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Effect of reinforcing details on seismic behavior of RC exterior wide beam-column joint

EARTHQUAKES AND STRUCTURES 2023年第4期25卷 283-296页

作者： Kim, Jae Hyun Choi, Seung-Ho Han, Sun-Jin Jeong, Hoseong Lee, Jae-Yeon Kim, Kang Su Univ Seoul Dept Architectural Engn 163 Siripdae ro Seoul 02504 South Korea Univ Seoul Dept Fire & Disaster Prevent Engn 163 Siripdae ro Seoul 02504 South Korea Univ Seoul Dept Architectural Engn 163 Siripdae ro Seoul 02504 South Korea Univ Seoul Smart City Interdisciplinary Major Program 163 Siripdae ro Seoul 02504 South Korea Mokwon Univ Dept Architecture 88 Doanbuk ro Daejeon 35349 South Korea

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of seismic performance on reinforced concrete (RC) wide beam (WB) joints. Two RC-WB joint specimens and one conventional RC joint specimen were fabricated using the reinforcing details of longitudinal reinforcing bars in a beam as a variable, and quasi-static cyclic loading tests were performed. The results were used to compare and analyze the load-drift ratio relationship, failure mode, and seismic performance of the specimens quantitatively. In addition, a finite element (FE) analysis of the RC-WB joint was conducted, and the rationality of the FE model was validated by comparing it with the test results. Based on the FE model, a parametric study was conducted, where the ratio of longitudinal reinforcing bars placed on the outer and inner parts of the joint (rho(ex)/rho(in)) was a key variable. The results showed that, in the RC-WB joint, an increase of rho(ex)/rho(in) leads to more severe damage to concrete, which reduces the seismic performance of the RC-WB joints.

关键词： exterior joint quasi-static cyclic loading test reinforced concrete seismic performance wide beam

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Hyperlocal Observations Reveal Persistent Extreme Urban Heat in Southeast Florida

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY 2023年第7期62卷 863-872页

作者： Clement, Amy Troxler, Tiffany Keefe, Oaklin Arcodia, Marybeth Cruz, Mayra Hernandez, Alyssa Adefris, Zelalem Moanga, Diana Brown, Natalia Jacobson, Susan Univ Miami Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci Miami FL 33136 USA Florida Int Univ Inst Environm Dept Earth & Environm Miami FL USA MIT Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog Appl Woods Hole MA USA Stanford Univ Dept Earth Syst Sci Stanford CA USA Catalyst Miami Miami FL USA Florida Int Univ Coll Commun Architecture & Arts Dept Journalism & Media Miami FL USA

Cities around the world are experiencing the effects of climate change via increasing extreme heat wors-ened by urbanization. Within cities, there are disparities in extreme heat exposure that are apparent in various surface and remotely sensed observations, as well as in the health impacts. There are, however, large data gaps in our ability to quantify the heat experienced by people in their daily lives across urban areas. In this paper, we use hyperlocal observations to mea-sure heat around Miami-Dade County, Florida. Temperature and humidity measurements were collected at sites through-out the county between 2018 and 2021 with low-cost sensors. By comparing these hyperlocal observations with a National Weather Service (NWS) site at the Miami International Airport (MIA), we show that maximum temperatures are on aver-age 6 degrees F (3.3 degrees C) higher and maximum heat index values are 11F (6.1 degrees C) higher at sites in the county than at MIA. These measurements show that many sites frequently record a heat index above the local threshold value for heat advisory. This is in contrast with the fact that few forecast advisories are issued, and there are correspondingly few exceedances of the threshold at MIA. We use these results to motivate a discussion about the issues of this particular threshold for Miami- Dade County. We highlight the need for data that are closer to residents' lived experience to assess the impacts of heat and help inform local and regional decision-making, particularly where heat exposure may be underappreciated as a potential public health hazard.

关键词： Atmosphere Ocean Climate Climate records Societal impacts

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Finite element analysis of the femur fracture for a different total hip prosthesis (Charnley, Osteal, and Thompson)

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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS 2023年第6期88卷 583-588页

作者： Zagane, Mohammed El Sallah Abdelmadjid, Moulgada Yaylaci, Murat Abderahmen, Sahli Yaylaci, Ecren Uzun Univ Ibn Khaldoun Tiaret Dept Mech Engn Tiaret 14000 Algeria Univ Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes Dept Mech Engn LMPM Lab Sidi Bel Abbes 22000 Algeria Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Biomed Engn MSc Program TR-53100 Rize Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Dept Civil Engn TR-53100 Rize Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Fac Engn & Architecture TR-53100 Rize Turkiye

Total hip replacement is a crucial intervention for patients with fractured hips who face challenges in natural recovery. The design of durable prostheses requires a comprehensive understanding of the natural processes occurring in bone. This article focuses on static loading analysis, specifically during stumbling activity, aiming to enhance the longevity of prosthetic implants. Three distinct implants, Charnley, Osteal, and Thompson, were selected for a detailed study to determine the most appropriate model. The results revealed critical insights into the distribution of Von Mises stresses on the components of femoral arthroplasty, including the cement, implant, and cortical bone. Furthermore, the examination of shear stress within the cement emerged as a pivotal aspect for all three implants, playing a crucial role in evaluating the performance and durability of hip prostheses. The conclusions drawn from this study strongly suggest that the Thompson model stands out as the most suitable choice for hip joint implants.

关键词： cement finite element method stress total hip prosthesis

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Synthesizing Point Cloud Data Set for Historical Dome Systems 19th

Synthesizing Point Cloud Data Set for Historical Dome System...

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19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) - Design Imperatives - The Future is Now

作者： Gunes, Mustafa Cem Mertan, Alican Sahin, Yusuf H. Unal, Gozde Ozkar, Mine Istanbul Tech Univ Architectural Design Comp Grad Program TR-34437 Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Tech Univ Fac Comp & Informat Engn Comp Engn TR-34469 Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Tech Univ Dept Architecture TR-34437 Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9789811912801;9789811912795

This paper offers a workflow for generating synthetic point cloud data sets to be used in deep learning algorithms in tasks of modeling historical architectural elements. Documentation of cultural heritage is a time-consuming process that requires high precision. Computational and semi-automatic tools enhance conventional methods to shorten the duration of the documentation phase and increase the accuracy of the output. Photogrammetry and laser scanning are how geometrical data is acquired and delivered as a point cloud with position, color, and optionally normal vector information. Segmenting architectural elements based on our interpretations of this data is possible using deep neural networks but is limited when, despite the millions of points from one building, the data is insufficient in terms of variance and quantity. To overcome this limitation, we propose a semi-automatic synthetic data set generation using parametric definitions of historic architectural elements. We create a synthetic dataset, namely the Historical Dome Dataset (HDD), consisting of nearly 1000 dome systems with four semantic classes. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the usefulness of the HDD by training a number of modern neural networks on it. Our method of synthesizing point clouds can quickly be adapted into similar cultural heritage projects to prepare relevant data to accurately train deep neural networks and process the collected cultural heritage data.

关键词： Cultural heritage Synthetic data set Point clouds Deep learning Training data

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Human-centred performance criteria for adaptive fa?ade design: Based on the results of a user experience survey

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 222卷

作者： Koyaz, Mine uenlue, Aslihan Istanbul Tech Univ Construct Sci Doctoral Program ITU Taskisla Kampusu TR-34437 Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Bilgi Univ Fac Architecture Dept Architecture Kazim Karabekir Cad 2-13 TR-34060 Istanbul Turkey Ozyegin Univ Fac Architecture & Design Nisantepe MahOrman Sok TR-34794 Istanbul Turkey

Indoor environmental conditions have significant effects on the user, in terms of comfort, satisfaction, and well-being. Even though the facade is one of the main systems that shape the indoor environment, there is a lack of research on how it affects the user. In work environments, not only indoor conditions but also the daily in-teractions with the building's facade (i.e. opening a window, closing a window blind, or simply looking through a window) have a consequential impact on the user experience. In that respect, as a part of ongoing doctoral research, an international online survey study was conducted to investigate users' experiences in their work environments, related to the building's facade. The questionnaire was structured not only to understand the users' current experiences but also their anticipations in terms of a preferred user experience concept. Hence, portrays a perspective on the question: what do users want from the facade that they are interacting with, in work environments? This paper primarily presents the effects of the human factors on the preference levels of different user experiences and interpretation of the results leads to the determination of human-centred performance criteria for adaptive facade design.

关键词： Human -centred design User experience User comfort Adaptive facade Fa?ade performance

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Predicting susceptibility to landslides under climate change impacts in metropolitan areas of South Korea using machine learning

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GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK 2021年第1期12卷 2462-2476页

作者： Park, Sang-Jin Lee, Dong-kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea

Landslides cause considerable damage to life and property worldwide. In order to prevent and respond to landslides, it is necessary to identify vulnerable areas. This study identified areas that are likely to be damaged by landslides and aimed to predict future landslides. We compared and analyzed areas using machine learning (ML) algorithms, and conducted susceptibility mapping and landslide prediction using an algorithm that produced excellent results. For landslide predictions, the probability distribution of precipitation in the representative concentration pathway scenario 8.5 was used. We accounted for future uncertainties by using several regional climate model scenarios. Comparing the performances of different ML algorithms, the overall prediction accuracy of the random forest (0.932) was excellent. Susceptibility to landslides in the future determined using the random forest and five other regional climate models exhibited minor differences, but the average susceptibility increased over time. In addition, many urban areas are distributed around forest areas that have high landslide vulnerabilities, which provide important perspectives for urban and environmental planning.

关键词： Climate change adaptation representative concentration pathway random forest landslide susceptibility disaster management

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Computational modelling and simulation to mitigate the risk of daylight exposure in tropical museum buildings

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第2期5卷 171-184页

作者： Rizki A.Mangkuto Tommy Partogi Simamora Desliana Putri Pratiwi Mochamad Donny Koerniawan Building Physics Research Group Faculty of Industrial TechnologyInstitut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesiaJl.Ganesha 10Labtek VIBandung 40132Indonesia Engineering Physics Program Faculty of Industrial TechnologyInstitut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesiaJl.Ganesha 10Labtek VIBandung 40132Indonesia Building Technology Research Group School of ArchitecturePlanningand Policy DevelopmentInstitut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesiaJl.Ganesha 10Labtek IXBBandung 40132Indonesia

In museum design and operation,daylight is typically discouraged due to high risk of damaging the display ***,past studies in high-latitude regions have shown the possibility to apply daylight in museums,so long as it is carefully planned,and the display objects are not from the category of high responsive *** the tropical region,the influence of daylighting on light exposure on museum objects is still *** study therefore aims to assess and mitigate the impact of annual daylight exposure on objects with low responsive materials in a tropical daylit museum *** daylight modelling and simulation are performed to achieve the objective,followed with Morris sensitivity analysis and Mahalanobis distance classifier to optimise the *** is found that either WWR or glazing transmissivity gives the greatest influence on the performance *** on the proposed optimisation algorithm,it is possible to determine the optimum solutions satisfying the performance indicators target,for a certain opening ***,the contribution of this study is the proposed computational modelling and simulation methods to mitigate the exposure risk while optimising daylight as a renewable energy source.

关键词： Daylighting Museum Computational modelling Simulation Annual light exposure

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Comparative analysis of SPI, SPEI, and RDI ındices for assessing spatio-temporal variation of drought in Türkiye

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EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS 2024年第5期17卷 4473-4505页

作者： Oz, Fatma Yaman Ozelkan, Emre Tatli, Hasan Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ Fac Humanities & Social Sci Dept Geog Canakkale Turkiye Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ Fac Architecture & Design Remote Sensing Res & Applicat Ctr Sch Grad StudiesDept City & Reg Planning Canakkale Turkiye Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ Remote Sensing Res & Applicat Ctr Sch Grad Studies Risk Management Nat Disasters Program Canakkale Turkiye Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ Fac Humanities & Social Sci Dept Geog Phys Geog Div Canakkale Turkiye

