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Thermal performance of highly glazed office buildings in the tropics: Contradicting architects expectations

ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2023年第1期296卷

作者： Oliveira, Alexandre Pedrini, Aldomar Fed Univ Rio Grande Do Norte UFRN Postgrad Program Architecture & Urban Planning PPG Campus Univ BR-59078970 Natal RN Brazil

The inadequacy of highly glazed facade office buildings has been debatable for decades due to their impact on the internal environment comfort and energy consumption. One of the consequences noticed in the 50's decade was the thermal discomfort caused by the non-uniform thermal environment. Despite the glass technology developments since then, buildings with ordinary laminated glass and unknown thermal properties became commonly accepted in Brazil's most populated cities in the low latitudes, opposing primary design recommendations. This work discusses this context based on the short-term thermal assessment of five case studies in a warm and humid climate, assuming regular occupation. The combination of the walk-through audit with thermal monitoring at the centre of office rooms and next to the facade resulted in comparing air and operative temperatures, and the PMV index, under different environment configurations. Surface temperature measurements with thermographic photos complemented the thermal analyses. The case studies confirmed different simultaneous thermal sensations between perimeter and centre zones. The perimeter zones barely reach PMV 0.5, achieved by the users' adaptations that mitigated the thermal radiation from the facades, obstructing the windows with internal shades or avoiding the window view by changing the layout. Therefore, the extensive use of window obstructions compromises other indoor environmental aspects, such as daylighting and exterior view, contradicting the architects' expectations of a transparent glass building.

关键词： Thermal performance Glazed facade Perimeter zone Office building Warm climate

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"Missing" No More: Planners Should Harness Private Developers to Build Middle Housing

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION 2025年第2期91卷 271-277页

作者： Marantz, Nicholas J. Wegmann, Jake Univ Calif Irvine Dept Urban Planning & Publ Policy Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Texas Austin Sch Architecture Community & Reg Planning Program Austin TX USA

Although land use planning in the United States has long privileged single-family homes, the dominance of single-family zoning is weakening. At least eight states have passed laws opening single-family neighborhoods to accessory dwelling units and, in some cases, to middle housing, such as townhouses, duplexes, triplexes, and quadplexes. Opponents of laws liberalizing single-family zoning often seek to prohibit for-profit developers from densifying single-family neighborhoods, by restricting development to owner-occupiers. Often these opponents invoke concerns about gentrification and social equity. But for recent zoning reforms to put a meaningful dent in the housing affordability problems confronting many regions, the planning profession must accept that the physical transformation of neighborhoods at scale will require significant, though by no means exclusive, involvement of for-profit builders. In this Viewpoint we explain why the relevant empirical evidence from cities such as Houston (TX), Portland (OR), and Auckland (New Zealand) indicates that single-family zoning reform can foster more affordable types of housing through for-profit development, while allaying fears concerning gentrification and displacement. Cities and states should promote equity and neighborhood stability through tools such as tenant protections, but they should eliminate owner-occupancy restrictions and other regulations that bar for-profit developers from building middle housing.

关键词： Housing regulation zoning

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Getting to school on your own: the correlates of independence and modes of active school travel

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JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2023年第3期22卷 1430-1443页

作者： Lee, Jong Seon Park, Yunmi Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Korean Intellectual Property Off Trademark & Design Examinat Bur Seo South Korea Ewha Womans Univ Architectural & Urban Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture & Environm Planning Gwanak Ro 1Gwanak guBldg 82Room 222 Seoul 08826 South Korea

Young people's decreased active and independent travel to schools has prompted many countries to devise various policies, initiatives, and programs to counter the associated health detriments. Meanwhile, scholarly studies have identified how children were walking and biking to school benefits physical and mental health, social and cognitive development, and local government finances. Contributing to the broader spectrum of academic research concerning active travel to school, this study explored independent and active school-travel correlates and analyzed the difference between walking and biking. Survey responses from 367 children in North Carolina indicated that walking was sensitive to mixed land use and positive utility while biking was more connected to physical settings. Perceived environmental safety influenced independent active travel, indicating the need for future programs and initiatives to take different actions when targeting modes and independence of active travel to school.

