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Mapping livestock grazing in semi-natural areas in the European Union and United Kingdom

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2024年第2期39卷 31-31页

作者： Malek, Ziga Schulze, Katharina Bartl, Hedwig Keja, Wim Petersen, Jan-Erik Tieskens, Koen Jones, Gwyn Verburg, Peter H. Vrije Univ Amsterdam Inst Environm Studies IVM Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Ljubljana Biotech Fac Dept Landscape Architecture Ljubljana Slovenia European Forum Nat Conservat & Pastoralism Lampeter Wales Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA Adv Syst Anal Program Laxenburg Austria European Environm Agcy EEA Copenhagen Denmark Boston Univ Sch Publ Hlth Boston MA USA Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland

ContextLivestock grazing throughout Europe has resulted in high diversity of semi-natural areas in past centuries. Currently, most low intensity grazing relying on semi-natural vegetation is found primarily in marginal lands. These areas still host a high-level of biodiversity but are subject to abandonment and agricultural *** information on areas where semi-natural vegetation is still grazed, and how contextual geographic conditions encourage or limit grazing is missing, hindering their protection. We present an interdisciplinary approach to map the spatial distribution of grazing in semi-natural areas of the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsWe first interviewed grazing experts from European countries, who provided us with estimates on grazing across selected land cover classes per environmental zone and Member State. Subsequently, we analysed the spatial distribution of grazing through maximum entropy modeling using pan-European in-situ data on grazing observations (using LUCAS, an EU wide land use survey) and a set of geographic characteristics representing the local socio-economic, terrain, soil and climatic *** expert-derived estimates on grazing suggest that 20.6% (or 134 thousand km2) of semi-natural areas in the EU + UK are grazed, although with low livestock densities. In addition, we find that there is great variety across the region in the factors that explain the occurrence of grazing: while in some regions, farmers' age and distance to markets are most important, in others terrain or climate are influencing the location of grazing. Finally, we were able to map both the grazing probability as well as actual spatial distribution of grazing on semi-natural areas for the whole of EU and *** data can assist in prioritizing future conservation efforts in these unique land systems.

关键词： Semi-natural areas Livestock grazing Machine learning Land use and land cover

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The sanitation arc: an alternative examination of WASH behavior change

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JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT 2022年第1期12卷 90-101页

作者： VanRiper, Froggi Russel, Kory C. Tillias, Daniel Laporte, Jessica Lloyd, Erica Cramer, Lori Kramer, Sasha Oregon State Univ Environm Sci Grad Program 2900 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA Univ Oregon Dept Landscape Architecture 5249 Univ Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA Univ Oregon Environm Studies Program 5249 Univ Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA Fatraka 7 Rue Covelsa Cite Soleil Haiti SOIL 3950 Green Valley Sch Rd Sebastopol CA 95472 USA Oregon State Univ Sch Publ Policy 2251 SW Campus Way Corvallis OR 97331 USA

A primary goal of the WASH sector is to facilitate transitions from open defecation to improved sanitation. Many residents of low-income countries desire improved sanitation but lack the resources to obtain or maintain access to toilets. For such persons, describing the goal as 'behavior change' implies a deficiency in mindset, failing to capture contextual factors affecting sanitation access. Furthermore, household circumstances affect movement both up and down the sanitation ladder, a phenomenon that the sector tends to overlook. This study, based on interviews with 308 former subscribers to Haitian container-based-sanitation service EkoLakay, tracks household sanitation access at four points in time: prior to subscribing, during the subscription period, immediately upon unsubscribing, and at the time of interview. We describe this movement through time as the 'sanitation arc'. Prior to subscribing, households were more likely to practice open defecation or rely on non-household sanitation, and less likely to have private improved sanitation than the average urban Haitian. This distribution is reversed among former subscribers. Nearly half of former subscribers, however, could not afford continuous access to EkoLakay;80% of involuntary terminations resulted in loss of access to private improved sanitation, and over one-third of these households reverted to open defecation.

关键词： container-based sanitation improved sanitation open defecation sanitation arc sanitation ladder transitional sanitation

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Evaluation for User's Safety through Psychological Perception and Walkable Path Physical Design 20

Evaluation for User's Safety through Psychological Perceptio...

