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A CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE RAPID ANTISHIP MISSILE INTEGRATED DEFENSE SYSTEM (RAIDS) PROTOTYPE

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 281-288页

作者： ROSSITTO, VS The Author:is an engineering duty officer currently assigned as an electronics research officer in the Tactical Electronic Warfare Division at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Va. LCdr. Rossitto received a B.S. in naval architecture from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1978 and an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1987. He has served as main propulsion assistant and damage control assistant on USSVogelgesang(DD-862) and as ASW officer on USSJohn Rodgers(DD-983). He is presently assigned as NSWC program manager for the Rapid Anti-Ship Missile Integrated Defense System (RAIDS) development.

The increasing capability and proliferation of the modern anti-ship missile (ASM) has significantly complicated shipboard terminal defense. Current tactics used to counter ASMs require extensive manual coordination of stand-alone terminal defense systems. RAIDS is a phased development initiative to improve the ability of surface combatants to perform anti-ship missile defense (ASMD) by providing coordination of existing terminal defense systems, integration and single point control of electronic warfare (EW) functions, and ship specific ASMD training. RAIDS is being rapidly prototyped at the Naval Surface Warfare Center for early fleet integration and will subsequently undergo full scale engineering development in two phases. The RAIDS prototype is an immediate response by the Navy's technical community to the needs of its operational forces and will demonstrate improved ASMD effectiveness with today's combat system. Despite an unusually compressed development period, the prototype is a functional representation of the system planned for fleet introduction in FY 93. RAIDS is by definition a non-traditional addition to today's naval combat system. Full exploitation of current technology is needed to satisfy performance requirements dictated by the stressing environment of modern ASMD. Through effective coordination of existing hardkill and softkill resources, the RAIDS prototype is the first step in the definition of a new standard for ASMD effectiveness. The operational concept definition process for RAIDS is evolutionary to accommodate fleet input during system development. Because of the tactical significance and innovation of this terminal defense integration, operational feedback from initial development tests is considered critical in refining the RAIDS design and operational concept. The prototype will provide the fleet with a broad range of improved capabilities which they will operationally exercise and evaluate at sea in late 1990.

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Predicting Glycerophosphoinositol Identities in Lipidomic Datasets Using VaLID (Visualization and Phospholipid Identification)-An Online Bioinformatic Search Engine

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BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014年第1期2014卷 818670-818670页

作者： McDowell, Graeme S. V. Blanchard, Alexandre P. Taylor, Graeme P. Figeys, Daniel Fai, Stephen Bennett, Steffany A. L. Univ Ottawa Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol Neural Regenerat Lab Ottawa ON K1H 8M5 Canada Univ Ottawa Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol Ottawa Inst Syst Biol Ottawa ON K1H 8M5 Canada Univ Ottawa Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol CIHR Training Program Neurodegenerat Lipid Ottawa ON K1H 8M5 Canada Carleton Univ Azrieli Sch Architecture & Urbanism Carleton Immers Media Studio Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

The capacity to predict and visualize all theoretically possible glycerophospholipid molecular identities present in lipidomic datasets is currently limited. To address this issue, we expanded the search-engine and compositional databases of the online Visualization and Phospholipid Identification (VaLID) bioinformatic tool to include the glycerophosphoinositol superfamily. VaLID v1.0.0 originally allowed exact and average mass libraries of 736,584 individual species from eight phospholipid classes: glycerophosphates, glyceropyrophosphates, glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, glycerophosphoglycerols, glycerophosphoglycerophosphates, glycerophosphoserines, and cytidine 5'-diphosphate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols to be searched for any mass to charge value (with adjustable tolerance levels) under a variety of mass spectrometry conditions. Here, we describe an update that now includes all possible glycerophosphoinositols, glycerophosphoinositol monophosphates, glycerophosphoinositol bisphosphates, and glycerophosphoinositol trisphosphates. This update expands the total number of lipid species represented in the VaLID v2.0.0 database to 1,473,168 phospholipids. Each phospholipid can be generated in skeletal representation. A subset of species curated by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training program in Neurodegenerative Lipidomics (CTPNL) team is provided as an array of high-resolution structures. VaLID is freely available and responds to all users through the CTPNL resources web site.

