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SSRN 2025年

作者： Choi, Iksoon Cochran, Abigail L. School of Global Integrative Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of Nebraska – Lincoln 928 Oldfather Hall 660 N 12th Street LincolnNE68588 United States Community & Regional Planning Program College of Architecture University of Nebraska – Lincoln 217 Architecture Hall 400 Stadium Drive LincolnNE68588 United States

Due to Nebraska's vast rural areas and low population density—where about 90% of incorporated places have fewer than 3,000 residents—the state has 120 designated Health Professional Shortage Areas. These conditions of low accessibility necessitate innovative and effective solutions to facilitate access to healthcare services for rural residents, particularly those with travel-limiting conditions or disabilities. This research aims to identify areas of latent demand for medical trips, which may also present opportunities for local transit services to participate in non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT). We employed both aspatial and spatial analytical approaches to identify latent demand areas for NEMT. These areas were identified by combining a Disability Index—quantifying the prevalence of sociodemographic factors strongly associated with travel-limiting disabilities, computed using the 2022 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)—with data on the prevalence of disability (or Disability Status) from 2018-2022 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates at the census tract level. We then addressed the assumption that individuals within a tract have equal geographical accessibility by measuring driving times. Ultimately, areas where driving time to a hospital or rural health clinic exceeds 30 minutes, within tracts identified as having a high prevalence of disability, were classified as latent demand areas for NEMT. These areas are predominantly situated in rural regions where healthcare and transportation services are limited or unavailable. We identify a significant need for NEMT to serve residents of these areas and suggest regions that would benefit from offering or expanding medical and general-purpose transportation services. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Travel time

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A dual spatial analysis method based on recreation opportunity spectrum and analytical hierarchy process for outdoor recreation site suitability

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JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2023年 44卷

作者： Asilioglu, Fatma Cay, Rukiye Duygu Ankara Univ Kalecik Vocat Sch Landscape & Ornamental Plants Program Ankara Turkiye Trakya Univ Fac Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture Edirne Turkiye Istasyon Cd 73 TR-06870 Kalecik Ankara Turkiye

Spatial planning tools are required to conduct outdoor recreational activities in harmony with the natural environment. This study introduces a dual spatial analysis method in which the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are run sequentially to evaluate different criteria groups. This study was conducted in the coastal region of the Enez district of Edirne, one of Turkey's northwestern provinces. With ROS, remoteness, and evidence of humans criteria were considered unweighted, and four land classes, urban, rural, natural with road, and primitive-semiprimitive, and activities suitable for these land classes were determined in the GIS environment. These are six terrestrial activities including nature walk, cycling, horse riding, picnic, camping, and wildlife observation, and four water-based activities including canoeing, swimming, diving, and handline fishing. With the AHP, nine natural criteria were analyzed as weighted and four suitability levels were determined for each activity in the GIS environment, as not suitable, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, and highly suitable. Sensitivity analysis by changing the priorities of the criteria showed that the analysis using the AHP results was reliable especially for determining highly suitable areas, and could be helpful for outdoor recreation planning. Finally, the suitability maps matched the ROS land classes, and the verified final maps were created. This study provides reliable results, showing that planners and decision-makers can adapt to similar areas with different administrative or geographical boundaries. Simultaneously, it contains a series of information that will contribute to planning components such as exploring, developing, diversifying, and presenting outdoor recreation opportunities and restricting them when necessary.

关键词： Recreation opportunity spectrum Analytic hierarchy process Land suitability analysis Recreational activities Recreation management

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CULTURE STRIKE: ART AND MUSEUMS IN AN AGE OF PROTEST

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AMERICAN BOOK REVIEW 2023年第4期44卷 26-30页

作者： Smith, Terry Univ Pittsburgh Dept Hist Art & Architecture Contemporary Art Hist & Theory Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh European Grad Sch Div Philosophy Art & Crit Thought Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh Sch Visual Arts New York Fac Large Curatorial Studies Program Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Culture Strike: Art and Museums in an Age of Protestbegins with a vivid account of the circumstances that forced Laura Raicovich out of the directorship of the Queens Museum of Art, New York. When she took up the position in 2015 she inherited a not-for-profit art space that, under the previous director, Tom Finkelpearl, had pioneered responsiveness to local communities while remaining relevant to the wider region and to international visitors. This mission was not confined to an exhibition program known for landmarks such asGlobal Conceptualism: Points of Origin, 1950s–1970s(1999). Community organizers were appointed to the museum's staff. They worked directly with groups throughout one of the most diverse boroughs in the city, serving the various needs of those speaking 138 languages and dialects. Finkelpearl went on to pursue similar policies as commissioner of the New York Department of Cultural Affairs from 2014 to *** more broadly, these initiatives were instances within the wave of reforms that had for decades been sweeping through all kinds of museums as they strove to reconcile their traditional top-down educational missions with the diversity of their massively increasing numbers of interested visitors. Progressive reforms met much resistance, most insidiously the defunding of culture by neoliberal governments at all levels. Yet what is now three generations of arts administrators have persisted with these reforms, working in concert with the mainly progressive arts practices that they so passionately *** the United States in late 2016 this commitment ran up against what Raicovich rightly calls the "Pandora's box of hate" unleashed by the Trump administration's rhetoric and policies. Its multimedia storm of populist nationalism targeted immigrants, foreigners, and the local elites that welcomed them. For the Queens Museum this meant several staff members, its community program, and eventually its director. Raicovich did not hesitate to[End Pag

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Synergic Cellulose Nanofiber/Tourmaline Nanoparticle-Assembled Layered Piezoelectric Cryogels for High-Performance Airborne Particulate Filtration

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SMALL 2025年第6期21卷 e2409157页

作者： Lyu, Chao Laitinen, Ossi Zhu, Mian Li, Pengze Shen, Ruiqing Suopajaervi, Terhi Zhou, Xiaotong Liu, Chenming Li, Xiaoyu Yang, Faguang Liu, Jingxian Liimatainen, Henrikki Northeastern Univ Filter Test Ctr Sch Resources & Civil Engn 3-11 Wenhua Rd Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Univ Oulu Fac Technol Fiber & Particle Engn Res Unit POB 4300 Oulu 90014 Finland Oklahoma State Univ Coll Engn Architecture & Technol Fire Protect & Safety Engn Technol Program Stillwater OK 74078 USA Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Beijing Sch Energy & Min Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Here, hybrid stimuli-responsive (exhibiting pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity) porous cryogels are engineered by embedding tourmaline nanoparticles (TNs) in a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) skeleton to generate high-performance CNF-TN-based airborne particulate matter (PM) filters. First, single-layer hybrid cryogels with varying TN contents (0-5% w v(-1)) are assembled, and the design principles for multilayered filters are established based on a novel sequential pre-freezing and freeze-drying technique. As observed, the embedded TNs transformed the CNF network into a more homogeneous, isotropic, and firm structure, thus improving the structural integrity and thermal stability of the assembled cryogels while maintaining their ultrahigh porosity and low density. The TN induced piezoelectric voltage in the cryogels during filtration significantly enhanced the filtration performance. Furthermore, the patterned surface texture of the cryogels notably improved quality factor (Q(f)) and the reusability of the layered filters overall. The explored hybrid cryogels, particularly those exhibiting multilayered configurations, can be deployed for high-performance airborne particulates filtration owing to the synergistic effect of their mechanical robustness, stability, and high filtration efficiency. As far as it is known that, the Q(f) values (>0.04) obtained by the three-layered cryogels are similar to or even higher than those of the reported best aerosol filters.

关键词： cryogel freeze-drying nanocellulose particulate matter quality factor tourmaline

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Correcting confounding canopy structure, biochemistry and soil background effects improves leaf area index estimates across diverse ecosystems from Sentinel-2 imagery

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2024年 309卷

作者： Wan, Liang Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Hwang, Yorum Feng, Huaize Kang, Yanghui Jeong, Sungchan Lee, Jeongho Choi, Changhyun Bae, Joonhwan Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Boston Univ Dept Earth & Environm Boston MA USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management Berkeley CA 94720 USA

High-spatiotemporal-resolution leaf area index (LAI) data are essential for sustainable agro-ecosystem management and precise disturbance detection. Previous LAI products were primarily derived from satellite data with limited spatiotemporal or spectral resolutions, which could be overcome with the use of Sentinel -2. While hybrid methods that integrate PROSAIL simulations with machine learning offer advantages in extracting highspatiotemporal-resolution LAI from Sentinel -2, they still face challenges due to confounding factors related to canopy structure, leaf biochemistry, and soil background. To reduce impacts of these confounders, we developed an efficient hybrid method for Sentinel -2 -based LAI retrieval. Our approach consists of random forest models trained on simulated datasets generated by PROSAIL-5B with two refinements: variable canopy fraction of fully senescent leaves ( FS ) and soil bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) simulated by Brightness -Shape -Moisture (BSM) model. We corrected canopy BRF using near -infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIR V ) and vegetation cover within mixed pixels ( V C ). For validation, we used ground measurements across different vegetation types from the Copernicus Ground Based Observations for Validation (GBOV) and Korea flux (KoFlux) sites during 2019-2023. Our results showed that coupling BSM and FS with PROSAIL-5B simulations improved hybrid LAI estimates, reducing RMSE by 10.8%-73.8%. Utilizing NIR V and V C to correct canopy BRF better quantified LAI in most vegetation types, with RMSE reduced by 15.3%-64.8%. Our hybrid method showed robust agreement with ground validation data from GBOV (R 2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.71) and KoFlux (R 2 = 0.80, RMSE = 0.75). Overall, our method (R 2 = 0.58-0.93, RMSE = 0.04-0.83) outperformed both the benchmark Sentinel Application Platform (R 2 = 0.11-0.85, RMSE = 0.28-1.67) and data -driven (R 2 = 0.09-0.85, RMSE = 0.29-0.93) algorithms in producing precise seasonal LAI data at finer r