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20th Sustainable, Environment and architecture, SENVAR 2020

作者： Apritasari, Y.D. Architecture Program Podomoro University APL Tower jl Let.Jen S Parman Kav 28 Jakarta Pusat Indonesia

Safety is one of the four basic needs of pedestrians. It must be met before other pedestrian paths are met, namely: function, comfort, and aesthetics. The DKI Jakarta government has improved the quality of the walkable path infrastructure in the Thamrin Sudirman area. Which the areas are trade and service centers and primary activity centers, as well as a strategic area (Integrated Commerce Center and Upper Hamlet area are exchanges of mass public transport ( TOD) (Spatial Planning for DKI Jakarta Province in 2010-2030). It is to improve pedestrian convenience and safety. This study aims to explore the safety problems of the pedestrian in the Thamrin Sudirman area. The research methodology used is qualitative by observing the perception of psychological parameters and physical design parameters for pedestrian safety. The results will show a physical parameter design: an open design and a transparent fa ade that gives a high perception of safety for pedestrians. Then it can be a role model for the design of other walkable paths design. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pedestrian safety

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Migration and integration of middle-class Venezuelans in Costa Rica: Drivers, capitals, and livelihoods

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WELLBEING SPACE AND SOCIETY 2023年 5卷

作者： Mcmanus, Sophie Iraz, Clara Univ Maryland Sch Architecture Planning & Preservat Urban Studies & Planning Program College Pk MD 20742 USA

The current Venezuelan crisis has spurred one of the largest mass migrations in Latin American history, with estimates of more than 7 million migrants leaving Venezuela (UNHCR, 2023). Most Venezuelans leaving the country are economically disenfranchised migrants fleeing to neighboring countries with limited economic re-sources. However, there are upper-and middle-class well-educated Venezuelans migrating to other parts of Latin America whose socio-economic status allows for a different migration experience. This paper draws on quali-tative research conducted in 2020-2022 which investigated the dynamics of the upper-and middle-class Ven-ezuelan diaspora settled in the suburbs of San Jose ', Costa Rica. Specifically, the research focused on the migration and integration experiences of Venezuelans in Escazu and Santa Ana, modern, upscale suburbs, due to their rapid increase of Venezuelan population. This paper draws on 14 semi-structured interviews in an effort to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the migration and integration process and answer the questions: (1) What are the factors influencing migrants' decisions to migrate;(2) what capitals do migrants have and how do they mobilize them;and (3) what do the personal accounts of migration decisions and experiences reveal about the overall well-being of migrants? We build on the Push/Pull Plus Migration Drivers (Van Hear et al., 2018) and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (Sen, 1981;Chambers, 1983) as analytical frameworks. Findings suggest that our composite framework provides a useful lens through which to understand the decision to migrate for upper and middle class Venezuelan migrants to Costa Rica, and sheds light on the initial stages of their integration process. The addition of cultural and political capitals as assets relevant for understanding migration livelihoods is critical in migratory contexts and shed light on the ways in which migrants navigate the formal and informal integration proc

关键词： Migration Integration Venezuelans Costa Rica Livelihoods Drivers Capitals

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Assessment of the efficiency of dental excavation methods using laser speckle imaging

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LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024年第1期39卷 137-137页

作者： Abi Nassif, Lea Mikhael, Maria Pellen, Fabrice Faraj, Marwa Mhanna, Rami Le Jeune, Bernard Le Brun, Guy Daou, Maha Abboud, Marie St Joseph Univ Fac Sci Phys Dept UR TVA BP 11-514 Riad El Solh Beirut 11072050 Lebanon Univ Bretagne Occidentale Lab OPTIMAG 6 Ave GorgeuCS 93837 F-29238 Brest 3 France St Joseph Univ Fac Dent Craniofacial Res Lab BP 11-514 Riad Solh Beirut 11072050 Lebanon Amer Univ Beirut Maroun Semaan Fac Engn & Architecture Biomed Engn Program Beirut 11072020 Lebanon

This paper introduces a novel application of the laser speckle technique in dentistry, focusing on assessing the efficiency of dental excavation methods used to remove decayed tooth structure. The aim is to evaluate the efficiency of two chemo-mechanical agents and the high-speed drill using the laser speckle technique, which offers objective, non-invasive, and real-time evaluation capabilities. Extracted human primary molars with active occlusal carious lesions were sectioned into three parts, with each part allocated to one of three groups: Group 1 (Brix3000 (R)), Group 2 (Papacarie DUO (R)), and Group 3 (High-speed drill mechanical caries removal). Caries removal was performed using the designated agent or method for each group. After caries excavation, speckle imaging using a 632.8 nm laser was conducted. Additionally, SEM was used to acquire micro-photographs of the surface morphology of the treated samples. The findings reveal insights into the comparative efficiency of the three dental excavation agents and methods using the laser speckle technique. The speckle parameters extracted from speckle patterns generated by treated teeth provide valuable information for evaluating the performance of the excavation methods. The scanning electron microscopy images also offer detailed visual evidence to support the analysis. This paper demonstrates the potential of the laser speckle technique for assessing the efficiency of dental excavation methods. The objective, non-invasive, and real-time evaluation provided offers advantages over subjective visual assessment and manual measurements.

关键词： Speckle Laser 632.8 nm Dentistry Excavation Dental caries

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Pneu-skin: A haptic social interface with inflatable fabrics 26

Pneu-skin: A haptic social interface with inflatable fabrics

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26th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia: Projections, CAADRIA 2021

作者： Wang, Yujie Godoy, Marcela Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Architecture and Planning United States New York University Shanghai Interactive Media Arts Program China

ISBN: (纸本)9789887891758

Wearable electronics endow us a great capacity to see clothing as an extension of our body and an interface to interact with our physical and social environment. The fashion industry is experimenting with new tectonics and materiality, however, few projects have explored wearables in the public and social domains and how it can dynamically respond to a wide range of interpersonal distances in social interaction. PNEU-SKIN is a pneumatic wearable that uses critical making as a research strategy to explore interactive and soft interfaces to create soft boundaries between private and public space. This paper proposes an embodied computation agenda and describes the design and prototyping process of a multi-sensory smart skin in response to varying social distance in interpersonal communication. By looking at adaptive behaviors in nature and the way that certain animal species respond to external stimuli by increasing their size and providing multi-sensory responses, PNEU-SKIN looks into how our clothing could become an adaptable skin to redefine interpersonal communication experience within everyday social interaction. © 2021 and published by the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA), Hong Kong.

关键词： Architectural design

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Analyzing Morinda citrifolia's Potential for Haemonchus contortus Control in Lambs Using an Artificial Immune/Neural Approach

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 122462-122473页

作者： Silva, Gabriele L. S. Oliveira, Laura L. S. Silva, Fredson V. Camargos, Murilo O. Liborio, Matheus P. D'Angelo, Marcos F. S. V. Caldeira, Alisson S. P. Miralles-Pechuan, Luis Rabiei, Hamid State Univ Montes Claros UNIMONTES Grad Program Hlth Sci BR-39401089 Montes Claros Brazil State Univ Montes Claros UNIMONTES Dept Agr Sci BR-39401089 Montes Claros MG Brazil State Univ Montes Claros UNIMONTES Grad Program Comp Modeling & Syst BR-39401089 Montes Claros Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais Inst Continuing Educ BR-30535910 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil State Univ Montes Claros UNIMONTES Dept Comp Sci BR-39401089 Montes Claros Brazil FIOCRUZ Minas BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Technol Univ Dublin Sch Comp Sci Dublin 7 Ireland UCD Sch Architecture Planning & Environm Policy Dublin 4 Ireland

Sheep farming faces significant health challenges, particularly from gastrointestinal nematodes like Haemonchus contortus, which can severely impact animal health. In response, there is growing interest in herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants as alternative solutions for parasite control. This approach offers multiple benefits, including local availability, reduced risk of anthelmintic resistance, decreased dependency on synthetic chemical treatments, and improved shelf life. Among the promising alternatives, Morinda citrifolia has shown potential for effective nematode control. This study evaluates the anthelmintic efficacy of the hydroalcoholic crude extract (EHMC) of Morinda citrifolia using a clustering approach based on an Artificial Immune/Neural System to determine the optimal dosage. The findings reveal that the EHMC of Morinda citrifolia inhibits the hatching of Haemonchus contortus eggs, increases the mortality of adult nematodes, and demonstrates anthelmintic activity in lambs without causing adverse effects on animal health or negatively impacting meat quality. This suggests that Morinda citrifolia extract is a promising natural alternative for controlling parasitic infections in sheep.

