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Detection of retinitis pigmentosa stages with GAN and transfer learning in maps of MfERG P1 wave amplitudes

SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2025年第7期19卷 1-24页

作者： Guven, Aysegul Karaman, Bayram Oner, Ayse Kahraman, Neslihan Sinim Erciyes Univ Engn Fac Dept Biomed Engn Kayseri Turkiye Erciyes Univ Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Biomed Engn Grad Program Kayseri Turkiye Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Univ Engn & Architecture Fac Dept Elect & Elect Engn Tokat Turkiye Acibadem Taksim Hosp Dept Ophthalmol Istanbul Turkiye Acibadem Univ Dept Ophthalmol Istanbul Turkiye

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited disease caused by the dysfunction of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Effective management and therapy are crucial to delaying or preventing vision loss and blindness, making RP a leading cause of inherited retinal disorders globally. This study is the first to utilize maps of P1 wave amplitudes from multifocal electroretinography for the automatic identification and staging of RP. We enhanced raw data with image preprocessing, traditional image augmentation, and generative adversarial networks (GAN) to create comprehensive datasets, followed by classification using five transfer learning models. Initial results indicated overfitting, mitigated through advanced preprocessing and augmentation. Performance metrics showed that the Deep Convolutional GAN model effectively eliminated overfitting. ResNet50 achieved the highest performance in four-class classification with 95.2% recall, 95.2% precision, 94.9% accuracy, 98.2% specificity and 95.2% F1 score. These results suggest that maps of P1 wave amplitudes are valuable indicators for differentiating RP stages, highlighting their potential for improving RP diagnosis and management.

关键词： Retinitis pigmentosa Multifocal electroretinography Image processing Generative adversarial networks Transfer learning

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Influence of wet foam incorporation on the pore structure and properties of metakaolin-based porous geopolymers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY 2025年第0期

作者： Soares, Gustavo de Albuquerque Bezerra, Breno Parente Lima, icaro Silva Innocentini, Murilo Daniel de Mello Luz, Ana Paula da Univ Fed Sao Carlos Grad Program Mat Sci & Engn Rodovia Washington Luiz km 235 SP-310 BR-13565905 Sao Carlos Brazil Univ Ribeirao Preto Course Chem Engn Ribeirao Preto Brazil Univ Bath Ctr Regenerat Design & Engn Net Posit World RENEW Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Bath England

Lightweight geopolymers are well-suited for construction applications, including thermal and acoustic insulation panels and fire-resistant barriers. Their porous microstructure can be tailored by incorporating gas bubbles into the fresh ceramic mixture. Several factors-such as geopolymer composition, mixing and curing conditions, and the setting behavior of the paste-play a crucial role in bubble retention within the consolidated specimens. This study investigated the processing of porous metakaolin-based geopolymers prepared with the addition of 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.% of a preformed liquid foam stabilized with xanthan gum. The addition of 0.45 wt.% xanthan gum improved foam stability, ensuring uniform pore distribution and minimizing bubble collapse during processing. This approach enabled the fabrication of specimens with low densities (0.87-1.46 g/cm(3)) and high porosity (39.49%-64.78%), significant air permeability, and well-controlled microstructural characteristics, with average pore sizes varying from 99 to 137 mu m. Based on the findings, the geopolymeric binder containing 7.5 wt.% foam demonstrated a balance of strength, low density, reduced water absorption, and engineered porosity, making it a promising candidate for sealing components or thermal insulation materials. The direct foaming method and processing conditions effectively enhanced the properties of porous geopolymers, highlighting their potential for advanced construction applications.

关键词： binder metakaolin microstructure porous geopolymer preformed foam

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Experimental, simulation, and theoretical investigations of gamma and neutron shielding characteristics for reinforced with boron carbide and titanium oxide composites

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RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2025年 226卷

作者： Ozdogan, H. Kacal, M. R. Kilicoglu, O. Polat, H. Ogul, H. Akman, F. Antalya Bilim Univ Vocat Sch Hlth Serv Akdeniz Blvd 90 TR-07085 Antalya Turkiye Giresun Univ Arts & Sci Fac Dept Phys TR-28100 Giresun Turkiye Marmara Univ Vocat Sch Hlth Serv Istanbul Turkiye Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Dept Architecture & Urban Planning TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye Sinop Univ Fac Engn & Architecture Dept Nucl Engn Sinop Turkiye Bingol Univ Vocat Sch Social Sci Dept Property Protect & Secur Program Occupat Hlth & Safety TR-12000 Bingol Turkiye

This study investigates the radiation shielding properties of composites containing polyester resin, boron carbide and titanium oxide in varying proportions. The radiation transmittance of the produced composites was measured using radioactive sources Am-241, Cs-137, Ba-133, Co-60, and Na-22 across a photon energy range of 59.5 keV-1332.5 keV. To analyze radiation permeability, experimental geometry was simulated using Monte Carlo-based computer codes Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP), Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and FLUktuierende KAskade or Fluctuating Cascade (FLUKA), and the experimental data were compared with simulation results and theoretical data obtained from WINXCOM. The findings demonstrated a high degree of consistency between experimental, simulation, and theoretical results. Notably, the BCTiO50 sample, which included a 50% addition of TiO2, emerged as the most effective in photon radiation shielding. In addition to gamma shielding, the neutron shielding properties of the produced composites were evaluated using the FLUKA code, revealing that the BCTiO0 sample, with the highest percentage of boron, provided the best neutron shielding. This analysis included composites with decreasing boron carbide content by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight, each replaced with titanium oxide, showcasing the potential applications of these polymer composites in radiation shielding.

关键词： Radiation shielding Monte Carlo codes Boron carbide Titanium oxide Polymer composites

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Illuminating the invisible: unveiling multiscale environmental impacts of ultraviolet irradiance utilizing advanced statistical analysis in arid climate

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THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2025年第2期156卷 1-22页

作者： Aldosary, Adel S. Al-Ramadan, Baqer Al Kafy, Abdulla Alsulamy, Saleh Rahaman, Zullyadini A. Rahman, Muhammad Tauhidur King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals KFUPM Architecture & City Design Dept POB 684 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals KFUPM Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Smart Mobil & Logist Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Rajshahi Univ Engn & