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Spatiotemporal Variations of Urban Spatial Dispersion and Its Vegetation Degradation in Joglosemar's Urban Growth Corridors, Indonesia

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AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHER 2024年第2期55卷 179-201页

作者： Dewa, Dimas Danar Buchori, Imam Rudiarto, Iwan Sejati, Anang Wahyu Liu, Yan Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Program Architecture & Urbanism Semarang Indonesia Univ Diponegoro Dept Urban & Reg Planning Semarang Indonesia Univ Queensland Sch Earth & Environm Sci Brisbane Australia UNDIP Departemen Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota DPWK Jln Prof SoedartoKec Tembalang Kota Semarang 50275 Jawa Tengah Indonesia

Indonesia has several expanding metropolitan regions, such as the Joglosemar Urban Region. The Joglosemar Urban Region includes three major urban growth centres - the Semarang Metropolitan Region (SMR), the Surakarta Urban Region (SUR), and the Yogyakarta Urban Region (YUR) with three urban growth corridors connecting them. Urban growth corridors cover areas crossed by the main road network linking urban growth centres. Rapid and uncontrolled urban development can endanger environmental sustainability along the corridors. This study compares the three urban growth corridors within the Joglosemar Urban Region - the SMR-SUR, the SUR-YUR, and the SMR-YUR. It examines the spatiotemporal variations of urban compactness and urban vegetation degradation. This study uses Landsat Satellite Imagery from 2001, 2008, 2015, and 2022. The index-based calculation was employed to obtain the built-up area change, urban compactness, and vegetation degradation. The most dispersed urban areas observed had the greatest vegetation degradation. Among the three urban growth corridors, the SMR-SUR corridor recorded the highest vegetation degradation of -0.21, with an increase in compactness index of 0.02. Vegetation greenness is significantly reduced along urban expansion corridors with high spatial dispersion. Our assessment offers new insight to inform the government in enacting policy changes to control urban growth and its sustainability.

关键词： Urban expansion urban spatial dispersion vegetation degradation urban growth corridors Joglosemar Indonesia

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Who remained happy despite the pandemic?: the impact of changed life situations and mobility and perceptions and attitudes toward the altered lifestyle during COVID-19

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JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2025年第2期24卷 985-999页

作者： Park, Yunmi Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Inst Construct & Environm Engieering Dept Civil & Environm Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Grad Sch Environm Studies Integrated Major Reg Studies & Spatial Analyt Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies 222 Bldg 82Gwanak Ro 1 Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study explored the determinants of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing a broad range of factors, including individual (i.e. socio-demographic status, life situations, attitudinal and perceptual characteristics) and policy restrictions. In particular, the study delved into the impact of changes in life situations and mobility, as well as perceptions and attitudes toward the altered lifestyle during COVID-19, on happiness. By analyzing data with 75 items from a U.S. nationwide survey in 2020, this study found that socio-demographic factors played a significant role in increasing happiness specifically when income increased and individuals transitioned from unemployment to employment or sustained employment during the pandemic. Happiness was also significantly reduced by COVID-19 altered attitudinal and perceptual changes such as restricted social interactions and activities, perception of infection risk, avoidance of online alternatives, perceived infection risk from close relationships, and a preference for compactness. Individuals who were users of public transportation before COVID-19 reported lower levels of happiness during the pandemic. This comprehensive exploration underscores the multifaceted nature of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the intertwined roles of socio-demographic factors, changes in life circumstances, and attitudes and perceptions to new life style.

关键词： COVID-19 happiness attitudes perception life changes PLS-SEM

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Ambient air pollution in selected small cities in India: Observed trends and future challenges

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IATSS RESEARCH 2021年第1期45卷 19-30页

作者： Agrawal, Girish Mohan, Dinesh Rahman, Hifzur OP Jindal Global Univ Sch Art & Architecture Sonipat Haryana India Indian Inst Technol Delhi Transportat Res & Injury Prevent Program New Delhi India

Exposure to ambient air pollution is a major threat to human health in most Indian cities. Recent studies have reported that more than three-quarters of the people in India are exposed to pollution levels higher than the limits recommended by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in India and significantly higher than those recommended by theWorld Health Organization. Despite the poor air quality, the monitoring of air pollution levels is limited even in large urban areas in India and virtually absent in small towns and rural areas. The lack of data results in a minimal understanding of spatial patterns of air pollutants at local and regional levels. This paper presents particulate air pollution trends monitored over one year in three small cities in India. The findings are important for framing state and regional level policies for addressing air pollution problems in cities, and achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) linked to public health, reduction in the adverse environmental impact of cities, and adaptation to climate change, as indicated by SDGs 3.9, 11.6 and 11.b. (C) 2021 International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Ambient air pollution Air pollution in small towns Diurnal cycle of PM pollution Regional patterns of air pollution Sustainable development goals