关键词： Independent active travel to school neighborhood design mixed land use sidewalks positive utility subjective safety settings

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Toward sustainable development? Trend analysis of environmental policy in Korea from 1987 to 2040

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2023年第8期66卷 1640-1654页

作者： Bayarsaikhan, Tsolmon Kim, Moon-Hyun Oh, Hee Jin Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea

It is crucial to observe how international policy initiatives are implemented in each country's environmental policies to ensure global environmental conservation and sustainable development. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the trend of environmental policy in Korea over time. To this aim, we use semantic network analysis to explore the main keywords and to identify the characteristics of the key themes in each period based on the national environmental comprehensive plan. Our results show that the value of economic growth and technological development are regarded as priorities in Korean environmental policy because the economy and technology are closely related to the environment. Similarly, when it comes to the fundamental concept of environmental policy, the concept of "green growth" is applied in preference to the concept of "sustainability." The results contribute to expanding the approach of existing policy research by providing the potential for semantic network analysis based on policy documents.

关键词： Korea's environmental policy sustainability green growth network analysis policy documents

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Multi-objective optimization based on surrogate models for sustainable building design: A systematic literature review

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2024年 266卷

作者： Cruz, A. S. Caldas, L. R. Mendes, V. M. Mendes, J. C. Bastos, L. E. G. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Grad Program Architecture PROARQ BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil Univ Fed Ouro Preto UFOP Grad Program Civil Engn PROPEC BR-35402163 Ouro Preto MG Brazil Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Minas Gerais IFMG BR-33115390 Santa Luzia MG Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF Grad Program Civil Engn PEC BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora MG Brazil Univ Vila Velha Grad Program Architecture & City PPGAC Vila Velha ES Brazil

Surrogate models can overcome the building performance simulation complexity and replace time-consuming simulation engines within multi-objective optimization studies. Although this approach can leverage the development of sustainable building design, just a few studies integrate these concepts collectively. Therefore, this paper explores simulation studies that combine these techniques through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Specifically, this study illustrates the state-of-the-art literature, main challenges, and opportunities regarding multi-objective optimization based on surrogate models. The three significant contributions resulting from this study are: 1) a list of research gaps with issues partially addressed, 2) a framework for future evaluations, and finally, 3) directions for future research in the field. Based on 54 documents analyzed, there are research areas that demand further attention and present opportunities for significant contributions. For instance, there has been limited exploration of data mining and transfer learning techniques, a lack of optimizations considering uncertainty parameters that could enhance the resilience of the projects, and a deficiency in building decarbonization discussions. Furthermore, developing user-friendly tools or web applications could streamline the replication of the optimization approach, thus promoting more sustainable building design. Simultaneously, ethical standards could support a research environment that is transparent, accountable, and trustworthy. Finally, this SLR consolidates previous scientific achievements, acting as a valuable resource to facilitate the adoption of multi-objective optimization based on surrogate models for future researchers, thereby serving as a functional and reference guide and allowing the design of more sustainable buildings.

关键词： Review Optimization Machine learning Building performance simulation Sustainable building design Energy efficiency

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The obstacles of green building implementation in Semarang city 9

The obstacles of green building implementation in Semarang c...

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9th Engineering International Conference, EIC 2020

作者： Nugradi, D.N.A. Study Program of Architecture Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang Indonesia

The Semarang City Government has issued a Mayor Regulation on Green Buildings since 2019. Since then the construction of buildings with a certain floor area in Semarang City must follow this regulation. Evaluating implementation constraints related to green building construction based on the experience of the development actors, is an important thing to do. This study aims to identify obstacles in realizing green buildings in the city of Semarang. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire survey of respondents from development actors involved in green buildings such as contractors, consultants and project owners and bureaucratic officials related to green building licensing. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis to reach agreement between respondents. Next, a hierarchy of these constraints will be sought. Constraints found in realizing green buildings are: lack of socialization from the city government, alternative materials, lack of best practices, experts, and financing. For this reason, a strategy is needed to overcome these obstacles from every aspect or based on a combined consideration of all aspects. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Surveys

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Spatio-Temporal Deformable DETR for Weakly Supervised Defect Localization

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023年第17期23卷 19935-19945页

作者： Kim, Young-Min Yoo, Yong-Ho Yoon, In-Ug Myung, Hyun Kim, Jong-Hwan Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Robot Program Daejeon 34141 South Korea Samsung Elect Dept SoC Architecture Samsung Res Seoul 06765 South Korea Koh Young Technol Inc Dept Machine Intelligence San Diego CA 92127 USA Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Sch Elect Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea

Currently, the welding process is an essential part of various industrial fields, such as shipbuilding, automobiles, and aerospace. Since welding defects can lead to serious adverse consequences, they must be carefully monitored. With captured welding images, welding defect localization can be formulated as a prediction of the defective area bounding box in the image, which can be solved through deep-learning techniques. However, annotating the bounding box is required to train a deep-learning network, which is costly and time-consuming. As such, we propose a spatio-temporal deformable detection transformer (STD-DETR), which requires only frame-level labels in the learning phase and localizes the welding defects in the inference phase. Weakly supervised learning is feasible in our task because the attention map can be obtained using a self-attention mechanism without any pixel-level or bounding box labels. STD-DETR is developed to extract not only spatial patterns but also temporal patterns with spatio-temporal attention. In addition, STD-DETR utilizes a deformable mechanism to calculate the attention to reduce computational complexity. Our proposed network is trained and evaluated on our custom welding defect video dataset captured by our manual data acquisition equipment. We demonstrate that the proposed STD-DETR outperforms other weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL) models in welding defect localization and binary classification.

关键词： Location awareness Transformers Welding Feature extraction Object detection Sensors Supervised learning Defect localization deformable DETR spatio-temporal data weakly supervised learning

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What lies ahead? The future performance of Global South residential buildings amid climate change: A systematic literature review

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2024年 98卷

作者： Cruz, Alexandre Santana Mendes, Vitor Freitas Mendes, Julia Castro Caldas, Lucas Rosse Bastos, Leopoldo Eurico Gonsalves Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Grad Program Architecture PROARQ BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil Univ Fed Ouro Preto UFOP Grad Program Civil Engn PROPEC BR-35402163 Ouro Preto MG Brazil Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Minas Gerais IFMG BR-33115390 Santa Luzia MG Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF Grad Program Civil Engn PEC BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora MG Brazil Univ Vila Velha Grad Program Architecture & City PPGAC BR-29102920 Vila Velha ES Brazil

More than a billion people globally lack affordable and safe housing, with the majority located in the Global South (GS). In these regions, climate change will persistently impact living conditions, reducing thermal comfort and escalating energy consumption. Within this context, this investigation conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the use of building performance simulation (BPS) tools for climate adaptation and mitigation through future weather file predictions. By analyzing 47 documents, the study offers suggestions for policymakers and highlights areas that require further research. From policymakers' perspective, standardized metrics can promote better industry understanding and be key indicators for investment funds support climate-resilient developments. Public policies should mitigate overheating risks by moving beyond one-size-fits-all social housing approaches and implement nationwide tools for robust building design. Moreover, real progress in resilience relies on integrating enhanced building design standards with occupant behavior. From an academic perspective, future research should conduct national-level assessments of diverse urban architectural typologies, incorporating new resilience metrics and combining Global and Regional Climate Models to develop ensemble future weather files. New studies should adopt optimization, machine learning, and transfer learning techniques while effectively exploring trade-off procedures. Additionally, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) are indispensable tools for advancing decarbonization efforts and evaluating technology feasibility in the built environment. Lastly, this SLR synthesizes past scientific achievements and current research gaps, providing an understanding of resilience modeling for climate adaptation and mitigation while offering a practical guide for sustainable residential buildings in the GS.

