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arXiv 2024年

作者： Weber, Ramon Elias Mueller, Caitlin Reinhart, Christoph Building Technology Program Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States

Humans spend over 90% of their time in buildings which account for 40% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making buildings the leading cause of climate change. To incentivize more sustainable construction, building codes are used to enforce indoor comfort standards and maximum energy use. However, they currently only reward energy efficiency measures such as equipment or envelope upgrades and disregard the actual spatial configuration and usage. Using a new hypergraph model that encodes building floorplan organization and facilitates automatic geometry creation, we demonstrate that space efficiency outperforms envelope upgrades in terms of operational carbon emissions in 72%, 61% and 33% of surveyed buildings in Zurich, New York, and Singapore. Automatically generated floorplans for a case study in Zurich further increase access to daylight by up to 24%, revealing that auto-generated floorplans have the potential to improve the quality of residential spaces in terms of environmental performance and access to daylight. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Housing

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Scalable investigation of energy usage patterns and saving potential in hotel guestrooms: Focused on occupancy states and electrical installations

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2024年 302卷

作者： Lee, Junsoo Kim, Jimin Hong, Taehoon Mun, Sung Gyun Koh, Kihyeon Koo, Choongwan Incheon Natl Univ Div Architecture & Urban Design Incheon 22012 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Sch Architecture Architectural Engn Program Seoul 01811 South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Hong Kong Polytech Univ Sch Hotel & Tourism Management Hong Kong Peoples R China

In hotel guestrooms, under the category of non-stationary-operated building, energy usage patterns can vary significantly depending on occupant behaviors and preferences, making it challenging to formulate feasible energy-saving strategies. To address the challenge, this study proposes a scalable approach to investigate energy usage patterns and saving potential in hotel guestrooms, in which endogenous parameters (occupancy states and electrical installations) are comprehensively considered. The data was collected over a year from three guest rooms of Hotel "I" in Hong Kong, including energy usage for different electrical installations, indoor temperature and humidity, and check-in or check-out information. The main findings can be summarized as follows. First, energy usage patterns revealed that the average 15-minute interval energy usage during the check-in state was 56.49 Wh, while during the check-out state, it was 44.03 Wh (77.94% compared to the check-in state). Second, the proposed energy-saving strategies can be applied to the case study room, leading to a reduction of 247.53 kWh, which corresponds to 13.79% of the current annual energy usage (1,794.55 kWh) in the case study room. The proposed scalable approach is expected to contribute to enabling occupant-centric appliance control strategies in hotel guestrooms, depending on occupancy states, which leads to cost savings and promises various benefits, such as enhanced guest services and promotional advantages, such as "Green Hotel".

关键词： Hotel guestrooms Scalable investigation Energy usage patterns Energy-saving potential Occupancy states Electrical installations

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Echoes of Tradition: Virtual-Reality Media in Improving Spatial Space Experience 3D Virtual Tour of Kampung Adat Pulo Garut, West Java, Indonesia

Echoes of Tradition: Virtual-Reality Media in Improving Spat...

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STEM Education Conference (iSTEM-Ed), International

作者： M.F. Rahman A.Y. Permana I Susanti J. Akbardin K. Wijaya S. Handayani Architecture Study Program Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia Architecture Study Program Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia Indonesia Bandung Indonesia Agro-industrial Education Study Program Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350365979