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THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SURFACE WARSHIPS

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Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1956年第3期68卷 565-567页

作者： KELLY, ROBERT L. THE AUTHOR graduated in 1946 from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture. He served in the Navy until discharged at which time he was employed by W. C. Nickum & Sons in Seattle Washington. In 1948 he joined the staff of the Scientific and Test Section of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard where he remained until 1950 when he reported to U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters to work in the Naval Engineering Section. Shortly after he joined the Preliminary Design Section of the Bureau of Ships where he remained until 1955 when he became Program Planner of Research and Development in Naval Architecture for the Bureau of Ships. Mr. Kelly was Secretary-Treasurer of the Chesapeake Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers from 1953–1955 and is presently Vice-Chairman of the group.

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Land cover and potential for tsunami evacuation in rapidly growing urban areas. The case of Boca Sur (San Pedro de la Paz, Chile)

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2022年 69卷

作者： Quense, Jorge Martinez, Carolina Leon, Jorge Aranguiz, Rafael Inzunza, Simon Guerrero, Nikole Chamorro, Alondra Bonet, Malcom Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Fac Hist Geog & Polit Sci Inst Geog Avda Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Santiago Chile Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria Dept Architecture Avda Espana Valparaiso 1680 Chile Univ Catolica Santisima Concepcion Dept Civil Engn Concepcion 4030000 Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Sch Engn Dept Construct Engn & Management Avda Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Santiago Chile Natl Res Ctr Integrated Nat Disaster Management C Avda Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Santiago Chile Inst Milenio Socio Ecol Costera SECOS ANID Millennium Sci Initiat Program Santiago Chile

The destructive potential of a massive tsunami is not only related to society's response capacity and evacuation plans, but also to the urban morphology and land cover. The Boca Sur neighborhood is one of the areas in central Chile that is most exposed to tsunamis, and it is framed in the context of increasing urban growth. Faced with the worst tsunami scenario (earthquake Mw = 9.0), residents' evacuation potential is analyzed by using a least-cost-distance model, and two scenarios of land cover change are considered (2002 and 2018). Presently, the sector's urban areas have grown by 83%, therefore its population has also grown. The evacuation times consider an average walking speed (1.22 m/s) for both years (2002 and 2018). This analysis establishes that over 40% of the study area is more than 60 min away from the safe zones established by authorities. This differs greatly from the 22-min average tsunami arrival time. Moreover, 19% of the area could not be evacuated in less than 30 min. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increased urbanization in the coastal area has not improved travel times, as urban planning did not consider the optimization of evacuation times to the designated safe zones. In this study, we propose new safe zones that would help reducing evacuation times to 30 min. In addition to the area's high tsunami risk, the evacuated population's strong travel time limitations are added, prioritizing the incorporation of social and urban resilience elements that help to effectively reduce the risk of disaster, by using land-use planning and community work.

关键词： Coast Urbanization Tsunami Evacuation Land-use planning Least-cost-distance model land cover

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A Ca²⁺/CaM-regulated transcriptional switch modulates stomatal development in response to water deficit

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2019年第1期9卷 12282-12282页

作者： Yoo, Chan YUl Mano, Noel Finkler, Aliza Weng, Hua Day, Irene S. Reddy, Anireddy S. N. Poovaiah, B. W. Fromm, Hillel Hasegawa, Paul M. Mickelbart, Michael, V Purdue Univ Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Dept Bot & Plant Pathol W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Tel Aviv Univ Fac Life Sci Sch Plant Sci & Food Secur IL-6997801 Tel Aviv Israel Colorado State Univ Dept Biol Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Program Cell & Mol Biol Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Washington State Univ Dept Hort Pullman WA 99164 USA Univ Calif Riverside Inst Integrat Genome Biol Dept Bot & Plant Sci Riverside CA 92521 USA