关键词： Leaf area index (LAI) Hybrid method Canopy structure Soil background Near-infrared reflectance of vegetation(NIRV) PROSAIL model Sentinel-2

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Evaluating INS/GNSS/LiDAR Availability for Self-Driving Cars in Urban Environments 34

Evaluating INS/GNSS/LiDAR Availability for Self-Driving Cars...

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34th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division-of-The-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+)

作者： Nagai, Kana Spenko, Matthew Henderson, Ron Pervan, Boris IIT Res Chicago IL 60616 USA IIT Mech & Aerosp Engn Chicago IL 60616 USA IIT Landscape Architecture Urbanism Program Chicago IL 60616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780936406299

We evaluate INS/GNSS-based navigation availability against prospective integrity requirements for self-driving cars in urban environments. Specifically, we quantify how long and under what local conditions a practical integrated navigation system, consisting of GNSS, INS, wheel speed sensors, 3-D maps, and vehicle dynamic constraints, can maintain fault-free integrity along a real urban street transect in downtown Chicago. The results show that the integrated system cannot ensure availability across the entire transect, even with four GNSS constellations, and that the main factors influencing unavailable regions are building height, IMU grade, alert limit, and vehicle speed. After the deficient locations are exposed, we consider landmark localization by LiDAR to maintain continuous navigation. We derive ranging error models and investigate placement configurations of pole-like landmarks to ensure availability of INS/GNSS/LiDAR self-driving car fault-free integrity.

关键词： Global positioning system

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Evaluating the efficiency of fog cooling for climate change adaptation in vulnerable groups: A case study of Daegu Metropolitan City

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 217卷 1页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study quantitatively analyzed the effect of fog cooling on temperature reduction and conducted an optimization study on the layout for planning a fog cooling system in the Daegu Metropolitan City. First, the design and verification of a single fog cooling unit was identified through an indoor experiment. Second, the temperature reduction effect of the installed fog cooling system was measured based on a sensor and verified through a finite volume method (FVM)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Third, a numerical analysis of the optimal fog cooling arrangement was designed and performed in the Indongchon area. The temperature reduction design manual and model equations, which can be used by decision-makers, were analyzed through numerical analysis. The measured temperature reduction and simulation values had a high accuracy of R-2 > 0.8. Based on the verified model, scenarios A-D were designed and analyzed according to the fog cooling arrangement. Scenario B, in which the fog cooling was arranged vertically to the wind direction, appeared to be the most efficient. In this case, the volume average temperature where fog cooling was installed could be reduced by up to 3.02 degrees C. It was also found that efficiency is higher when the fog cooling system is positioned at narrow intervals of <5 m than at wide intervals of >10 m, considering the wind direction. The results of this study can aid decision makers-including urban policymakers and planners-for estimating the potential extent of temperature reduction and increase in humidity by adopting fog cooling.

关键词： Daegu Metropolitan City Smart city Climate change adaptation Fog cooling Numerical analysis Design manual

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The sustainability of industrial insect mass rearing for food and feed production: zero waste goals through by-product utilization

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CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021年 48卷 44-49页

作者： Chavez, Maria Colorado State Univ Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture 1173 Campus Delivery Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Grad Degree Program Ecol 102 Johnson Hall Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

Insect production provides an opportunity to solve problems in our food system. Producers are focused on redirecting waste streams to strive for a zero waste system. By-products and leftover substrates generated include: frass, chitin, and lipids. Frass can be beneficial as a plant fertilizer. It is also known to exhibit anti-microbial and anti-pathogenic properties that may be utilized as a potential insecticide. Chitin has similar fertilizer and anti-pathogen properties. Chitin also produces antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties, potentially improving immune responses in animals. Fatty acids found in lipids may serve as environmentally friendly biodiesel. Additionally, the oleic acids found in lipids have known health benefits for humans and other animals. As insect systems expand, zero waste goals will increase in importance.

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3D Bioprinting of Food Grade Hydrogel Infused with Living Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium in Non-sterile Conditions

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ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024年第5期7卷 2982-2992页

作者： Lin, Nicholas Taghizadehmakoei, Alireza Polovina, Lorena McLean, Isobel Santana-Martinez, Juan C. Naese, Chloe Moraes, Christopher Hallam, Steven James Dahmen, Joseph Univ British Columbia Sch Architecture & Landscape Architecture Vancouver BC V6T 1Z2 Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Microbiol & Immunol Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada McGill Univ Dept Chem Engn Montreal PQ H3A 0C5 Canada McGill Univ Dept Biomed Engn Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada McGill Univ Rosalind & Morris Goodman Canc Res Ctr Montreal PQ H3A 1A3 Canada McGill Univ Div Expt Med Montreal PQ H4A 3J1 Canada Univ British Columbia Life Sci Inst Dept Microbiol & Immunol Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Univ British Columbia ECOSCOPE Training Program Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Univ British Columbia Grad Program Bioinformat Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Univ British Columbia Genome Sci & Technol Program Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Mycelium is the root-like network of fungi. Mycelium biocomposites prepared by template replication (molding) can function as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional polystyrene foams, which are energy- and carbon-intensive to manufacture. Recently, several studies have shown that 3D bioprinting technologies can be used to produce high value functional mycelium products with intricate geometries that are otherwise difficult or impossible to achieve via template replication. A diverse range of nutrients, thickeners, and gelling agents can be combined to produce hydrogels suitable for 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting with hydrogel formulations infused with living fungi produces engineered living materials that continue to grow after bioprinting is complete. However, a hydrogel formulation optimized for intricate 3D bioprinting of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, which is among the strains most commonly used in mycelium biocomposite fabrication, has yet to be described. Here, we design and evaluate a versatile hydrogel formulation consisting of malt extract (nutrient), carboxymethylcellulose and cornstarch (thickeners), and agar (gelling agent), all of which are easily sourced food grade reagents. We also outline a reproducible workflow to infuse this hydrogel with P. ostreatus liquid culture for 3D bioprinting of intricate structures comprised of living P. ostreatus mycelium and characterize the changes in height and mass as well as hardness of the prints during mycelium growth. Finally, we demonstrate that the workflow does not require a sterile bioprinting environment to achieve successful prints and that the same mycelium-infused hydrogel can be supplemented with additives such as sawdust to produce mycelium biocomposite objects. These findings demonstrate that 3D bioprinting using mycelium-based feedstocks could be a promising biofabrication technique to produce engineered living materials for applications such as mushroom cultivation, food preparation, o

关键词： additive manufacturing biocomposites engineeredliving materials living hybrid materials bioink fungi

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Visual clarity of several learning media under different daylight-opening positions and areas based on students’ performance and perception

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Building and Environment 2025年 281卷

作者： Vidiyanti, Christy Wonorahardjo, Surjamanto Koerniawan, M Donny Mangkuto, Rizki A Doctoral Program Department of Architecture SAPPK Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Mercu Buana Jl. Meruya Selatan 1 Jakarta11650 Indonesia Building Technology Research Group Department of Architecture SAPPK Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Built Environment Performance Engineering Research Group Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung40132 Indonesia

Digital display generally uses special lighting that produces different luminance from conventional displays. This study examined the complex effects of varying learning media (whiteboard, glassboard, projector, and smart television [TV]) in various daylight settings — window position (rear and side windows) and opening area (interior window-to-wall ratio [iWWR] value: 9 %, 47 %, and 85 %) controlled by blackout roller blinds — to produce visual clarity (VCl), which was assessed objectively (accuracy) and subjectively (perception). Based on the optical characteristics, three groups of learning media were created: non-lit devices (whiteboard and glassboard), reflected-lit devices (projector), and self-lit devices (smart TV). The results showed that coordinating daylight settings and learning media can optimise the VCl. A 10 % increase in iWWR value increases 2 % accuracy and 3 % VCl perception for non-lit but decreases 0.2 % accuracy for luminous learning media (reflected-lit and self-lit devices) — the VCl perception of those devices peaks at a 2 % increase when the curtains are half open. This study proposes a spatial VCl index formed by the sufficient scores of accuracy and perceived clarity across the room. For spatial VCl optimisation on non-lit devices, the side window and 81 % iWWR were proposed, and 81 % sVCl was achieved. By contrast, a rear window and a 60–64 % iWWR are recommended when using luminous learning media, and 91 % sVCl for reflected- and 100 % sVCl for self-lit devices were achieved. This study developed practical guidelines by providing white luminance thresholds for media displays, offering adaptable solutions for diverse classroom settings and learning media. © 2025

关键词： Daylighting

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