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365986

In the current digital era, virtual reality (VR) technology is rapidly expanding across various fields, including education and cultural preservation. This technology offers immersive opportunities to explore and experience architectural spaces, promising increased understanding and learning motivation. Despite being relatively new in Indonesia, the application of VR has shown significant potential for education and cultural preservation through the implementation of a 3D virtual tour in Kampung Adat Pulo Garut. Therefore, this research aimed to develop VR media to enhance users' spatial experience and preserve the cultural values of Kampung Adat Pulo Garut through interactive learning. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) through the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) model. The equipment used was LiDAR Scanner FJD Trion P1 Series, DJI Mavic Air 2S Drone, and Sony A6000 Camera. The method used included aerial and terrestrial mapping, 3D modeling, and the development of virtual environments through Unreal Engine. The developmental process included various stages, namely concept, design, material collection, compilation, testing, and distribution. The result showed an interactive 3D virtual tour of Kampung Adat Pulo Garut, called “Echoes of Tradition.” Unreal Engine was found to enable detailed visualization of traditional architecture and village environments with high accuracy and interactivity. The final product offered an immersive learning experience, enriching users' experience, and enabling digital preservation of cultural heritage. The next step, to get an overview of the research results, used a questionnaire as an instrument which was distributed to a total of 250 respondents. Furthermore, the potential implication of VR in education and cultural preservation was identified, guiding similar applications in the future. By improving accessibility and engagement in spatial and cultural learning, VR offered new avenues in education and cultu

关键词： Visualization Three-dimensional displays Education Virtual environments Media User experience Cultural differences

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A Neuroelectronic Interface with Microstructured Substrates for Spiral Ganglion Neurons Cultured In Vitro: Proof of Concept

BIOSENSORS-BASEL

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BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2025年第4期15卷 224-224页

作者： Delipetar, Boris Krolo, Jelena Zarkovic Bedalov, Ana Kovacic, Damir Univ Split Fac Sci Dept Phys Rudera Boskovica 33 Split 21000 Croatia Univ Split Ctr Res Excellence Sci & Technol Integrating Medi Rudera Boskovica 31 Split 21000 Croatia Univ Split Fac Elect Engn Mech Engn & Naval Architecture Doctoral Program Mech Engn Rudera Boskovica 32 Split 21000 Croatia Univ Split Fac Sci Doctoral Program Biophys Rudera Boskovica 33 Split 21000 Croatia Bedalov doo Res Dev & Consulting Ul T Antunovica 17 Kastel Sucurac 21212 Croatia

In this study, we present a proof-of-concept neuroelectronic interface (NEI) for extracellular stimulation and recording of neurophysiological activity in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) cultured in vitro on three-dimensional, micro-patterned substrates with customized microtopographies, integrated within a 196-channel microelectrode array (MEA). This approach enables mechanotaxis-driven neuronal contact guidance, promoting SGN growth and development, which is highly sensitive to artificial in vitro environments. The microtopography geometry was optimized based on our previous studies to enhance SGN alignment and neuron-electrode interactions. The NEI was validated using SGNs dissociated from rat pups in the prehearing period and cultured for seven days in vitro (DIV). We observed viable and proliferative cellular cultures with robust neurophysiological responses in the form of local field potentials (LFPs) resembling action potentials (APs), elicited both spontaneously and through electrical stimulation. These findings provide deeper insights into SGN behavior and neuron-microenvironment interactions, laying the groundwork for further advancements in neuroelectronic systems.

关键词： neuroelectronic interface microelectrode array neuronal contact guidance substrate topography in vitro spiral ganglion neurons spontaneous action potentials

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Integrating rural livelihood resilience and sustainability for post-disaster community relocation: a theoretical framework and empirical study

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NATURAL HAZARDS 2023年第2期116卷 1775-1803页

作者： Yang, Xuanmei Li, Xiangyu Lu, Kaifa Peng, Zhong-Ren Tongji Univ Coll Architecture & Urban Planning Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Oklahoma State Univ Fire & Emergency Management Program Div Engn Technol Stillwater OK 74048 USA Univ Florida Coll Design Construct & Planning Int Ctr Adaptat Planning & Design Gainesville FL 32611 USA