关键词： Global south Climate change Thermal comfort Energy efficiency Building performance simulation Sustainable building design Review

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Production and evaluation of the polyester composites containing pyrite and niobium diboride for radiation protection

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RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2025年 226卷

作者： Akman, Ferdi Turhan, Mehmet Fatih Ogul, Hasan Tursucu, Ahmet Erdogan, Taha Kacal, Mustafa Recep Polat, Hasan Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Social Sci Dept Property protect & Secur program Occupat Hlth & Safety TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye Afyonkarahisar Hlth Sci Univ Ataturk Vocat Sch Hlth Serv Dept Med Imaging Tech Afyonkarahisar 03200 Turkiye Sinop Univ Fac Engn & Architecture Dept Nucl Engn Sinop Turkiye Sirnak Univ Engn Fac Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-73000 Sirnak Turkiye Afyonkarahisar Hlth Sci Univ Fac Med Dept Radiat Oncol Afyonkarahisar 03030 Turkiye Giresun Univ Arts & Sci Fac Dept Phys TR-28100 Giresun Turkiye Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Dept Architecture & Urban Planning TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye

The presented study focused on investigating the radiation shielding properties of polyester/pyrite/niobium diboride (FeSNbB) composites. Various gamma-ray shielding parameters were evaluated with help of a HPGe detector system. Theoretical and simulation results are further evaluated by WinXCOM, GEANT4 and FLUKA codes, and the obtained results are compared with experimental values in the energy region 59.5 keV-1332.5 keV. The prepared samples are additionally evaluated using kerma relative to air values and Exposure build-up factors. Then, for the evaluation of neutron radiation shielding, effective removal cross sections for fast neutrons were determined for FeSNbB composites. Electron attenuation efficiency (AE%) for the produced composites was assessed across the energy spectrum of 4 MeV-18 MeV, utilizing experimental data from a Linac machine and theoretical predictions from Eclipse TPS. The results were found to be compatible with each other. FeSNbB50 has the best shielding properties among the studied composites.

关键词： Pyrite-niobium diboride composite Shielding Gamma Neutron Electron

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Evaluating the effectiveness of mitigation measures in environmental impact assessments: A comprehensive review of development projects in Korea

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HELIYON 2024年第11期10卷 e31647页

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Choi, Jiyoung Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engi neer Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

Rapid urbanization and development projects in Korea have posed significant threats to biodiversity;thus, effective mitigation measures are required to preserve natural habitats. Nevertheless, the factors underlying variations in mitigation measure effectiveness according to the disturbance level and surrounding environmental conditions have not been clarified. This study evaluated the effectiveness of mitigation measures implemented in environmental impact assessments (EIAs) of development projects in Korea, with a focus on their effectiveness with respect to the disturbance level and surrounding environmental conditions. A review of 288 EIA reports from selected projects that implemented all 10 mitigation measures classified according to the Wildlife Conservation Comprehensive Plan was conducted. Using the biodiversity tipping point framework, the effects of mitigation measures on biodiversity were categorized into four levels and analyzed. Analysis of variance and redundancy analysis were then performed to discern the variance in mitigation measure effectiveness in terms of the disturbance level, surrounding environment, and species. The results revealed significant variations in the effectiveness of mitigation measures depending on the surrounding environment and disturbance level. Linear projects exhibited a clear impact on various species as the disturbance level increased, whereas area-based projects did not exhibit such pronounced effects. All species demonstrated a negative relationship with development duration, development area, and distance from urban centers. Notably, avian and amphibian species showed a strong negative correlation with the digital elevation model while reptiles and mammals exhibited a strong positive relationship with predevelopment biodiversity and distance from protected areas, respectively. Mitigation measures play a key role in alleviating the adverse effects of development projects;therefore, our findings indicate the need for spa

关键词： Mitigation measures Effectiveness analysis Terrestrial animals Decision-making support Post-environment impact assessment

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