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Several façade types for mitigating urban heat island intensity

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Building and Environment 2024年 248卷

作者： Ornam, Kurniati Wonorahardjo, Surjamanto Triyadi, Sugeng Doctoral Program Department of Architecture SAPPK Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Department of Architecture Universitas Halu Oleo Indonesia Building Technology Research Group SAPPK Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia

The phenomenon of elevated air temperatures in urban regions, known as urban heat islands (UHI), is closely linked to the thermal properties of building façades in those areas. Heavyweight materials, such as concrete and brick, absorb and release the heat escalating the intensity of UHI. We studied the thermal behaviour of façade types based on various concepts, namely, thermal absorption (brick wall), thermal utilisation (green wall and submerged aluminium composite panels [ACP]), reflection (reflective coating), insulation (expanded polystyrene), and shading or covering (ACP and cement board panel), on the east and west walls of a building. Direct field measurements included surface temperature, solar irradiation, cloud cover, globe temperature, air temperature, wind velocity, and relative humidity near the surface, were conducted in April and July 2021 (7 d monitoring period) on the walls of 90 × 90 cm specimens. The effectiveness of mitigating the urban heat island intensity (UHII) of the façade types in a residential area was simulated using ENVI-met 4.4.5 software. The results showed that heat utilisation (green walls) and reflection effectively reduced UHII. Green walls lowered temperatures by an average of 0.65 °C during the monitoring period (maximum 0.99 °C) through evapotranspiration, whereas the reflective coating reduced by 0.53 °C on average (maximum 1.89 °C) during low sun angles in the morning and afternoon. These findings will be helpful for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to contribute to UHI mitigation. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Reflective coatings

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AI based temperature reduction effect model of fog cooling for human thermal comfort: Climate adaptation technology

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 95卷

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study developed a gradient-boosted regression tree-based artificial intelligence (AI) model--temperature reduction effect AI model (TREAM)--to determine the temperature reduction effect of fog cooling that varies with weather conditions. According to the trend of global warming, our society is suffering from serious damage from urban heat islands, especially negatively affecting human health and thermal comfort. Therefore, it is very important to develop and evaluate adaptive technology for providing pleasant thermal comfort to humans. This study select fog cooling as adaptive technology for human thermal comfort, and indoor and outdoor simulation were performed using STAR CCM+, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) program. Moreover, transient analysis to validate the outdoor model of CFD and parametric study to identify the correlation between the environmental factors and fog cooling were performed. When initial temperature set as 45 degrees C at a relative humidity of 90% and wind speed of 1 m/s, a temperature reduction of 8.92% can be obtained. Regardless of the temperature and humidity conditions, the temperature reduction effect of fog cooling was similar to 1% if the wind speed increased above 5 m/s. This study contributed to the quantitative analysis of the temperature reduction effect according to the change of environmental factors.

关键词： Daegu smart city TREAM (temperature reduction effect AI model) GBRT (gradient-boosted regression tree) Climate change scenario Fog Cooling Parametric Study

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Scattering of gravity waves by a pontoon type breakwater with a series of pervious and impervious skirt walls

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SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 2022年第1期17卷 130-142页

作者： Vijay, K. G. Neelamani, S. Sahoo, T. Al-Salem, K. Nishad, C. S. IIT Kharagpur Dept Ocean Engn & Naval Architecture Kharagpur W Bengal India Kuwait Inst Sci Res Environm & Life Sci Res Ctr Coastal Management Program POB 24885 Safat 13109 Kuwait Pandit Deendayal Petr Univ Sch Technol Dept Math Gandhinagar India

The scattering of surface gravity waves by a skirt wall breakwater is analysed in two dimensions under the assumption of small-amplitude wave theory. The oscillatory wave past the porous skirt walls is assumed to follow Darcy's law. The boundary value problem is solved using multi-domain boundary element method to obtain the numerical results for the different number of porous skirt walls, relative pontoon width, relative submergence and different porosity of the skirt walls. The study reveals that an increase in the number of skirt walls from one to four can reduce the wave transmission by 61% but at the expense of an increase in horizontal wave force by 90% and decrease in the vertical force by 31%. A minimum of two-skirt walls is needed for reducing wave transmission. Skirt wall porosity of 0.40 is recommended for field applications considering the trade-off between the wave transmission and wave forces.