关键词： Artificial immune/neural system morinda citrifolia haemonchus contortus control

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Miniaturized Shear Testing: In-Plane and Through-Thickness Characterization of Plywood

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MATERIALS 2024年第22期17卷 5621页

作者： Tuninetti, Victor Sandoval, Moises Cardenas-Ramirez, Juan Pablo Onate, Angelo Miranda, Alejandra Soto-Zuniga, Paula Arnett, Michael Leiva, Jorge Cancino, Rodrigo Univ La Frontera Dept Mech Engn Temuco 4811230 Chile Univ La Frontera Fac Engn Master Program Engn Sci Temuco 4811230 Chile Eagon Lautaro SA R&D Innovat Dept Ruta 5 Sur Km 644 Lautaro 4860000 Chile Univ Autonoma Chile Fac Arquitectura Construcc & Medio Ambiente Temuco 4810101 Chile Ingn Innovac & Desarrollo Sustentable Ltda Cacique Cheuquellan 01689B Temuco 4780000 Chile Univ Concepcion Fac Engn Dept Mat Engn DIMAT Edmundo Larenas 315 Concepcion 4070138 Chile Univ San Sebastian Coll Engn Architecture & Design Campus Las Tres PascualasLientur 1457 Concepcion 4060000 Chile Univ La Frontera Program Civil Engn Temuco 4811230 Chile

This study addresses the challenges associated with conventional plywood shear testing by introducing a novel miniaturized shear test method. This approach utilizes a controlled router toolpath for precise sample fabrication, enabling efficient material use and data acquisition. Miniaturized samples, designed with double shear zones, were tested for tau xy, tau xz, and tau yz configurations using a universal testing machine. Results revealed a mean ultimate shear strength ranging from 5.6 MPa to 7.3 MPa and a mean shear modulus ranging from 0.039 GPa to 0.095 GPa, confirming the orthotropic nature of plywood. The resulting shear behavior was determined with stress-strain curves correlated with failure patterns. The miniaturized tests effectively captured the material's heterogeneous behavior, particularly at smaller scales, and demonstrated consistent load-bearing capacity even after substantial stress reduction, suggesting suitability for bracing applications. This method allows for increased sample sizes, facilitating robust data collection for developing and validating finite element models. Future work will focus on evaluating the scalability of the observed orthotropic behavior and data scatter at larger scales and assessing the potential for this method to replace conventional full-scale plywood shear testing.

关键词： plywood orthotropic shear strength mechanical characterization miniaturized testing Pinus radiata

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FEW and Far Between Rebalancing Research and Training Priorities at the Food-Energy-Water Nexus

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SCIENCE & EDUCATION 2022年第5期31卷 1383-1397页

作者： Platts, Ellen J. Kerner, Bridget Adams, Nick Archer, Jan-Michael Univ Maryland Dept Anthropol College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland Urban & Reg Planning & Design Program Sch Architecture Planning & Preservat College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland Sch Publ Hlth Maryland Inst Appl Environm Hlth College Pk MD 20742 USA

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus framework calls for a systems perspective on addressing complex sustainability challenges. As a sustainability science field, nexus research should in theory bring together transdisciplinary approaches drawing from a range of stakeholder knowledge and experiences. This approach would align with the competence-based training for future sustainability leaders advocated for in sustainability education literature. In practice, the field is dominated by techno-scientific approaches with superficial or peripheral attention paid to issues of social justice and community engagement. In this article, we explore how this imbalance in the literature reflects a breakdown between the ideals of sustainability training and the reality of training at the nexus and describe obstacles that may be contributing to this breakdown, including a prejudice towards the idea of "objective" science, institutional incentives, and disciplinary culture. To address these concerns, we introduce a research project focused on assessing the training of future researchers at the FEW nexus and exploring how these programs train students in particular views of what is important at the FEW nexus, such as technological solutions, stakeholder collaboration, and/or issues of equity and justice. It will also provide recommendations for creating open learning environments that are competence-based, and that incorporate multiple methods, acknowledgments of limitations, and alternate ways of knowing.

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The Importance of Agglomeration Economies and Technological Level on Local Economic Growth: the Case of Indonesia

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JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 2021年第2期12卷 544-563页

作者： Aritenang, Adiwan F. Inst Teknol Bandung ITB Urban & Reg Planning Program Sch Architecture Planning & Policy Dev SAPPD Jl Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The centralised regime and variation of resources have led persistent regional disparities in Indonesia. Presently, there is lack of study that examines the impact of agglomeration economies and technology of firm establishment on regional growth in Indonesia. This paper applies agglomeration economies, approximated using proxy variables of concentration of four largest sectors (CR4), specialisation (LQ), diversity (DIV) and competition (COM) variables and technological capacity, approximated by total factor productivity (TFP), to explain the impact of firm establishment on economic growth. The paper found that districts with less specialisation and more advance technology would have higher economic growth. The paper recalls the importance of higher share of high-tech industry and a more spatial dispersion of industry to accelerate economic growth.

关键词： Agglomeration economies Technological level Regional growth Indonesia

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