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Optimizing concrete performance: An investigation into the impact of supplementary cementitious materials and sand particle sizes

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MATERIALS LETTERS 2023年第1期347卷

作者： Kuoribo, Ewald Shokry, Hassan Hassanin, Ahmed H. Asawa, Takashi Mahmoud, Hatem Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol Sustainable Architecture Program New Borg El Arab Egypt Alexandria Univ Fac Engn Dept Text Engn Alexandria Egypt NC State Univ Wilson Coll Text Raleigh NC USA Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Architecture & Bldg Engn Tokyo Japan Aswan Univ Dept Architecture Aswan Egypt

The significance of employing suitable grades of aggregates and binders combined with waste materials in optimizing the performance of concrete cannot be overstated. It is evidenced from research that supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) sourced from construction waste can enhance the properties of cured concrete with less environmental impact and substantial economic savings. This study investigates the effect of SCM modified with customized sand particle sizes as fine aggregates on concrete's compressive strength and durability properties. The SCMs comprised silica fume (SF), glass powder (GP), and marble dust (MD) in different percentages (0%, 15%, and 20%). The results indicated higher compressive strength at 28-d could be obtained by adding SCM and finer sand particle size distribution than natural sand grain sizes. The study suggests an effective approach for the recyclability of locally available industrial by-products as ingredient modifiers, which possess great potential for cement production for improved performance and to benefit localities with the predominance of finer sand and soil varieties for usage as a substitute to the traditional grain size of fine aggregates.

关键词： Composite materials Lightweight materials Cementitious materials Sand particle sizes Compressive strength

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Insights into wayfinding: urban design exploration through the use of algorithmic eye-tracking software

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JOURNAL OF URBAN DESIGN 2023年第3期28卷 274-295页

作者： Hollander, Justin B. Sussman, Ann Lowitt, Peter Angus, Neil Situ, Minyu Magnuson, Aliya Tufts Univ Dept Urban & Environm Policy & Planning Medford MA 02155 USA Human Architecture & Planning Inst Concord MA USA Devens Enterprise Commiss Devens MA USA Univ Texas Austin Grad Program Community & Reg Planning Austin TX 78712 USA

This paper seeks to use eye-tracking emulation software to understand and forecast the human responses to signage and directional cues in Massachusetts, USA. Using eye-tracking emulation software, this study measured the unconscious visual responses people are projected to have to designs and layouts in new built environments, focusing on what makes streets most walkable. The study found differences between the way the brain takes in conventional automobile-oriented residential developments versus new urbanist layouts, with the former lacking key fixation points. The study's discoveries explain why new urbanist layouts promote walking effortlessly and conventional automobile-oriented residential developments cannot.

关键词： Transportation walking safety biometrics

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An empirical assessment of whether urban green ecological networks have the capacity to store higher levels of carbon

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2024年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Wan, Yunshan Wang, Yilei Gao, Ming Jin, Lin China Architecture Design & Res Grp Sch Architecture Beijing Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Wuhan Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Sch Architecture Harbin Peoples R China Minist Ind & Informat Technol Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En Harbin Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea

Carbon-neutral growth is a crucial long-term climatic aim in the context of global warming. This paper introduces complex network theory and explores its potential application to achieve this goal. Specifically, we investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of nodes and sources in the ecological network, and examine whether a relationship exists between the topological index of network nodes and the landscape pattern index of ecological source areas. We also determine the contribution of nodes to the carbon stock of the entire network by exploring the correlation between the carbon stock of nodes and sources to develop an optimization strategy based on the synergistic effect of node-source carbon enhancement. Finally, we test the effect of network optimization through robustness. Our results show that: (1) The correlation topological feature index analysis reveals that the degree distribution of the node network's topological characteristics becomes dispersed and modular, exhibiting the characteristics of small-world networks according to a large clustering coefficient. The heterogeneity and extent of ecological source landscapes have increased by modularity index but remain distributed and locally fragmented;(2) According to correlation analysis, by enhancing the eccentricity of the node topology, the patch cohesion index (COHESION) of the ecological source site can maximize the contribution of the node to the enhancement of the carbon stock benefits of the source site;(3) According to the tests on the robustness of nodes and edges and the robustness of network links, network stability is improved and carbon sink capacity is enhanced. Simultaneously, the restoration and rejuvenation of ecological space through national ecological construction projects can effectively improve the carbon sink within the organized region, contributing to the carbon neutrality aim. This research gives scientific and quantifiable references for potential ecological construction p

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Changing portrayal of women during the late modern period in regards to visual communication design

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VISUAL STUDIES 2022年第4期37卷 311-323页

作者： Acan, Vildan Aygenc, Erdal Near East Univ Art & Design Program Nicosia Cyprus Cyprus Int Univ Fac Fine Arts Design & Architecture Nicosia Cyprus Near East Univ Fac Fine Arts & Design Nicosia Turkey

The Industrial Revolution, world wars, the post-war periods, herewith called the Late Modern period, along with technological advances created a series of social changes in the world. As this transformation became more visible in social life, it has also manifested itself in visual forms such as painting, photography or posters. These social changes, influencing women's lives directly, had also an impact on the manner they were addressed in visual forms. In this regard, this study is centred on the history of visual communication design with a visual cultural approach to observe a connection between the changes that occurred in social life during each period and their effects on the portrayal of women while at the same time it also examines these representations in relation to the development of poster design. Five images produced as advertising and posters ranging from the Industrial Revolution to the Second-Wave Feminism era were selected randomly and examined as illustrative case studies. Zeitgeist approach was used reviewing the periods and countries where these posters were produced. This small study exhibits how the style of women's representation can transform depending on the changing conditions of the era.

