective greenness (r(2) =.051, p <. 0001), although objective measures of actual greenness were not. In areas with high accessibility, BMI was lower in areas that had high NDVI, or more greenness (r(2) =.129428, model p <. 0001;t-test of interaction p = .0257). Low NDVI areas were associated with overestimation of the number of destinations within walking distance (F-1,F- (499) = 11.009, p = .001) Conclusions. Objective and subjective measurements of accessibility and greenness led to an understanding of variation, among walking hips and BMI in different neighborhoods.
One important role of project managers is to make decisions before, during and after the project execution. Most of the time, these decisions are neither straightforward nor easy to take and therefore, they require ca...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780415460590
One important role of project managers is to make decisions before, during and after the project execution. Most of the time, these decisions are neither straightforward nor easy to take and therefore, they require careful analysis and evaluation, which might require a tool such as simulation. In order to assess the right decisions simulation perhaps is the most sophisticated tool for project managers. This paper demonstrates the potentiality of object-oriented simulation models in making hard decisions on a complicated construction project. The project is located in King Faisal University campus in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. By analysing its structural system and its architectural components, this building can be divided into smaller segments. Thus, there are different ways of sequencing the construction of this building. Making a decision on the optimum sequence is very crucial. Simulating the construction process of the aforementioned building required careful data collection through field observations and interviews. The purpose of this data was to describe the logic and the inputs to the construction process that are necessary for model verification and validation. With a verified and validated model one can evaluate the different ways of sequencing the construction activities of this case study. Object-oriented simulation models are absolutely essential in simulating construction processes because they fit the nature and the requirements of such processes. Building a sound simulation model starts with careful understanding of objects, their classes and how they are interrelated with each other.
Mediterranean coastal areas possess great amount of historic and archaeological assets joined up with ecological and natural values. Many of these fragile environments were originally constructed on the dry-lands, whi...
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Mediterranean coastal areas possess great amount of historic and archaeological assets joined up with ecological and natural values. Many of these fragile environments were originally constructed on the dry-lands, which have been transformed into different environmental context with the evolution of coastal areas over centuries and millennia. Today, increased population and poorly planned coastal activities are conflicting with the conservation principles of these fragile environments. With this concern, the aim of this paper is to define a method for documentation and evaluation of values and problems in coastal archaeological heritage of Turkey. For this purpose, through the selected segment of Mediterranean coastal area, a group of protected archaeological sites will be analyzed in order to overview the groups of value and significance they possess, damages caused by natural processes, problems and stress aroused by coastal uses. In the final;assessments related to their current situation will be carried out so as to sustain "join-up thinking" towards their integrated management. The paper will be concluded with recommendations related to development of future strategies for the sustainability of these environments and their contribution into integrated management policies.
Quantification of natural ventilation rates is an important issue in HVAC system design. Natural ventilation in buildings depends on many parameters whose uncertainty varies significantly, and hence the results from a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780977170630
Quantification of natural ventilation rates is an important issue in HVAC system design. Natural ventilation in buildings depends on many parameters whose uncertainty varies significantly, and hence the results from a standard deterministic simulation approach could be unreliable. This study performed uncertainty analysis to predict natural airflow rates. The paper presents relevant uncertainty in model parameters such as meteorological data, building properties (leakage areas of windows, doors, etc.), etc Uncertainties of the aforementioned parameters were quantified based on data available from literature and on-site visits. The Monte-Carlo method with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was used for uncertainty propagation. The CONTAMW was chosen to simulate natural ventilation phenomena in a high-rise apartment building that is typical of residential buildings in Korea. It is shown that the uncertainty propagated through this process is not negligible and may significantly influence the prediction of the airflow rates. In the paper, the result of a sensitivity analysis is also addressed.
作者：
Hoeltje, S. M.Cole, C. A.Penn State Univ
Ctr Watershed Stewardship Dept Landscape Architecture University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ
Ctr Watershed Stewardship Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol University Pk PA 16802 USA
In the United States, the Clean Water Act requires mitigation for wetlands that are negatively impacted by dredging and filling activities. During the mitigation process, there generally is little effort to assess fun...
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In the United States, the Clean Water Act requires mitigation for wetlands that are negatively impacted by dredging and filling activities. During the mitigation process, there generally is little effort to assess function for mitigation sites and function is usually inferred based on vegetative cover and acreage. In our study, hydrogeomorphic (HGM) functional assessment models were used to compare predicted and potential levels of functional capacity in created and natural reference wetlands. HGM models assess potential function by measurement of a suite of structural variables and these modeled functions can then be compared to those in natural, reference wetlands. The created wetlands were built in a floodplain setting of a valley in central Pennsylvania to replace natural ridge-side slope wetlands. Functional assessment models indicated that the created sites differed significantly from natural wetlands that represented the impacted sites for seven of the ten functions assessed. This was expected because the created wetlands were located in a different geomorphic setting than the impacted sites, which would affect the type and degree of functions that occur. However, functional differences were still observed when the created sites were compared with a second set of reference wetlands that were located in a similar geomorphic setting (floodplain). Most of the differences observed in both comparisons were related to unnatural hydrologic regimes and to the characteristics of the surrounding landscape. As a result, the created wetlands are not fulfilling the criteria for successful wetland mitigation.
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