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THE SHIP CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPROVEMENT BOARD - A STATUS-REPORT

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 39-46页

作者： WILLIAMS, S The Author received an undergraduate degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan. He then worked briefly for SEA-LAND on the SL-7 containership program before starting in the early stage ship design group at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC). After spending several years designing surface combatants he received a masters in ship technology from the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. Since 1975 he has been the Design Integration Manager of the T-ARC 7 and MCM ships (SEA 50122). He led the team performing the preliminary design of the LHD-1. He was recently selected as Deputy Director Ship Characteristics and Improvement Board Staff OP 03C1.

On 7 September 1982, Admiral W.N. Small, the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, signed a memorandum establishing the Ship Characteristics and Improvement Board (SOB). This ended months of deliberation between the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), Naval Material Command (NAV-MAT), and the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) on how ship characteristics should best be developed and approved for both ship acquisition and fleet modernization programs. Admiral Small's guidance was: “With the advent of the SCIB, we have the opportunity to clarify and discipline our approach to both new ship design as well as the evolution of military characteristics of existing platforms. The goal is to eliminate in so far as is possible turbulence, technical defects and the perceived lack of Fleet Modernization program (FMP) focus.” By tracing the history of characteristics decision making for naval ship programs, this paper establishes the foundation of the present SCIB. Organizational elements of the SOB, including the functions of its permanent staff and working groups, are explained and the recent track record of the SCIB on various programs is reviewed. Based on its first full year of operation, an overall assessment of SOB performance and a projection of future efforts is made.

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Topographic change and sediment transport on Maeshima Tombolo tidal flat

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020年第1期933卷

作者： S Kato I Kuritani T Tabata R Nakamura T Okabe Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan Nakanihon Engineering Consultants Co. Ltd. Nagoya Aichi 460-0003 Japan Civil Engineering Program Department of Engineering Niigata University Niigata Niigata 950-2181 Japan

For the management of the tidal flat environment and the preservation of several important functions of the tidal flat, the accurate topographic monitoring is indispensable. However, the appropriate measurement of the tidal flat topography is very difficult because water level changes every moment due to tidal oscillation, and the accountable time for the measurement is limited within several hours under low tide condition. In this study, topographic measurement of tidal flat using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was conducted 5 times over a year, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) obtained by UAV photogrammetry (UAV-DEM) of the tidal flat was constructed in each measurement. The area of 400m in the land-island (L-I) direction and 100m in the west-east (W-E) direction was set on the developed UAV-DEM to analyze the short-term topographical changes (2 weeks including typhoon events, half year and year). By the influence of typhoon passing, sand on the tidal flat was transported from east to west obviously within typhoon event. However, after the topographic change due to the typhoon event, the sand moved opposite direction. By the estimation of the sand volume on the tidal flat using UAV-DEM, it was found that the change of the volume was quite small in one year. These results indicate that the sand volume on this tidal flat is mostly preserved although active sand transport occurs on the tidal flat.

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National Academies report has broad support

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NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017年第4期35卷 304-306页

作者： Vincelli, Paul Jackson-Smith, Douglas Holsapple, Michael Grusak, Michael A. Harsh, Matthew Klein, Theodore Lambert, James Lange, B. Markus Lodge, David M. McCluskey, Jill Murphy, Angus Neuhouser, Marian L. Pray, Carl Weller, Susan Sustainable Agr Res & Educ Program SARE Lexington KY 40546 USA Univ Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA Ohio State Univ Rural Sociol Soc Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Sch Environm & Nat Resources Columbus OH 43210 USA Michigan State Univ Soc Toxicol CRIS E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr E Lansing MI 48824 USA Baylor Coll Med USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr Crop Sci Soc Amer Houston TX 77030 USA Baylor Coll Med Dept Pediat Houston TX 77030 USA Concordia Univ Soc Social Studies Sci Montreal PQ Canada Concordia Univ Ctr Engn Soc Montreal PQ Canada Soc Vitro Biol & Meristemat Inc San Francisco CA USA Soc Risk Anal Charlottesville VA USA Univ Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Washington State Univ Phytochem Soc North Amer Pullman WA 99164 USA Washington State Univ Inst Biol Chem Pullman WA 99164 USA Cornell Univ Ecol Soc Amer Ithaca NY USA Cornell Univ Atkinson Ctr Sustainable Future Ithaca NY USA Washington State Univ Sch Econ Sci Pullman WA 99164 USA Univ Maryland Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture College Pk MD 20742 USA Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr Amer Soc Nutr & Canc Prevent Program 1124 Columbia St Seattle WA 98104 USA Rutgers State Univ Int Consortium Appl Bioecon Res New Brunswick NJ USA Rutgers State Univ Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ New Brunswick NJ USA Entomol Soc Amer Lincoln NE USA Univ Nebraska State Museum Lincoln NE 68588 USA

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U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY'S NEW YARD PATROL CRAFT: FROM CONCEPT TO DELIVERY.

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Naval Engineers Journal 1987年第1期99卷 37-58页

作者： Compton, Roger H. Chatterton, Howard A. Hatchell, Gordon McGrath, Frank K. Roger H:. Compton is a Webb graduate who since 1966 has been a part of the naval architecture faculty at the U.S. Naval Academy. Since accepting the appointment to the Academy he has been instrumental in establishing the ABET accredited major program in naval architecture in the conceptual design and operation of the Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory and in the conceptual design of the 108-ft yard patrol craft. Besides his Naval Academy involvement he serves as an adjunct professor with Virginia Polytechnic Institute in its NAVSEA Institute graduate program at Crystal City. He is an active member of both ASNE and SNAME and has published technical papers with both societies. Howard A. Chatterton:began his career as a Navy coop student at the Boston Naval Shipyard in 1960. He received his bachelor's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966 and his master's degree in 1968. He was employed by the Preliminary Design Division of BuShips in the submarine design and hydrofoil design groups until 1972 when he joined the Coast Guard's Naval Engineering Division. He remained with the Design Branch until 1981 when he accepted a faculty position at the U.S. Naval Academy as the research director for the Academy's hydromechanics laboratory. He has recently returned to Coast Guard Headquarters as the assistant chief Naval Architecture Branch Office of Merchant Marine Safety. Gordon Hatchell:is a naval architect at the Naval Sea Combat Systems Engineering Station Norfolk Virginia in the Combatant Craft Engineering Department. He served as lead-ship YP project engineer from its inception to delivery and continues to serve as project coordinator on follow-up ship procurements. He has worked on other boat procurements as well as serving as weight and stability coordinator. Mr. Hatchell began his engineering career in the Design Division at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth Virginia after receiving a BS in civil engineering from Virginia Polytec

The design of the new 108-ft yard patrol craft (YPs) for the U. S. Naval Academy is described from its beginnings as a senior midshipman design project, through its preliminary and contract design development at the U. S. Navy's small craft design team headquarters, Naval Sea Combat Systems Engineering Station, Norfolk, Virginia (NAVSEACOMBAT-SYSENGSTA-Norfolk). During preliminary and contract design the Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory (NAHL) provided experimental data to support NAVSEA-COMBATSYSENGSTA-Norfolk's design analyses in powering, seakeeping, and maneuvering. Several tradeoff studies of interest to patrol craft designers are presented. Major events in the detail design and construction of the first boat are described from both the designer's and the shipbuilder's points of view. The launching, builder's and sea trials of the first boat are described.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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Applying fuzzy functions and sequential coordination to optimization of machinery arrangement and pipe routing

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 43-54页

作者： Wu, BC Young, GS Schmidt, W Choppella, K Dr. Bi-Chu Wu:received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1991. She has worked on projects involving naval architecture design optimization solid mechanics and database development. Presently a senwr engineer with Angle Incorporated Dr Wu's research interests are in design optimization and fuzzy logic applications. Dr. Gin-Shu Young: a senior engineer with Angle Incorporated holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park. As a guest researcher with National Institute of Standards and Technologies from 1990 to 1993 he worked on vision-based navigation for autonomous vehicles. His experience also includes applications of optimization fuzzy logic neural network and genetic algorithm methods to engineering system design Mr. William Schmidt:co-founded Angle Incorporated in 1990 and has served as Vice PresidentlChiefScientist during this tame. He holds a B.Sc. in Applied Science from the Naval Acadt?my and an M.Sc. in Physics from the Naval Post Graduate School. He has cner 20 years experience in technical leadership material and personnel management. He has led the application of computer aided design (CAD) and Product Model Information Exchange to the shipbuilding industry. His experience also includes leading the amlication of model based operational analysis to support the Live Fire Test Program for DDG 51 Class Destroyers. Mr. Krishna M. Choppella:is a Sofware Engineer at Eidea Laboratories Incotporated where he works on componentbased distributed enterpvise frameworks. He has been involved in creating data analysis tools for the US Nay by integrating CAD modeis databases and graphical front ends. His work in the Masters degree program in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin was in di0ddase.r spectroscopy of combustion products in porous-matri burners. He received his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering in India. He was a Research Associate at the Centre for Laser Technology and Project Engi

Ship design is often multidisciplinary involving several design elements with various types of objectives and constraints (O/C) some easily described as mathematical formulas, others better modeled as descriptive assertions. This paper describes a method based on fuzzy functions and an integrated performance index to model O/C using descriptive assertions to be used with mathematical formulas in optimization. Another issue addressed in this paper concerns the coordination of design elements when sequentially coupled, that is, when one leads the other and the performance of the follower depends greatly on the design of the leader. Based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, the method described here coordinates and optimizes sequentially coupled elements. The two methods are applied to machinery arrangement (MA) and pipe routing (PR). Preliminary models for optimization of MA and PR are described considering convenience, producibility: engine room size, interference and location as factors in the O/C set. Some test results from MA/PR applications are presented and discussed. The methods are generic and can be extended to other elements in ship design. They are mutually independent and may be used separately Two advantages of their use are an improvement in overall performance and a reduction in the need for redesign of elements.

关键词： Optimization

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Co-designing Indus Water-Energy-Land Futures

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ONE EARTH 2019年第2期1卷 185-194页

作者： Wada, Yoshihide Vinca, Adriano Parkinson, Simon Willaarts, Barbara A. Magnuszewski, Piotr Mochizuki, Junko Mayor, Beatriz Wang, Yaoping Burek, Peter Byers, Edward Riahi, Keywan Krey, Volker Langan, Simon van Dijk, Michiel Grey, David Hillers, Astrid Novak, Robert Mukherjee, Abhijit Bhattacharya, Anindya Bhardwaj, Saurabh Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad Thambi, Simi Muhammad, Abubakr Ilyas, Ansir Khan, Asif Lashari, Bakhshal Khan Mahar, Rasool Bux Ghulam, Rasul Siddiqi, Afreen Wescoat, James Yogeswara, Nithiyanandam Ashraf, Ather Sidhu, Balwinder Singh Tong, Jiang Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Schlosspl 1 A-2361 Laxenburg Austria Univ Oxford Oxford Univ Ctr Environm Sch Geog & Environm Oxford England Global Environm Facil Int Water Program Washington DC USA United Nations Ind Dev Org Energy Dept Vienna Austria Indian Inst Technol Dept Geol & Geophys Kharagpur W Bengal India Celestial Earth Gurgaon India Ctr Climate Modelling Energy & Resources Inst New Delhi India Univ Kashmir Dept Earth Sci Srinagar India Minist Environm Forests & Climate Change New Delhi India Lahore Univ Management Sci Ctr Water Informat & Technol Lahore Pakistan Mehran Univ Engn & Technol US Pakistan Ctr Adv Studies Water Jamshoro Pakistan Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev Mt Environm Reg Informat Syst Kathmandu Nepal MIT Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Cambridge MA 02139 USA MIT Dept Architecture 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA TERI Sch Adv Studies Dept Nat Resources New Delhi India Govt Punjab Planning & Dev Dept Lahore Pakistan Chandigarh Univ Dept Civil Engn Gharuan Punjab India Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Geog Sci Inst Disaster Risk Management Nanjing Peoples R China

The Indus River Basin covers an area of around 1 million square kilometers and connects four countries: Afghanistan, China, India, and Pakistan. More than 300 million people depend to some extent on the basin's water, yet a growing population, increasing food and energy demands, climate change, and shifting monsoon patterns are exerting increasing pressure. Under these pressures, a "business as usual'' (BAU) approach is no longer sustainable, and decision makers and wider stakeholders are calling for more integrated and inclusive development pathways that are in line with achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we propose an integrated nexus modeling framework co-designed with regional stakeholders from the four riparian countries of the Indus River Basin and discuss challenges and opportunities for developing transformation pathways for the basin's future.

