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Can urban shrinkage contribute to mitigating surface air temperature warming?

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 114卷

作者： Ma, Fengdi Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Coll Agr & Life Sci Integrated Major Smart City Gl Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

In recent years, urban areas are increasingly experiencing intense warming. Although urbanization is an important driver of warming in urban environments, it remains unclear whether depopulation trends in shrinking cities mitigate this warming effect. Here, we explored the relationship between shrinking cities and observed warming in China. Of the 356 Chinese cities, 95 were identified as shrinking between 2000 and 2010. We categorized 2419 observation stations into three groups-rural, shrinking, and non-shrinking-and generated a surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly series for each group from 1961 to 2014. Temperature differences between the shrinking and non-shrinking urban stations were investigated. Using segmented generalized least squares regression, the spatiotemporal temperature patterns across the mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax), and minimum temperatures (Tmin), diurnal temperature range (DTR) indicators, and across seasons-spring, summer, autumn, and winter-were explored. Results revealed a cooling effect in shrinking cities, with decadal decreases of 0.042 degrees C (-0.078 to -0.005 degrees C), 0.083 degrees C (-0.126 to -0.039 degrees C), and 0.029 degrees C (-0.062 to -0.005 degrees C) in regional Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin anomalies, respectively. Moreover, pronounced seasonality was identified in this phenomenon-the cooling effect was most notable for Tmean in spring and Tmax in autumn, less significant in summer, and negligible in winter. These results suggested that the population decline in shrinking cities could alleviate regional warming, having implications that could influence urban planning and climate mitigation policies.

关键词： Shrinking cities Temperature anomalies Regional warming Climate mitigation policies

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Surfactin as an alternative microbial collector to oleate in magnesite-quartz selective flotation

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SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023年第2期58卷 394-405页

作者： Koca, Sabiha Aksoy, Derya Ozdemir, Serhat Aytar Celik, Pinar Cabuk, Ahmet Koca, Huseyin Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ Dept Min Engn Fac Engn & Architecture Eskisehir Turkey Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Dept Biotechnol & Biosafety TR-26040 Eskisehir Turkey Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ Environm Protect & Control Program Eskisehir Turkey Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ Fac Sci & Letters Dept Biol Eskisehir Turkey Eskisehir Tech Univ Porsuk Tech Coll Eskisehir Turkey

The interactions of some microorganisms and microbial metabolites with the mineral surface are still being studied thanks to biotechnological advances. Studies on the usability of such microorganisms and metabolites in flotation are gradually increasing due to their potential to be eco-friendlier and more cost-effective alternatives. The primary goal of this research was to compare the ability of surfactin for magnesite-quartz separation as a collector in selective magnesite bioflotation to the results of classical flotation using oleate. In the experimental study, statistical experimental design methods were used. Mathematical models of the processes were created and also Gaudin selectivity indexes were calculated for both reagents. The feed, which contains approximately 19.70% SiO2, was cleaned with surfactin through one-stage magnesite flotation, reducing the silicate content to as low as 4.77%. Moreover, the efficiency and selectivity of magnesite flotation are retained by using surfactin even at high collector amounts and relatively low temperatures, unlike oleate. Novelty statement The novelty of this study was to determine the surfactin's applicability in magnesite-quartz separation in selective magnesite bioflotation. Bioflotation studies have shown that magnesite can be selectively floated from an ore containing magnesite and quartz. Considering that the feed contains approximately 19.7% SiO2, the ore was cleaned four times with surfactin using one-stage magnesite bioflotation, and the silicate content was reduced to as low as 4.77%.

关键词： Selective flotation surfactin oleate magnesite bioflotation

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Development of Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) for Biopotential Amplification

Development of Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS-Based Organic Electr...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Fadi C. Khoury Sahera A. Saleh Zeina S. Habli Massoud L. Khraiche Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group Biomedical Engineering Program Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of Beirut Lebanon

With the ever-increasing need for miniaturized and biocompatible devices for physiological recordings, high signal fidelity and ease of fabrication are key to achieve reliable data collection. This calls for the development of active recording devices such as Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) which, compared to passive electrodes, offer local amplification. In this work, we built PEDOT:PSS based OECTs using novel inkjet printing technology, achieving a transconductance of 75 mS. The device was later used to amplify arbitrary signals simulating in vivo recordings. Gate voltage offset manipulation offered a range of current peak-to-peak amplitudes. Additionally, we demonstrate a simple circuit for voltage readings, where another resistor-dependent characterization involving voltage source and drain voltage is performed. At ideal operating point and when using a 220 Ω resistor, a gain of 14.5 is *** Relevance— 1 This work demonstrates the ability to rapidly and easily develop OECT-based technology for potential signal sensing for more accurate diagnosis of pathologies and diseases.

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'Country giving you a thing of it': Elder-governed cultural therapy for Indigenous young people

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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024年第6期58卷 457-459页

作者： Vance, Alasdair McGaw, Janet Winther, Jo O'Meara, Angel Eades, Sandra Univ Melbourne Acad Child Psychiat Unit Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Royal Childrens Hosp Dev Neuropsychiat Program Melbourne Vic Australia Royal Childrens Hosp Wadja Aboriginal Family Pl Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Fac Architecture Bldg & Planning Melbourne Vic Australia Fac Med Dent & Hlth Sci Sch Populat & Global Hlth Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Acad Child Psychiat Unit Flemington Rd Melbourne Vic 3052 Australia Univ Melbourne Royal Childrens Hosp Dev Neuropsychiat Program Flemington Rd Melbourne Vic 3052 Australia

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Assessing the contemporary status of Nebraska's eastern saline wetlands by using a machine learning algorithm on the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022年第3期194卷 193-193页

作者： Zhang, Ligang Hu, Qiao Tang, Zhenghong Univ Nebraska Lincoln Sch Nat Resources Lincoln NE 68583 USA Univ Nebraska Lincoln Coll Architecture Community & Reg Planning Program 313 Architecture Hall Lincoln NE 68588 USA

Nebraska's eastern saline wetlands are globally unique and highly vulnerable inland salt marsh ecosystems. This research aims to evaluate the status of the saline wetlands in eastern Nebraska to discover the conditions of saline wetland hydrology, hydrophytes, and hydraulic soil. The research adopts machine learning and Google Earth Engine to classify Sentinel-2 imagery for water and vegetation classification and the National Agriculture Imagery program imagery for salinity conditions. Six machine learning models are applied in water, soil, and vegetation detection in the study area. The optimal model (linear kernel SVM) generates an overall accuracy of 99.95% for water classification. For saline vegetation classification, the optimal model is the gradient tree boost with an overall accuracy of 94.07%. The overall accuracy values of saline soil classification using the optimal model (linear kernel SVM) varied among different years. The results of this study show the possibility of an observation approach for continuously monitoring Nebraska's eastern saline wetlands. The water classification results show that the saline wetlands in this area all have a similar temporal water cover pattern within each year. For saline vegetation, the peak season in this area is between June and July. The years 2019 (19.00%) and 2018 (17.69%) had higher saline vegetation cover rates than 2017 (10.54%). The saline soil classification shows that the saline soil area is highly variable in response to changes in the water and vegetation conditions. The research findings provide solid scientific evidence for conservation decision-making in these saline wetland areas.

关键词： Land cover Hydrology Saline soil Saline vegetation Sentinel imagery Wetland mapping

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A two-stage stochastic model for workforce capacity requirement in shipbuilding

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JOURNAL OF MARINE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022年第3期21卷 146-158页

作者： Kafali, Mustafa Aydin, Nezir Genc, Yusuf Celebi, Ugur Bugra Istanbul Tech Univ Grad Sch Sci Engn & Technol Istanbul Turkey Yildiz Tech Univ Dept Ind Engn Istanbul Turkey Ordu Univ Vessel Construct Program Fatsa Vocat Higher Sch Fatsa Ordu Turkey Yildiz Tech Univ Naval Architecture & Marine Engn Dept Istanbul Turkey

Studies have been being carried out to make production faster and more organised in the shipbuilding industry, as in other industry. The fact that automation-based works are limited in the shipbuilding industry is one of the biggest challenges encountered in block production as in other stages of shipbuilding. The blocks are time-consuming and difficult components to produce in the shipbuilding process. They are the structures formed by joining the cut metal sheets, profiles and other components. These activities are carried out at the different stations of shipyards. Labour planning is one of the crucial issues in shipbuilding. In this study, the allocation of the required capacity during the pre-production stations of the block production, namely C and D, is examined stochastically. The amount of work, revisions and worker performance under uncertainty factors to be experienced in the production process are included in the problem. A two-stage stochastic mathematical recourse model was established to determine the amount of workforce capacity requirement (man*day) of the planning period at the pre-production station depending on the factors. Scenarios are determined randomly and the near-optimum solution was tried to be obtained by the Sample Average Approximation (SAA) approach.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Nonflammable Supramolecular Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible and High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

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ENERGY & FUELS 2023年第24期37卷 19939-19949页

作者： Gunday, Seyda Tugba Cevik, Emre Bozkurt, Ayhan Iqbal, Arfa Asiri, Sarah AlGhamdi, Amal Almofleh, Atheel Qahtan, Talal F. Al-Fares, Fatimah Ali Youssef Isik, Omer Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC Dept Biophys Bioenergy Res Unit Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia Univ Engn & Technol Inst Environm Engn & Res Lahore 54000 Pakistan Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC Postgrad Program Biotechnol Program Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ Coll Sci & Humanities Phys Dept Al Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia Istanbul Arel Univ Fac Engn Architecture Elect & Elect Engn Dept TR-34537 Istanbul Turkiye

The present work reports on high-performance and flexible supercapacitors assembled using a cost-effective and nonflammable electrolyte with activated carbon electrodes. The electrolyte was prepared by rapidly blending a ternary system comprising poly(vinyl alcohol)(P)/glycerol (G)/boric acid (B) hydrogel doped with LiNO3 (Li),-henceforth denoted as PGBLi,-at ambient temperature. Once partial in situ cross-linking occurred between P and B, the polymer electrolytes were cast onto the carbon electrodes. The doped PGBLi hydrogel electrolyte retained excellent flexibility and high ionic conductivity in a broad temperature domain, while the performance of the assembled supercapacitor devices measured at low and high temperatures confirmed the high stability. Moreover, the supercapacitor exhibited 396 F g(-1) specific capacitance at 1 A g(-1) and 27.41 Wh kg(-1), obtained at a power density of 118 W kg(-1), while 95.4% capacitive performance was maintained after 10 000 cycles, indicating adequate cyclic stability. Thus, the as-doped PGBLi hydrogel electrolyte is inexpensive, biocompatible, and nonflammable and meets the criteria for flexible wearable electronics;it can be considered for a variety of applications.

关键词： Capacitors Electrical properties Electrodes Electrolytes Polymers

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Using buffer analysis to determine urban park cooling intensity: Five estimation methods for Nanjing, China

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023年第1期868卷 161463页

作者： Xiao, Yi Piao, Yong Pan, Chao Lee, Dongkun Zhao, Bing Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture & Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Econ & Management Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Urban parks are part of the blue-green infrastructure of urban ecosystems. Although the cooling effect of urban parks has been widely recognized, the understanding of park cooling intensity (PCI) and its mechanisms remains incomplete. Applicable and accurate quantification could facilitate better design and management of urban parks. We used five methods (equal area method [EAM], equal radius method [ERM], fixed radius method [FRM], turning point method-maximum perspective [TPM-M], and turning point method-accumulation perspective [TPM-A]) to estimate PCI, and established the method selection mechanism, which we evaluated in terms of PCI amplitudes, spatial heterogeneity, and interactions with park landscape features. Using Nanjing as a case study, we employed spatial and statistical analyses to further assess the autocorrelation of PCI and its relationship with park landscape features. The results indicate the following: (1) 62.38 % of Nanjing's urban parks are located above the 90 % confidence level in cold spot areas. (2) Different methods had significant effects on the estimated PCI, were positively correlated, and had similar spatial heterogeneity. (3) All methods revealed that park area (PA), water area proportion (WAP), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the vegetated area (NDVIveg) were the three dominant factors that influenced PCI;WAP and NDVIveg that achieved more effective cooling. (4) The quantification of PCI using the ERM and TPM is recommended over other methods. These findings are essential for landscape planners to understand the formation of PCI and design cooler parks to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect more systematically.