The concepts of resilience and sustainability are becoming popular in disaster planning and management. However, there is an absence of mutual considerations of the two concepts from an integrated perspective to promote post-disaster livelihood, particularly in the relocated rural communities. To fill the research gap, this paper explores the factors and relationships of resilient rural livelihoods (RRL) and sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) in resettlement communities after a major disaster. Specifically, we construct a theoretical model that integrates resources, strategies, and outcomes of RRL and SRL in the recovery phase. We use a dataset for household-level recovery after the Jiangsu Tornado (2016) in China to validate the theoretical model with a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Results show that government-driven, recovery-concentrated policies of "resilience " may not promote the long-term sustainability of rural household livelihoods because financial capital and institutional participation are negatively associated with the community's self-reliance for future disaster recovery. The tangible assets are likely to make people more confident in disaster preparedness, while the intangible assets lack such an impact and even make the relocated households concerned about future disasters. For RRL outcomes, financial capital and socio-political capital can enhance the recovery, while human capital and livelihood strategies have negative effects. In addition, natural capital and financial capital positively affect household recovery, but the human capital remains a negative contributor. These findings clearly reveal the general patterns of rural livelihoods in relocated communities after a disaster and provide insights into potential measures to promote sustainable and resilient rural livelihoods.

关键词： Rural livelihood Disaster Resilience Sustainability Structural equation modeling (SEM)

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Design and Experiment of a Water Hydraulic Artificial Muscle Actuated Diving Auxiliary Operating System 9

Design and Experiment of a Water Hydraulic Artificial Muscle...

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9th International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics, FPM 2023

作者： Che, Jin-Kai Zhang, Zeng-Meng Yang, Yong Wang, Ji-Xiang Chen, Yin-Long Gong, Yong-Jun Yang, Rui College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Dalian Maritime University Dalian China Dalian University of Technology Open Research Program of Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education of China Dalian China

ISBN: (数字)9798350304947

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304947

A diving auxiliary operating system based on water hydraulic artificial muscle (WHAM) was developed to enhance the efficiency of underwater work for divers. The water filling pressure of the WHAM was calculated by the interaction torque between the operating system and the wearer. Power assisted experiments were conducted to imitation the underwater rigging connections, desilting, and obstacle clearance for rescue operations. The power assistance effect was evaluated through a comparison of the surface electromyography (EMG) intensity between the wearer with and without the auxiliary operating system. The experiments results indicate that the auxiliary system can enhance the diver's operational capacity 43%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Muscle

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The urban neighborhood amid the changing to information society in Indonesia. Case study of the city of Bandung 20

The urban neighborhood amid the changing to information soci...

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20th Sustainable, Environment and architecture, SENVAR 2020

作者： Abadi, A.A. Isnandya, A.R. Architecture Program School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Housing and Settlement Research Group School of Architecture Planning and Policy Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

The influx of information technology to the developing world has increasingly shown its impacts when information technology usage has become a part of daily life. Like its features, online apps have altered the way people interact and do daily activities, especially in urban areas. Conceptually the neighborhood was developed as part of the town planning practice and theory for developed worlds, though it is a universal phenomenon. Therefore, the neighborhood idea requires several adjustments to fit the dynamic third-world country context. The study aims to observe the characteristics of urban socio-spatial changes in correlation with the use of online apps and review the extent to which it will modify the essential elements used in defining a neighborhood. It uses an exploratory approach to explain the relationship between spatial character changes and socio-cultural community in two neighborhoods in Bandung city as case studies. The compiled data's correlational analysis shows several changes in the neighborhood elements characters, either spatial or social related, but they are responses to the inadequate public facilities. In conclusion, to some degree, it has not been significant enough to indicate the neighborhood changes and requires further research to see the advanced information technological impact on urban life © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Developing countries

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An Investigation of Socio-Spatial Equality in Blue-Green Space at the Setu Babakan Area, Jakarta

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Aristyowati Ellisa, Evawani Gamal, Ahmad Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia Indonesia Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia Graduate Program of Urban & Regional Planning Universitas Indonesia SMART CITY Center Indonesia