关键词： Skirt wall breakwater Darcy's law hydrodynamic coefficients multi-domain boundary element method

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Development of hazard capacity factor design model for net-zero: Evaluation of the flood adaptation effects considering green-gray infrastructure interaction

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 96卷

This study developed a quantitative flooding adaptation model, the Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model, to evaluate flooding risk and the effects of green-gray infrastructure interactions under severe flooding events. Modern society suffers great damage from natural disasters;however, no disaster adaptation model exists that can be easily used by decision makers. Therefore, we developed a model for comprehensive diagnosis of disasters in Suwon City using three key methods. First, a flood adaptation model was developed considering the pipeline network and an optimized arrangement of infrastructure was designed. Second, the framework of the HCFD model and the concept of the safety factor were developed. Finally, interactions between gray and green infrastructure were analyzed. Model evaluation demonstrated that gray and green infrastructure could reduce flooding by 20.04% and 6.55%, respectively, under 400 mm rainfall. The interaction between the gray infrastructure and the green infrastructure had an additional flood reduction effect of about 7%. The primary findings of this study were to develop the HCFD model as well as evaluate the interaction effects between gray and green infrastructure. The HCFD model could also be used in any disaster adaptation using different parameters and disasters.

关键词： HCFD model Suwon smart city Disaster mitigation Interaction design Gray infrastructure Green infrastructure

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mRNA vaccines: Past, present, future

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第4期17卷 491-522页

作者： Mia Karam Georges Daoud Biomedical Engineering Program Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureBeirut 11072020Lebanon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of MedicineBeirut 11072020Lebanon Department of Anatomy Cell Biologyand Physiological SciencesFaculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 11072020Lebanon

mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional *** ease of production,low cost,safety profile and high potency render them ideal candidates for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,especially in the midst of *** challenges that face in vitro transcribed RNA were partially amended by addition of tethered adjuvants or co-delivery of naked mRNA with an adjuvanttethered ***,it wasn’t until recently that the progress made in nanotechnology helped enhance mRNA stability and delivery by entrapment in novel delivery systems of which,lipid *** continuous advancement in the fields of nanotechnology and tissue engineering provided novel carriers for mRNA vaccines such as polymeric nanoparticles and *** studies have shown the advantages of adopting mRNA vaccines for viral diseases and cancer in animal and human ***-amplifying mRNA is considered today the next generation of mRNA vaccines and current studies reveal promising *** review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines used in past and present studies,and discusses future directions and challenges in advancing this vaccine platform to widespread clinical use.

关键词： mRNA vaccine Virus Cancer Nanoparticles COVID-19

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Development of a multi-node monitoring system for analyzing plant growth and indoor environment interactions: An empirical study on a plant factory

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2023年 214卷

作者： Kim, Handon Oh, Donggeun Jang, Hyounseung Koo, Choongwan Hong, Taehoon Kim, Jimin Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Sch Architecture Architectural Engn Program Seoul 01811 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Div Architecture & Urban Design Incheon 22012 South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol 232 Gongneung Ro Seoul 01811 South Korea

In plant factories, multi-layered shelves are used to maximize production per unit area by densely growing plants. The large number of plants placed in a spacious area leads to complex interactions between the plants and the growing environment, resulting in a potentially non-uniform growing environment. When the environment is non-uniform, achieving consistent production based on location becomes challenging. This study aims to analyze these interactions through multi-node, multi-factor monitoring in an actual plant factory that engages in hydroponics. To achieve this, we developed a monitoring system tailored for measuring the growth environment in plant factories. Specifically, we created a monitoring device capable of real-time measurement of six key indoor environmental factors, a network system that facilitates multi-node data collection by utilizing both Zigbee and WiFi, and a dashboard for simplified management. The developed monitoring system was implemented in an 'A' plant factory and collected 44,640 data points over a month. It empirically demonstrated that indoor environmental factors vary by location within the growing space, depending on the surrounding environment and the placement and operation of environmental facilities. The temperature of the nutrient solution showed a statistically strong correlation with other indoor environmental factors. This indicates that the operation of environmental facilities in a plant factory should be comprehensively managed in real-time, with a focus on the relationship of the nutrient solution temperature to other indoor environmental factors. Such management is especially crucial when considering the dynamic interrelationships among nutrient solution temperature, other indoor conditions, and the varying demands imposed by plant growth activity. These results offer valuable guidelines for optimizing the growing environment in plant factories and will serve as an important reference for plant factory operators.

关键词： Plant factory Hydroponics Multi -node monitoring Indoor environmental factors Plant growth

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The effects of the local and regional conditions and inequalities on urban shrinkage: a multilevel analysis focusing on local population decline

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URBAN RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2023年第3期16卷 438-457页

作者： Jeong, Jindo Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Planning Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea

Urban shrinkage is becoming a worldwide issue. However, empirical investigation still lacks an understanding of the spatial extent of the factors that drive local population decline, a prevalent aspect of urban shrinkage. Empirical evidence on multilevel factors relating to population decline is particularly scarce. We investigated the influences by analyzing economic, social, physical, and policy conditions at the local and regional levels. Regional conditions, as well as local conditions, are also related to the decline of the local population. The effect goes beyond economic and demographic conditions;conditions such as the local infrastructure level and development policy also significantly influence.

关键词： Urban shrinkage population decline multilevel factors regional inequalities hierarchical linear modeling

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