关键词： Urban parks Cooling intensity Buffer analysis Landscape features Remote sensing

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Preparation and characterization of anorthite ceramics from sugar production solid waste: a statistical analysis of grinding parameters

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JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2022年第3期58卷 1025-1037页

作者： Kaya, Vacide Selin Sutcu, Mucahit Yalamac, Emre Ege Univ Aliaga Vocat Training Sch Met Program TR-35800 Izmir Turkey Izmir Katip Celebi Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Fac Engn & Architecture TR-35620 Izmir Turkey Manisa Celal Bayar Univ Dept Met & Mat Engn Fac Engn TR-45140 Manisa Turkey

The purpose of the study was to investigate the possibility of using press filter cake (PFC) waste from sugar production in the preparation of anorthite ceramics. In this study, at first step, the properties of anorthite ceramic compositions produced using different proportions of press filter cake (PFC) as calcium oxide source and chamotte as aluminosilicate source were investigated. A single anorthite phase was obtained in samples containing high PFC ratios sintered at high temperature. In the second step, the PCH-35 (35% PFC plus 65% chamotte) ceramic composition was statistically analyzed to examine grinding parameters and sintering temperatures. This composition was ground and sintered at different parameters to investigate the effects on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties on anorthite ceramics. The results indicated that the anorthite phase formed in the powders sintered at 1200 degrees C and 1300 degrees C after grinding was the major phase. With increasing sintering temperature, grinding speed, and time, the samples exhibited lower porosity, higher bulk density, and compressive strength. With the sintering of the samples at 1200 degrees C, the percentage of apparent porosity decreased from 49.95 to 25%, while the bulk density value increased from 1.36 to 2.03 g/cm(3) with increasing grinding speed and time. When the samples were sintered at 1300 degrees C, the percentage of apparent porosity decreased from 49.59 to 0.33%, while the bulk density value increased from 1.33 to 2.54 g/cm(3) with increasing grinding speed and time. The compressive strength results (from 26 to 82 MPa) increased due to body densification with the effect of increasing sintering temperature, grinding speed, and time.

关键词： Anorthite ceramics Sugar processing waste Grinding Sintering Statistical analysis

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High-Performance Concrete from Rubber and Shell Waste Materials: Experimental and Computational Analysis

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MATERIALS 2024年第22期17卷 5516页

作者： Miranda, Alejandra Munoz, Ricardo Aedo, Cristopher Bustos, Flavia Tuninetti, Victor Valenzuela, Marian Medina, Carlos Onate, Angelo Univ San Sebastian Coll Engn Architecture & Design Campus Las Tres PascualasLientur 1457 Concepcion 4060000 Chile Univ Bio Bio Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Av Collao 1202 Concepcion 4081112 Chile Univ Talca Fac Engn Engn Syst Doctoral Program Curico 3340000 Chile Univ La Frontera Dept Mech Engn Francisco Salazar 01145 Temuco 4811230 Chile Univ La Frontera Doctoral Program Sci Nat Resources Francisco Salazar 01145 Temuco 4811230 Chile Univ Concepcion Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn DIM Edmundo Larenas 219 Concepcion 4070409 Chile Univ Concepcion Fac Engn Dept Mat Engn DIMAT Edmundo Larenas 315 Concepcion 4070138 Chile

Waste and its environmental impact have driven the search for sustainable solutions across various industries, including construction. This study explores the incorporation of solid waste in the production of eco-friendly structural concrete, aiming to reduce pollution and promote ecological and sustainable construction practices. In this context, two types of eco-friendly concrete were produced using marine shells and recycled rubber as waste materials and compared with conventional concrete through experimental and computational approaches. The results demonstrated that the concrete with marine shells achieved a compressive strength of 32.4 MPa, 26.5% higher than conventional concrete, and a 1% reduction in weight. In contrast, the recycled rubber concrete exhibited a compressive strength of 22.5 MPa, with a 2 MPa decrease compared to conventional concrete, but a 4.3% reduction in density. Computational analysis revealed that porosity affects Young's modulus, directly resulting in a reduction in the maximum achievable strength. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to produce eco-friendly structural concrete through the proper integration of industrial waste, contributing to decarbonization and waste valorization.

关键词： eco-concrete structural concrete porosity decarbonization waste valorization

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