Calcium (Ca2+) signals are decoded by the Ca2+-sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) and are transduced to Ca2+/CaM-binding transcription factors to directly regulate gene expression necessary for acclimation responses in plants. The molecular mechanisms of Ca2+/CaM signal transduction processes and their functional significance remains enigmatic. Here we report a novel Ca2+/CaM signal transduction mechanism that allosterically regulates DNA-binding activity of GT2-LIKE 1 (GTL1), a transrepressor of STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1 (SDD1), to repress stomatal development in response to water stress. We demonstrated that Ca2+/CaM interaction with the 2nd helix of the GTL1 N-terminal trihelix DNA-binding domain (GTL1N) destabilizes a hydrophobic core of GTL1N and allosterically inhibits 3rd helix docking to the SDD1 promoter, leading to osmotic stress-induced Ca2+/CaM-dependent activation (de-repression) of SDD1 expression. This resulted in GTL1-dependent repression of stomatal development in response to water-deficit stress. Together, our results demonstrate that a Ca2+/CaM-regulated transcriptional switch on a trihelix transrepressor directly transduces osmotic stress to repress stomatal development to improve plant water-use efficiency as an acclimation response.

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Enhancing the effectiveness of heat adaptation strategies through citizen science-based outdoor thermal comfort

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Heliyon 2024年第21期10卷 e39413页

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Bae, Chaeyoung Ko, Se Yean Won, Ji Eun Lee, Jae Hong Paio, Yong Lee, Dong Kun Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Seongnam Research Institute 46 Dallaenae-ro Sujeong-gu Gyeonggi-do Seongnam-si South Korea Carbon-Neutral Strategy Institute Inc 103 Hyundai ESA2 122 Banpodaero Seocho-gu Seoul 06647 South Korea Suwon Climate Change Education Center 46-38 Homaesil-ro Gwonseon-gu Gyeonggi-do Suwon-si South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Yanbian University College of Geography and Ocean Sciences Hunchun 133300 China Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea

Urbanization and intensifying climate change expose populations in cities to escalating heat stress and associated health risks. Mitigating these challenges require comprehensive assessments that combine quantitative and qualitative data to develop effective heat wave response strategies and policies. Previous research has primarily focused on thermal sensation measured by individual biometrics within specific locations. However, limitations in data collection across large areas often lead to the neglect of the influence of diverse urban environments. This may disregard the importance of regional variations and citizen engagement in formulating effective heat wave mitigation strategies. This study explored the impact of heat wave frequency and intensity across various urban spatial types and assessed thermal sensation vote (TSV) among residents of Suwon City using a citizen science approach. Temperature measurements and subjective heat sensations were collected over a three-year period using homemade temperature sensors. The analysis investigated thermal sensation differences across spatial types—open high rise, open low rise, compact mid-rise, urban park, and lake park—utilizing boxplots, and examined TSV variations by age using the R program localized smoothing methodology. Results indicate significant variations in TSV across different urban areas, particularly when temperatures exceeded 32 °C. The TSV was highest in the lake park areas (average thermal sensation vote +3.5) and was comparatively lower in the open high-rise and open low-rise areas (average thermal sensation vote +2.0). A significant age-related trend was observed, with the highest TSV reported by the 19–30 age group. Heat sensitivity appeared to decrease among participants aged 41 and over. These findings highlight the limitations of traditional top-down heatwave response strategies, which may not adequately account for spatial variations and individual experiences. Conversely, a bottom-up approac

关键词： Citizen sensor Climate change Crowdsourcing data Living lab Qualitative evaluation Urban heat exposure

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Optimal Energy-Saving in Smart Energy Hub Considering Demand Management

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES 2022年第1期26卷 1244-1256页

作者： Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Candra, Oriza Mubarak, Ihsan Ali Braiber, Hassan Taher Ali, Muneam Hussein Muda, Iskandar Sivaraman, R. Iswanto, A. Heri Udayana Univ Fac Engn Dept Architecture Bali Indonesia Univ Negeri Padang Dept Tekn Elekt Padang Indonesia Univ Mashreq Baghdad Iraq Al Mustaqbal Univ Coll Accounting Dept Babylon Iraq Al Nisour Univ Coll Baghdad Iraq Univ Sumatera Utara Dept Doctoral Program Fac Econ & Business Medan 20222 Indonesia USU Campus Jl Prof TM Hanafiah 12 Medan Indonesia Univ Madras Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav Coll Dept Math Chennai India Univ Pembangunan Nas Vet Jakarta Fac Hlth Sci Dept Publ Hlth Jakarta Indonesia

This study focused on energy saving in energy hub system using smart grid technologies and management of the energy demand. The two-layer energy management is proposed for implementing energy saving. In first layer, energy demand such as electrical, thermal and natural gas are optimized subject to optimal level of the demand at day-ahead. Then, optimized energy demand is applied in second layer to reduction energy generation costs. The optimization of the proposed approach is done by shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), and results at several case studies to confirmation of the proposed approach are investigated.

