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Market growth strategies for sustainable smart farm: A correlation and causal relationship approach

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2023年 16卷

作者： Jung, Mincheol Kim, Jimin Kim, Handon Hong, Taehoon Jang, Hyounseung Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Sch Architecture Architectural Engn Program Seoul 01811 South Korea Yonsei Univ Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn Seoul 03722 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol 232 Gongneung Ro Seoul 01811 South Korea

Smart farms are integral to agriculture, evolving with technology while increasing energy consumption. Addressing issues like data scarcity is vital for smart farm-market growth. This study identified these issues and conducted an analysis of both correlation and causal relationship. Additionally, it created a growth strategy roadmap for the smart farm-market, tailored to stakeholders. To achieve carbon neutrality, government support, energy self-sufficiency tech, and energy reduction efforts are essential. These findings offer valuable guidance for policy formulation and operational planning, aiding the promotion of smart farm-market growth with sustainability in mind. In summary, smart farms are evolving alongside technology but face energy challenges, data issues, and the need for supportive policies and sustainable practices, all of which this study addresses to foster growth.

关键词： Smart farm Energy consumption Sustainability Correlation Causal relationship

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Energy poverty: The paradox between low income and increasing household energy consumption in Brazil

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2022年第0期268卷

作者： Farias Simoes, Gianna Monteiro Leder, Solange Maria Fed Univ Paraiba UFPB Lab Environm Comfort Postgrad Program Architecture & Urbanism PPGAU Joao Pessoa Paraiba Brazil

Energy consumption can put a heavy burden on the family budget of the low-income population;many families cannot afford enough energy for their subsistence, comfort and leisure. The aim of this research was to understand the behavioral factors of a vulnerable population associated with their energy consumption. The research relates actual energy consumption data to spatial modifications of social households, to indoor thermal conditions, and to residents' behavior. The results showed that energy consumption has increased over the years. The main factors associated with the amount of energy used are: expansion of the built area, number of occupants, quantity of equipment (state of use and energy efficiency), time of the year (summer), and family composition. Of the sample, 51.0% consumed over 100.0 kWh per month (latest figure from August 2021) and enjoyed the minimum 10.0% discount of the National Social Tariff, while only 4.7% enjoyed the maximum discount of 65.0%;it seems that fully enjoying the subsidy offered by the government is unattainable for the low-income population. It is noteworthy that 37.6% of the sample is highly vulnerable and yet consume as much energy as households in a situation of energy security. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Slum rehabilitation housing Household energy use Energy poverty Vulnerability Occupants' behavior

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Estimation of the addition of fly ash and its environmental impact in the manufacture of cement pastes

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ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2024年第12期26卷 31677-31701页

作者： Alonso, Juan D. Gaviria, Ximena Lopez, Julian E. Saldarriaga, Juan F. Univ Andes Dept Civil & Environm Engn Carrera 1Este 19A-40 Bogota Colombia Univ Medellin Program Ind Engn Carrera 87 30-40 Medellin Colombia Inst Univ Colegio Mayor Antioquia Fac Architecture & Engn Carrera 78 65-46 Medellin 050034 Colombia Univ Basque Country Dept Chem Engn B Sarriena S-N Leioa 49840 Spain

The cement industry is one of those that consumes the most energy, due to the high temperatures required to produce this material, and it is also one of the most that generates high CO2 emissions. In this work, the addition of sugarcane ash, bituminous coal and hazardous residues in cement pastes were evaluated. For this, cement pastes were produced in accordance with ASTM C305, from which the test specimens were prepared to analyze compressive strength and parallel to this, metal leaching tests were performed using the SPLP procedure. Following this, the reactivity of the fly ash in the cement pastes was evaluated by means of thermogravimetric tests. The different analyzes were carried out at the ages of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 and 180 days. The ashes were characterized by XRF, XRD, and laser grain size, where the SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in the cane and bituminous coal ash were relatively high, contrary to what was obtained in the treated and untreated hazardous waste ash. These results are quite innovative because there are few works using HW in the literature. Cements with CAN, BIT, and THW5 were found to show equivalent and even superior compressive strength performance when compared to control. This work can be used as a guide and an inspiration for policymakers who want to apply this kind of material in the cement sector and promote evidence-based decisions and regulations.