关键词： Indus co-design water future energy food nexus integrated nexus modeling Sustainable Development Goals SDGs partnership capacity building

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The metabolites urobilin and sphingomyelin (30:1) are associated with incident heart failure in the general population

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ESC HEART FAILURE 2019年第4期6卷 764-773页

作者： Stenemo, Markus Ganna, Andrea Salihovic, Samira Nowak, Christoph Sundstrom, Johan Giedraitis, Vilmantas Broeckling, Corey D. Prenni, Jessica E. Svensson, Per Magnusson, Patrik K. E. Lind, Lars Ingelsson, Erik Arnlov, Johan Fall, Tove Uppsala Univ Dept Med Sci Mol Epidemiol & Sci Life Lab EpiHubbenMTC Huset S-75185 Uppsala Sweden Massachusetts Gen Hosp Analyt & Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Stanley Ctr Psychiat Res Cambridge MA 02142 USA Karolinska Inst Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat MEB Stockholm Sweden Karolinska Inst Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS Div Family Med & Primary Care Stockholm Sweden Uppsala Univ Dept Med Sci Uppsala Sweden George Inst Global Hlth Sydney NSW Australia Uppsala Univ Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci Geriatr Uppsala Sweden Colorado State Univ Prote & Metabol Facil Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Karolinska Inst Dept Clin Sci & Educ Dept Cardiol Sodersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden Uppsala Univ Dept Med Sci Cardiovasc Epidemiol Uppsala Sweden Stanford Univ Sch Med Dept Med Div Cardiovasc Med Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Stanford Cardiovasc Inst Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ Stanford Diabet Res Ctr Stanford CA 94305 USA Dalarna Univ Sch Hlth & Social Studies Falun Sweden

Aims We aimed to investigate whether metabolomic profiling of blood can lead to novel insights into heart failure pathogenesis or improved risk prediction. Methods and results Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling was performed in plasma or serum samples from three community-based cohorts without heart failure at baseline (total n = 3924;341 incident heart failure events;median follow-up ranging from 4.6 to 13.9 years). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the association of each of the 206 identified metabolites with incident heart failure in the discovery cohorts Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) (n = 920) and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) (n = 1121). Replication was undertaken in the independent cohort TwinGene (n = 1797). We also assessed whether metabolites could improve the prediction of heart failure beyond established risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid medication, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication, glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, and myocardial infarction prior to or during follow-up). Higher circulating urobilin and lower sphingomyelin (30:1) were associated with incident heart failure in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models in the discovery and replication sample. The hazard ratio for urobilin in the replication cohort was estimated to 1.29 per standard deviation unit, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.03-1.63), and for sphingomyelin (30:1) to 0.72 (95% CI 0.58-0.89). Results remained similar after further adjustment for established heart failure risk factors in meta-analyses of all three cohorts. Urobilin concentrations were inversely associated with left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline in the PIVUS cohort (beta = -0.70, 95% CI -1.03 to -0.38). No major improvement in risk prediction was observed when adding the top 2 metabolites (C-index

关键词： Biomarkers Metabolomics Heart failure Risk prediction Epidemiology

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Inclusive conservation and the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Tensions and prospects

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ONE EARTH 2022年第3期5卷 252-264页