This research focuses on the dynamic interplay between blue-green public spaces, urban food environments, and cultural place branding in the Setu Babakan area of Jakarta, home to the Betawi Cultural Village. While the area functions as a multi-faceted public asset, encompassing both Green Open Space (GOS) and Blue Open Space (BOS), the actual utilization of these spaces reveals disparities. Employing mixed methods, this study aims to holistically capture the complexities surrounding utilizing Setu Babakan’s blue-green spaces from the vantage points of visitor perceptions, street vendors, and governmental policies. The study found that both visitors and local traders were highlighting the need for equitable access to this vital public amenity. Factors such as accessibility and the density of local traders complicate the quest for socio-spatial equality. The presence of 6 (six) distinct types of warungs or street vendor stalls, which spontaneously emerge in the transitional zones between blue-green public spaces and private community lands, underscores the local government’s challenge in crafting policies that achieve legal and inclusive socio-spatial fairness. This study suggests that Setu Babakan embodies a unique confluence of cultural, social, and environmental values, offering a blueprint for how multifunctional public spaces can cater to diverse urban needs while fostering community well-being. As such, it calls for regulatory clarity, suggesting implementing formalized guidelines like temporary permits or designated zones to harmonize the competing demands of the informal economy and environmental sustainability. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Road crash zone identification and remedial measures using GIS

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INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS 2023年第5期8卷 1-20页

作者： Pusuluri, Vijaya Lakshmikanthi Dangeti, Mukund Rao Kotamrazu, Mohan Gayatri Vidya Parishad Coll Degree & PG Courses A Civil Engn Dept Engn & Technol Program Visakhapatnam India GITAM Deemed Univ Civil Engn Dept GIT Visakhapatnam India GITAM Deemed Univ Gitam Sch Architecture Visakhapatnam India

According to the World Bank Report 2020, there is one fatal road crash every four minutes globally. Loss of lives and limbs seriously hampers the livelihood of the victims and their families. Despite cities' efforts to improve roads, crashes continue to occur worldwide. Road crashes are not accidents but preventable by systematic efforts in crash spot identification, prediction, and remedial actions. Road crashes occur due to various factors ranging between vehicle, weather, driver, or environmental categories. There is a need to establish methods of analysis that cities can quickly adopt to save lives. Traditionally statistical methods are used for crash zone identification, but recently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) helped identify crash zones graphically while validating the results statistically. This review concerns road crash zone (Blackspot) identification GIS methodologies developed and adopted by cities between 2011 and 2022. It is found that GIS as a mapping tool has expanded into a data management system. It has high adaptability to integrate newer combinations with machine learning and fuzzy logic. The review finds that Kernel Density Estimation and Weighted Severity Index could be easy methods to adopt using local crash data, geocoding, and open-source software. It aims to assist cities with multi-modal traffic and two-wheeler dominance in future forms of research. The study is limited to transportation planning factors and GIS methodologies.

关键词： SDG 3 6 Blackspot identification GIS Geocoding Severity index Kernel density estimation

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Population Density in Nineteenth-Century American Urbanism

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ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS 2024年第9期114卷 2104-2131页

作者： Arsen, Celia Baics, Gergely Meisterlin, Leah Mathematica Princeton NJ USA Columbia Univ Barnard Coll Dept Hist New York NY 10027 USA Columbia Univ Barnard Coll Urban Studies Program New York NY USA Columbia Univ Grad Sch Architecture Planning & Preservat New York NY 10027 USA

Population density and size are the most commonly used metrics for defining modern cities and urbanism. Yet unlike size, density has been overlooked in systematic analyses of the historical development of the U.S. urban system. Deploying large-scale geocoded census microdata on forty major cities in 1880, this article contributes to a systematic understanding of density in late-nineteenth-century U.S. urbanism. Methodologically, we make the case for a block-level, population-weighted density measure that reflects the experience of density and is transferable to other urban contexts. Thematically, we use this measure to compare density across cities, outlining regionally distinct patterns in density and identifying the built environment as a contributing factor to high- versus low-density urban development, and to explore density within cities across population subgroups, finding that immigrants, racial minorities, and lower class residents experienced higher densities at a time when high density increased exposure to health risks. Additionally, throughout the article we draw out preliminary findings worthy of future research about density conditions for particular cities, places, and demographic subgroups.

关键词： GIS inequality nineteenth-century cities population density urban history US urban system

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