This research presents a comprehensive drought analysis using climate data obtained from 219 homogeneously distributed meteorological stations in T & uuml;rkiye between 1991 and 2022. In this context, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) drought indices were used and comparative analysis was made. T & uuml;rkiye. The study demonstrates that below-normal precipitation over extended periods and increasing temperatures have contributed to the increased frequency of meteorological drought events. T & uuml;rkiye's topographic conditions, particularly its location in the Mediterranean basin, significantly influence drought occurrences. It is noted that over the past 20 years, T & uuml;rkiye has been trending towards drier conditions, with rising temperatures reinforcing this trend. The study observes that the moderate drought class range is the most frequently recurring in the SPI, SPEI, and RDI methods utilized. Regarding atmospheric conditions affecting the climate in T & uuml;rkiye, it is observed that increased drought severity stands out prominently in years when the North Atlantic Oscillation is positive. During these years, increased drought severity is evident in the SPI, SPEI, and RDI indices, particularly in winter and autumn, while a wide area experiences drought effects in the summer months. Long-term analyses emphasize that drought periods occur less frequently but have more prolonged impacts, attributed to variations in precipitation patterns from year to year and the influence of rising temperatures due to global climate change. The potential future increase in drought in the Mediterranean basin due to global climate change and T & uuml;rkiye's vulnerability to this situation could have adverse effects on water resources, food security, energy sources, and ecosystems.

关键词： SPI SPEI RDI Drought

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Through the lens of the glass cabinet: entering the material realm of museum objects

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INTERIORS-DESIGN architecture CULTURE 2020年第3期10卷 172-190页

作者： Pilegaard, Ane Royal Danish Acad Architecture Inst Architecture & Design Design Conservat Copenhagen Denmark Spatial Design MA program Copenhagen Denmark

This article discusses questions of spatial configuration and display design in museums, and how this affects the way museum objects are perceived. Based on an in-depth analysis of the Glass Cabinet at Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark, the article explores how the glass items on display are seen not as singular objects, with a curated (hi)story to tell, but more as a collected mass of disparate glass objects with a material reality of their own. When looking at these objects, the spectator is placed within a large glass enclosure which protects the objects on display from the curious hands of museum visitors. However, this glass 'vitrine' also has the effect of putting the museum visitor on display, thereby challenging conventional subject-object relations within museums. In order to discuss the particular subversive ways in which the Glass Cabinet presents its objects, the article will partly draw on museological research on object collections and museum display, and partly on current thinking within the fields of object-oriented ontology and new materialism, where a de-centering of humans is proposed and the material realm of objects is emphasized. By speculating about the obscure life of objects within the Glass Cabinet, and the effects this might have upon the visual operations at play, this article will reflect on - and challenge - the ways in which we display and look at objects within museums today.

关键词： museum display exhibition design museum collection material presence Rosenborg Castle Glass Cabinet

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Sociocultural concepts for the Chinese settlement resilience in Lasem 3

Sociocultural concepts for the Chinese settlement resilience...

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3rd International Conference on Sustainability in Architectural Design and Urbanism, ICSADU 2019

作者： Sudarwani, Margareta M. Purwanto, Edi Siti Rukayah, R. Architecture Study Program Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia Department of Architecture Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

This paper presents the resilience phenomenon of Chinese Settlement that faces the political policies and economic activities in Lasem. The political and economic conditions that have lasted for centuries do not influenced the resilience of the culture and architecture of Lasem Chinese Settlement. The resilience of Lasem Chinese Settlement is reflected in several temples with their original and unique architectural design that has been around for hundreds of years. They become artefacts that remain resistant to change and have their own meaning for Lasem Chinese community. The purpose of this study is to determine the resilience phenomenon of Lasem Chinese Settlement. This research is expected to provide knowledge about the activities, functions, and values of space and form that play a role in maintaining human existence as its inhabitants. This study employed a qualitative approach that was based on the naturalistic paradigm with an inductive method. The end of the research conclusion was to build local knowledge from the field of study. The result of the research showed that the Chinese Settlement was able to adjust to the political and economic development. The resilience of space and form of Lasem Chinese Settlement can be viewed by the ability of settlement, public and religious spaces in maintaining human existence as its inhabitants. The resilience grows from the socio-cultural values and gives Lasem city sense of place and local identification that remains resistance. © 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Economics

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