作者： Raymond, Christopher M. Cebrian-Piqueras, Miguel A. Andersson, Erik Andrade, Riley Schnell, Alberto Arroyo Romanelli, Barbara Battioni Filyushkina, Anna Goodson, Devin J. Horcea-Milcu, Andra Johnson, Dana N. Keller, Rose Kuiper, Jan J. Lo, Veronica Lopez-Rodriguez, Maria D. March, Hug Metzger, Marc Oteros-Rozas, Elisa Salcido, Evan Sellberg, My Stewart, William Ruiz-Mallen, Isabel Plieninger, Tobias van Riper, Carena J. Verburg, Peter H. Wiedermann, Magdalena M. Univ Helsinki Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Biol & Environm Sci Ecosyst & Environm Res Program Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Agr & Forestry Dept Econ & Management Helsinki Finland Swedish Univ Agr Sci Dept Landscape Architecture Planning & Management Alnarp Sweden Univ Gottingen Dept Agr Econ & Rural Dev Gottingen Germany Stockholm Univ Stockholm Resilience Ctr Stockholm Sweden North West Univ Unit Environm Sci & Management Potchefstroom South Africa Univ Florida Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat Gainesville FL USA Univ Illinois Dept Recreat Sport & Tourism Champaign IL USA IUCN European Reg Off Brussels Belgium Vrije Univ Amsterdam Inst Environm Studies IVM Amsterdam Netherlands Babes Bolyai Univ Hungarian Dept Biol & Ecol Cluj Napoca Romania Univ British Columbia Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil Vancouver BC Canada Norwegian Inst Nat Res Lillehammer Norway Univ Oberta Catalunya UOC Internet Interdisciplinary Inst IN3 Barcelona Spain Univ Oberta Catalunya UOC Estudis Econ & Empresa Barcelona Spain Univ Edinburgh Sch Geosci Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland FRACTAL Collect Madrid Spain Univ Kassel Fac Organ Agr Sci Kassel Germany Lund Univ Dept Geol Lund Sweden

The draft Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework commits to achievement of equity and justice outcomes and represents a "relational turn" in how we understand inclusive conservation. Although "inclusivity" is drawn on as a means to engage diverse stakeholders, widening the framing of inclusivity can create new tensions with regard to how to manage protected areas. We first offer a set of tensions that emerge in the light of the relational turn in biodiversity conservation. Drawing on global case examples applying multiple methods of inclusive conservation, we then demonstrate that, by actively engaging in the interdependent phases of recognizing hybridity, enabling conditions for reflexivity and partnership building, tensions can not only be acknowledged but softened and, in some cases, reframed when managing for biodiversity, equity, and justice goals. The results can improve stakeholder engagement in protected area management, ultimately supporting better implementation of global biodiversity targets.

关键词： inclusive conservation biodiversity conservation equity plural valuation values ecosystem services protected area management

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THE SEA SHADOW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 296-308页

作者： CHATTERTON, PA PAQUETTE, RG Paul A. Chatterton:received a BS degree in civil engineering from Northeastern University in 1968 and a MS in naval architecture & marine engineering from the University of Michigan in 1971. He joined what is now the NavSea SEA 03D organization in 1967 in the Submarine Preliminary Design Group. He has held positions on a variety of programs including Trident AO-177 and RSNF PCG and was the head of the Auxiliary Ship Preliminary Design Section. Prior to becoming theSea Shadowdeputy program manager in 1985 he was the ship design manager for the T-AGOS 19. He assumed his current position asSea Shadowprogram manager in 1991. Richard G. Paquette:received a BSE degree in mechanical/electrical engineering from General Motors Institute in 1972 and an MS in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan in 1977. From 1967 through 1976 he held a variety of engineering and management positions at General Motors primarily in the plant engineering and noise control areas. After graduate school he spent a year at Ingalls Shipbuilding performing engineering for nuclear submarine overhauls. Since 1978 he has worked for Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. in a variety of technical and management assignments on advanced ship and subsurface programs. He was chief engineer during the original construction and operation of theSea Shadowand returned as the Lockheed Program manager for the current efforts. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers the Naval Institute the American Defense Preparedness Association and is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of California.

The Sea Shadow (designed, built and tested during the mid-1980s) represents the application of several advanced ship technologies. The Sea Shadow was recently reactivated and has been undergoing additional testing at Santa Cruz Island and in San Francisco Bay. This paper provides a top level description of the ship and ship systems, is supported by photos & sketches, and alludes to the types of data and experience base which exists. The presentation of the paper includes video of the exterior and interior of the ship, the ship systems, and its at-sea operations.

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