关键词： Energy saving energy hub system smart grid technologies two-layer energy management shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA)

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Mapping Utility Poles in Aerial Orthoimages Using ATSS Deep Learning Method

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SENSORS 2020年第21期20卷 6070.-6070.页

作者： Gomes, Matheus Silva, Jonathan Goncalves, Diogo Zamboni, Pedro Perez, Jader Batista, Edson Ramos, Ana Osco, Lucas Matsubara, Edson Li, Jonathan Marcato Junior, Jose Goncalves, Wesley Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul Fac Engn Architecture & Urbanism & Geog BR-79070900 Campo Grande MS Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul Fac Comp Sci BR-79070900 Campo Grande MS Brazil Univ Western Sao Paulo Postgrad Program Environm & Reg Dev BR-18067175 Presidente Prudente Brazil Univ Waterloo UW Dept Geog & Environm Management Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Waterloo UW Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Mapping utility poles using side-view images acquired with car-mounted cameras is a time-consuming task, mainly in larger areas due to the need for street-by-street surveying. Aerial images cover larger areas and can be feasible alternatives although the detection and mapping of the utility poles in urban environments using top-view images is challenging. Thus, we propose the use of Adaptive Training Sample Selection (ATSS) for detecting utility poles in urban areas since it is a novel method and has not yet investigated in remote sensing applications. Here, we compared ATSS with Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) and Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection (RetinaNet ), currently used in remote sensing applications, to assess the performance of the proposed methodology. We used 99,473 patches of 256 x 256 pixels with ground sample distance (GSD) of 10 cm. The patches were divided into training, validation and test datasets in approximate proportions of 60%, 20% and 20%, respectively. As the utility pole labels are point coordinates and the object detection methods require a bounding box, we assessed the influence of the bounding box size on the ATSS method by varying the dimensions from 30x30 to 70x70 pixels. For the proposal task, our findings show that ATSS is, on average, 5% more accurate than Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet. For a bounding box size of 40x40, we achieved Average Precision with intersection over union of 50% (AP50) of 0.913 for ATSS, 0.875 for Faster R-CNN and 0.874 for RetinaNet. Regarding the influence of the bounding box size on ATSS, our results indicate that the AP50 is about 6.5% higher for 60x60 compared to 30x30. For AP75, this margin reaches 23.1% in favor of the 60x60 bounding box size. In terms of computational costs, all the methods tested remain at the same level, with an average processing time around of 0.048 s per patch. Our findings show that ATSS outperforms other methodologies and is suitable for developi

关键词： object detection convolutional neural network utility pole detection

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A random forest ranking approach to predict yield in maize with uav-based vegetation spectral indices