关键词： Cement Fly ash Reactivity Leaching test Compressive strength

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Super resolution of historic Landsat imagery using a dual generative adversarial network (GAN) model with CubeSat constellation imagery for spatially enhanced long-term vegetation monitoring

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ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 2023年第1期200卷 1-23页

作者： Kong, Juwon Ryu, Youngryel Jeong, Sungchan Zhong, Zilong Choi, Wonseok Kim, Jongmin Lee, Kyungdo Lim, Joongbin Jang, Keunchang Chun, Junghwa Kim, Kyoung-Min Houborg, Rasmus Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Univ Virginia Dept Environm Sci Charlottesville VA USA Rural Dev Adm Natl Inst Agr Sci Jeonju South Korea Natl Inst Forest Sci Forest ICT Res Ctr Seoul South Korea Planet Labs PBC San Francisco CA USA

Detailed spatial representations of terrestrial vegetation are essential for precision agricultural applications and the monitoring of land cover changes in heterogeneous landscapes. The advent of satellite-based remote sensing has facilitated daily observations of the Earth's surface with high spatial resolution. In particular, a data fusion product such as Planet Fusion has realized the delivery of daily, gap-free surface reflectance data with 3-m pixel resolution through full utilization of relatively recent (i.e., 2018-) CubeSat constellation data. However, the spatial resolution of past satellite sensors (i.e., 30-60 m for Landsat) has restricted the detailed spatial analysis of past changes in vegetation. In order to overcome the spatial resolution constraint of Landsat data for long-term vegetation monitoring, we propose a dual remote-sensing super-resolution generative adversarial network (dual RSS-GAN) approach combining Planet Fusion and Landsat 8 data to simulate spatially enhanced long-term timeseries of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and near-infrared reflectance from vegetation (NIRv). We evaluated the performance of the dual RSS-GAN against in situ tower-based continuous measurements (up to 8 years) and remotely piloted aerial system-based maps of cropland and deciduous forest in the Republic of Korea. The dual RSS-GAN enhanced spatial representations in Landsat 8 images and captured seasonal variation in vegetation indices (R2 > 0.90, for the dual RSS-GAN maps vs in situ data from all sites). Overall, the dual RSSGAN reduced Landsat 8 vegetation index underestimations compared with in situ measurements;relative bias values of NDVI ranged from - 5.8 % to 0.3 % and - 12.4 % to - 3.7 % for the dual RSS-GAN and Landsat 8, respectively. This improvement was caused by spatial enhancement through the dual RSS-GAN, which reflects fine-scale information from Planet Fusion. Finally, the dual RSS-GAN maps showed both spatial enhancement and r

关键词： CubeSat Deep learning Generative adversarial network Landsat Super -resolution Vegetation index

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Decarbonization potential of regional combined heat and power development

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RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2024年第PartB期189卷

作者： Eardley, Scott Choi, Jun-Ki Hong, Taehoon An, Jongbaek Univ Dayton Renewable & Clean Energy Program Dayton OH 45469 USA Univ Dayton Dept Mech Engn Dayton OH 45469 USA Yonsei Univ Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn Seoul South Korea

Industrial decarbonization is a significant challenge to national net zero goals. Combined heat and power (CHP) technologies provide a means by which industrial facilities can achieve greater energy efficiency and decrease carbon emissions through cogenerating electric power and process heat. Regions possessing sufficient population density and manufacturing capacity have significant technical potential for industrial CHP development and can experience economic and environmental benefits. However, CHP implementation costs and the complexity of projects represent significant barriers to deployment with successful implementation often relying on government incentives to achieve economic feasibility. In this research, a framework is developed to evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental viability of various CHP technical potential under the various market penetration scenarios. A case study for a region in the United Sates is presented to highlight the efficacy of the framework. Projected CHP generating capacity of the region is calculated using commercial and industrial specific capacity factors. Comprehensive CHP engineering and cost data are integrated with regional economic transaction data. Then, comparative CHP application analysis is performed to determine which configuration could have the greatest regional economic and environmental impacts. Results indicated that investment in industrial topping cycle CHP to achieve the maximum technical potential generating capacity would have the greatest regional impacts resulting in $20 billion of economic outputs, creating 89,000 jobs, and avoiding approximately 3.2 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Results from this and similar research may be used by policymakers and administrators to assess potential investments in industrial decarbonization technologies and pathways.