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Gainesville's Forgotten Neighborhood An Examination of Narratives in Planning

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION 2022年第3期88卷 392-404页

作者： Redden, Tyeshia Dedenbach, Laura Larsen, Kristin Frank, Kathryn Gettysburg Coll Africana Studies Program Gettysburg PA 17325 USA Univ Florida Dept Urban & Reg Planning Gainesville FL USA Univ Florida Sch Landscape Architecture & Planning Gainesville FL USA

Problem, research strategy, and findings This study contributes to our understanding of how planning reproduces the "dominant narratives" of the most powerful, especially those that stigmatize minority neighborhoods, but also how equity-minded planners can identify and apply residents' views, or their "counternarratives." To enable the focus on social equity, we used critical race theory (CRT) to examine enduring racial stigma, particularly against African Americans, in historical and current planning narratives. Specifically, we conducted a case study of more than 5 decades of neighborhood planning in the Porters neighborhood of Gainesville (FL) to understand how planners' roles in storytelling and narratives reinforce inequity. Using a thematic narrative analysis, we discovered patterns and relationships in stories and narratives from within and outside the neighborhood and how dominant narratives became embedded in planning documents. The thematic narrative analysis of the Porters case was informed by our 2017-2018 research project to pilot a participatory neighborhood narrative for use in local planning. Through this analysis of practice in an African American community within a Deep South college town, we conclude that narratives matter and have profound consequences. Although neighborhood planning has shifted to include participatory methods, planners often fail to examine their own biases and the racist presumptions of planning culture and institutions before crafting policy. Takeaway for practice Narratives are not only externally imposed on locales by surrounding residents but are also integrated and reproduced in planning documents. Reflective equity-minded planners can use narrative inquiry and CRT to deliberately examine the prevailing narratives within their historic and current policies. Using this study's approach as a starting point, planners can examine how narratives can compete and are reproduced in the media and planning documents, by planning st

关键词： critical race theory narratives neighborhood planning social equity territorial stigma

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An advanced prediction method of ship resistance with heterogeneous hull roughness

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2023年第1期279卷

作者： Song, Soonseok Kim, Daejeong Demirel, Yigit Kemal Yang, Jungkyu Inha Univ Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Incheon South Korea Univ Strathclyde Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn Glasgow Scotland C-Raval Gracia Cambrils 43850 Tarragona Spain Def Acquisit Program Adm Gwacheon Si South Korea

Despite the ongoing efforts for predicting the effect of hull roughness on ship resistance, the majority of the studies have been treating the hull surfaces as uniformly (i.e., homogeneously) rough. This can be a limiting factor since the real ships' hulls are not uniform due to various reasons such as the heterogeneous accumulation of biofouling. The current study aims to propose a new prediction method for added resistance due to heterogeneous hull roughness. This newly proposed method incorporates the similarity law scaling and the Roughness Impact Factor to consider the relative impacts of hull roughness in different regions. Two separate case studies involving recent Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results were used to assess the newly proposed method, which showed better prediction performance compared to the conventional method.

关键词： Ship resistance Roughness effect Biofouling Heterogeneous hull roughness Similarity law scaling

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Sequential action-based dynamic decision-support model for urban ecological planning

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 101卷

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture 4 Seoul 08826 South Korea SK forest Smart Green Solut Team Seoul 03161 South Korea Univ Calif Davis Dept Environm Sci & Policy One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Syst Risk & Resilience Res Grp Adv Syst Anal Laxenburg Austria Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. This challenge becomes particularly complex while addressing dynamic ecological responses to ongoing urban development. Thus, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision -making model to simulate sequential action mitigation measures over time, while considering the dynamic ecological responses that emerge with urban development. We used a multi-objective optimization algorithm to identify optimal plans that maximize landscape connectivity and edge density, while minimizing the imple-mentation costs per action. We focused on utilizing ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures from 1980s to 2010s. The results show that the initial low-investment strategy adopted in 1980s and sequential planning led to significantly improved ecological benefits beyond the 2000s when compared to the single-action planning approach implemented in 2010s. In contrast, an initial high-cost investment in the 1980s gradual declined the ecological benefits starting from 1995. We have demonstrated that adopting sequential planning provides valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning, especially when analyzing time -series data. This sequential approach enables decision-makers to make informed choices, thereby ultimately facilitating sustainable urban and regional planning.