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2020年 178卷 105791-105791页

作者： Marques Ramos, Ana Paula Osco, Lucas Prado Garcia Furuya, Danielle Elis Goncalves, Wesley Nunes Santana, Dthenifer Cordeiro Ribeiro Teodoro, Larissa Pereira da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio Capristo-Silva, Guilherme Fernando Li, Jonathan Rojo Baio, Fabio Henrique Marcato Junior, Jose Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo Pistori, Hemerson Univ Western Sao Paulo Postgrad Program Environm & Reg Dev Rodovia Raposo TavaresKm 572 BR-19067175 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil Univ Western Sao Paulo Fac Engn & Architecture & Urbanism Rodovia Raposo TavaresKm 572 BR-19067175 Presidente Prudente SP Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul Fac Engn Architecture & Urbanism & Geog Av Costa e Silva BR-79070900 Pioneiros MS Brazil Univ Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul Rodovia Graziela Maciel BarrosoKm 12 BR-79200000 Aquidauana MS Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul Dept Agron Rodovia MS 306Km 305Caixa Postal 112 BR-79560000 Chapadao Do Sul MS Brazil Univ Catolica Dom Bosco Inovisao Av Tamandare 6000 BR-79117900 Campo Grande MS Brazil Univ Estado Mato Grosso Dept Geog Av Ingas 3001 BR-78555000 Sinop MT Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul Fac Comp Av Costa e Silva BR-79070900 Pioneiros MS Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso Postgrad Program Agron Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil Univ Waterloo Dept Geog & Environm Management Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Random Forest (RF) is a machine learning technique that has been proved to be highly accurate in several agricultural applications. However, to yield prediction, how much this technique may be improved with the adoption of a ranking-based strategy is still an unknown issue. Here we propose a ranking-based approach to potentialize the RF method for maize yield prediction. This approach is based on the correlation parameter of individual vegetation indices (VIs). The VIs were individually ranked based on a merit metric that measures the improvement on the Pearson's correlation coefficient by using RF against a baseline method. As a result, only the most relevant VIs were considered as input features to the RF model. We used 33 VIs extracted from multispectral UAV-based (unmanned aerial vehicle) imagery. The multispectral data were generated with two different sensors: Sequoia and MicaSense;during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, respectively. Amongst all the evaluated indices, NDVI, NDRE, and GNDVI were the top three in the ranking-based analysis, and their combination with RF increased the maize yield prediction. Our approach also outperformed other known machine learning methods, like support vector machine and artificial neural network. Additive regression, using the RF as the base weak learner, provided a higher accuracy with a correlation coefficient and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 0.78 and 853.11 kg ha(-1), respectively. We conclude that the ranking-based strategy of VIs is appropriate to predict maize yield using machine learning methods and data derived from multispectral images. We demonstrated that our approach reduces the number of VIs needed to determine a high accuracy and relative low MAE, and the approach may contribute to decision-making actions, resulting in accurate management of maize fields.

关键词： Precision agriculture Multispectral images Shallow learner Random Forest

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Genomic and phenotypic analysis of Vavilov's historic landraces reveals the impact of environment and genomic islands of agronomic traits

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2017年第1期7卷 4816-4816页

作者： Plekhanova, Elena Vishnyakova, Margarita A. Bulyntsev, Sergey Chang, Peter L. Carrasquilla-Garcia, Noelia Negash, Kassaye von Wettberg, Eric Noujdina, Nina Cook, Douglas R. Samsonova, Maria G. Nuzhdin, Sergey V. Peter Great St Petersburg Polytech Univ Dept Appl Math St Petersburg Russia All Russian NI Vavilov Inst Plant Genet Resources Fed Res Ctr St Petersburg Russia Univ Calif Davis Dept Plant Pathol Davis CA 95616 USA Univ Southern Calif Program Mol & Computat Biol Dornsife Coll Letters Arts & Sci Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Florida Int Univ Dept Biol Sci Miami FL 33199 USA Florida Int Univ Int Ctr Trop Bot Miami FL 33199 USA Univ Southern Calif Sch Architecture Los Angeles CA USA

The Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), in St. Petersburg, Russia, houses a unique genebank, with historical collections of landraces. When they were collected, the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of most crops closely reflected their historical patterns of cultivation established over the preceding millennia. We employed a combination of genomics, computational biology and phenotyping to characterize VIR's 147 chickpea accessions from Turkey and Ethiopia, representing chickpea's center of origin and a major location of secondary diversity. Genotyping by sequencing identified 14,059 segregating polymorphisms and genome-wide association studies revealed 28 GWAS hits in potential candidate genes likely to affect traits of agricultural importance. The proportion of polymorphisms shared among accessions is a strong predictor of phenotypic resemblance, and of environmental similarity between historical sampling sites. We found that 20 out of 28 polymorphisms, associated with multiple traits, including days to maturity, plant phenology, and yield-related traits such as pod number, localized to chromosome 4. We hypothesize that selection and introgression via inadvertent hybridization between more and less advanced morphotypes might have resulted in agricultural improvement genes being aggregated to genomic 'agro islands', and in genotype-to-phenotype relationships resembling widespread pleiotropy.

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