关键词： Combined heat and power Economic input-output analysis Decarbonization Industrial energy efficiency

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A Mathematical Model of Diel Activity and Long Time Survival in Phototrophic Mixed-Species Subaerial Biofilms

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BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY 2024年第10期86卷 1-50页

作者： Tenore, A. Russo, F. Jacob, J. Grattepanche, J. D. Buttaro, B. Klapper, I. Univ Naples Federico II Dept Math & Applicat Naples Italy Natl Pk Serv Hist Architecture Conservat & Engn Program North Atlantic Appalachian Reg New York NY USA Temple Univ Dept Biol Philadelphia PA 19121 USA Temple Univ Sol Sherry Thrombosis Res Ctr Katz Sch Med Philadelphia PA USA Temple Univ Dept Math Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

Subaerial biofilms (SAB) are intricate microbial communities living on terrestrial surfaces, of interest in a variety of contexts including cultural heritage preservation, microbial ecology, biogeochemical cycling, and biotechnology. Here we propose a mathematical model aimed at better understanding the interplay between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, common microbial SAB constituents, and their mutual dependence on local environmental conditions. SABs are modeled as thin mixed biofilm-liquid water layers sitting on stone. A system of ordinary differential equations regulates the dynamics of key SAB components: cyanobacteria, heterotrophs, polysaccharides and decayed biomass, as well as cellular levels of organic carbon, nitrogen and energy. These components are interconnected through a network of energetically dominant metabolic pathways, modeled with limitation terms reflecting the impact of biotic and abiotic factors. Daily cylces of temperature, humidity, and light intensity are considered as input model variables that regulate microbial activity by influencing water availability and metabolic kinetics. Relevant physico-chemical processes, including pH regulation, further contribute to a description of the SAB ecology. Numerical simulations explore the dynamics of SABs in a real-world context, revealing distinct daily activity periods shaped by water activity and light availability, as well as longer time scale survivability conditions. Results also suggest that heterotrophs could play a substantial role in decomposing non-volatile carbon compounds and regulating pH, thus influencing the overall composition and stability of the biofilm.

关键词： Subaerial biofilm Cyanobacteria Heterotrophs Water activity Mathematical models

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Raising post-secondary education participation of young people transitioning from care: The effects of extended legislative support

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AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2024年第0期

作者： Tootell, Naomi Harvey, Andrew Univ Melbourne Fac Architecture Bldg & Planning Melbourne Australia Griffith Univ Pathways Pl Program Nathan Qld Australia

Out-of-home care is associated with a range of negative social outcomes for the young people who experience it. The most promising path to improved life chances for care-experienced young people is arguably through education, especially post-secondary education. Currently, no national data are collected on the post-secondary education participation of care-experienced young people. However, the evidence that exists suggests their participation rate is likely very low. Historically, one reason for post-secondary participation gaps has been the fact that care ended abruptly at 18 years, forcing care-experienced young people into independence much faster and earlier than the vast majority of their same-age peers. The recent extension to care to 21 years for most young people in care across all Australian jurisdictions has changed the out-of-home care landscape considerably. A central question is whether the extension of care will, in itself, result in increased post-secondary education access and success for care-experienced young people. We address this question through an examination of the current out-of-home care and education landscape, including state and territory legislation, Australian Government policy and current post-secondary settings and outcomes.