关键词： Decision-making Ecological resilience NSGA-II Restoration Sequential planning Sustainable development

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Optimization of spray-drying process parameters for microencapsulation of three probiotic lactic acid bacteria selected by their high viability rate in sucrose and fructose levels and high temperatures

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2024年第2期4卷 687-698页

作者： Elif Seyma Bagdat Perihan Kübra Akman Gozde Kutlu Fatih Tornuk Food Processing Department Kahramankazan Vocational SchoolProgram of Food TechnologyBaşkent UniversityAtatürkİstiklal Cd.No:2706980 Kahramankazan/AnkaraTürkiye Food Engineering Department Chemicaland Metallurgical Engineering FacultyYildiz Technical UniversityDavutpasa Campus34210 IstanbulTürkiye Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Faculty of Fine ArtsDesign and ArchitectureAnkara Medipol UniversityAnkaraTürkiye

Microencapsulation is an efficient way to increase the survival rate of probiotics against harsh *** this study,three probiotic strains(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum *** strain W2(LP4),Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain XL640(LPE1),and Limosilactobacillus fermentum strain W8(LF2)),isolated from shalgam and gilaburu,were microencapsu-lated with spray drying and process conditions[maltodextrin concentration(MC,10–30%)and inlet air temperature(IAT,110–130℃)]were optimized by central composite rotatable design of response surface *** results indicated that the predicted IAT and MC values for the maximum powder yield and viability were 123.21℃ and 22.76%,130.37℃ and 19.49%,and 127.94℃ and 10.00%for LF2,LP4 and LPE1,*** these conditions,bacterial viability ranged from 10.27 to 10.33 log colony-forming units per gram(cfu/g),while the powder yield values for the encapsulation of the bacteria were between 43.38%and 50.97%.Furthermore,MC was the most significant factor for the powder yield of LF2,LPE1,and viability of *** efficiency values higher than 92.77%demonstrated the efficiency of spray dry-ing for the protection of selected *** microcapsules produced at the optimum points had moisture content between 5.30 and 5.96%.SEM images showed that the microcapsules were in spherical *** conclusion,the results confirmed that the selected probiotics were successfully microencapsulated with spray drying with high powder yield,viability,and encapsulation efficiency levels and these features could reveal the potential of the encapsulated probiotic strains to be used in high-sugar foods.

关键词： Microencapsulation Spray drying Response surface methodology Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lactiplantibacillus pentosus Limosilactobacillus fermentum

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Hybrid analytical and computational optimization methodology for structural shaping: Material-efficient mass timber beams

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ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 2020年 215卷 110532-110532页

作者： Mayencourt, Paul Mueller, Caitlin MIT Dept Architecture Bldg Technol Program 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

The building sector is responsible for a large portion of the global CO2e emissions. With structural materials accounting for a large part of it, the reduction of material used in buildings offers an important mitigation option to climate change. Standardized structural elements (eg. columns, beams, floors) have very low material efficiencies, as their shape does not consider the final use and load cases. New digital manufacturing technologies emerging in the field of construction and architecture, open new opportunities for the design of mass-customized structural elements, with the potential for more efficient use of materials in ubiquitous constructions. This paper offers a shaping methodology for the optimization of structural elements based on computational geometry and analytical mechanics. The paper implements the methodology for the shape optimization of mass timber beams. The methodology reveals that a large amount of structural material could be saved on standard structural timber elements. The accuracy of the solutions is benchmarked against analytical solutions and Finite Element Analysis (FEM). In order to implement the methodology for the optimization of timber beams, the analytical mechanics of shaped solid wooden beams are expanded from the existing literature and are presented in this paper. With the potential of being applied to a wider range of material systems, the methodology can significantly decrease the material consumption in a wide range of structural elements. Finally, the resulting optimized geometries demonstrate new objectives for the development of digital manufacturing techniques of mass-customized structures for the implementation in standard buildings.

关键词： Timber structure Structural optimization Shape optimization Shaping Analytical mechanics Parametric design Environmental design

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Implementing data-driven parametric building design with a flexible toolbox

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AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION 2020年 118卷 103252-103252页

作者： Brown, Nathan C. Jusiega, Violetta Mueller, Caitlin T. MIT Dept Architecture Bldg Technol Program 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Designers in architecture and engineering are increasingly employing parametric models linked to performance simulations to assist in early building design decisions. This context presents a clear opportunity to integrate advanced functionality for engaging with quantitative design objectives directly into computational design environments. This paper presents a toolbox for data-driven design, which draws from data science and optimization methods to enable customized workflows for early design space exploration. It then applies these approaches to a multi-objective conceptual design problem involving structural and energy performance for a long span roof with complex geometry and considerable design freedom. The case study moves from initial brainstorming through design refinement while demonstrating the advantages of flexible workflows for managing design data. Through investigation of a realistic early design prompt, this paper reveals strengths, limitations, potential pitfalls, and future opportunities for data-driven parametric design.

关键词： Multi-objective optimization Design space exploration Interactive optimization Structural design Sustainable design Conceptual design Surrogate modeling Energy simulation

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