关键词： care leaver compulsory education higher education out-of-home care post-secondary education

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The Impact of Greening Strategies on Temperature Reduction at Bus Stop Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Na Youn Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seokhwan Lee, Dong Kun Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

This study analyzed the effectiveness of a vegetation strategy for mitigating heat within a bus stop shelter by implementing vegetation wind permeability and transpiration cooling processes using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. In scenario 1, a pot-type vertical greening system (VGS) without wind permeability had no significant effect on temperature reduction in the bus stop shelter. In contrast, scenario 2, with a mesh VGS allowing wind permeability, resulted in an average temperature reduction of 0.16°C within the interior area of the bus stop shelter, accompanied by shelter improved ventilation. Scenario 3, which entailed the removal of the shelter and the planting of trees, resulted in the least reduction in wind speed and an average temperature reduction of 0.14°C in the bus waiting area. Scenario 2 demonstrated the most effective temperature reduction for interior and surrounding area of the bus stop. Considering the normal effective temperature (NET), Scenario 3 provided the lowest sensation temperature. This indicates that the improved ventilation in Scenario 3 had a substantial impact on NET. Considering the effects of the vegetation strategies proposed in this study, it is essential to select suitable strategies for heat mitigation in bus-stop shelters based on regional and spatial considerations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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On the Land Value Capture: Politics of Land Use in the Global North and South

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HOUSING THEORY & SOCIETY 2024年第2期41卷 234-254页

作者： Nascimento Neto, Paulo Arreortua, Luis Salinas Moreira, Tomas Burnett, Frederico Lago Pontificia Univ Catolica Parana PUCPR Grad Program Urban Management PPGTU Curitiba Brazil Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Geog IG Inst Geog Mexico City Mexico Univ Sao Paulo Inst Arquitetura & Urbanismo IAU Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Estadual Maranhao UEAM Architecture & Urban Planning Dept Sao Luis Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Parana PUCPR Grad Program Urban Management PPGTU Imaculada Conceicao st n 1155 Curitiba BR-802159014 Brazil

Land Value Capture (LVC) in the Global South has long been a subject of long-standing debate, primarily driven by the need to address uneven urbanization and finance public investments. Despite its significance, current literature focuses on case analyses limited to local implementation contingencies. This paper aims to critically examine LVC as an epistemic object and question its approach within urban studies. Our hypothesis posits that LVC has remained confined to the empirical dimension of case studies, replicated for years, demanding a higher level of theorization that could reveal the colonizing intentions encrusted in the policy learning flows from the Global North.

关键词： Urban management urban policy land value capture commodification of urban space Global south

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Affordable green materials for developed cool roof applications: A review

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RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2024年 202卷

作者： Basyouni, Yassmin A. Mahmoud, Hatem Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol E JUST Sustainable Architecture Program New Borg El Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt Aswan Univ Engn Fac Dept Architectural Engn Aswan 81542 Egypt

Developing countries encounter challenges in adopting advanced roof systems due to the complexities associated with implementing advanced materials and techniques. This study introduces an advanced four-stage approach as a combined technique, aiming to formulate an innovative affordable cool roof application that addresses the limitations of contemporary cool roof systems. The first stage involves reviewing Cool Roof Materials (CRMs) by classifying them into three categories: traditional, modern, and advanced roofing systems, with subclasses for each category. In the second stage, Affordable Green Materials (AGMs) are reviewed to suggest alternatives aligned with the study objectives. The third stage focuses on monitoring performance methods to evaluate applicability, while the fourth stage assesses the potential transformation of these alternatives into future fabrication processes. The study suggested a natural composite sandwich panel that incorporates three main layers, with multiple potential materials alternatives for each layer. The main panel consists of a reflective coating layer, a natural insulation composite layer, and a substrate layer. It could result in a significant 44 % decrease in surface temperature, with potential energy savings reaching up to 70 % and reductions in cooling loads of up to 51 %. It forms the basis of a new affordable cooling roof technology that effectively addresses the complexity of contemporary systems, potentially resulting in significant advances in passive cooling systems. The review also identifies areas requiring further research. Ultimately, this combination of environmentally friendly solutions could pave the way for holistic innovation in sustainable building design, contributing substantially to global climate objectives and energy-saving targets.

关键词： Cool roof tiles technology Indoor thermal comfort Cooling loads Green materials Hot climate Composite manufacturing Architectural application

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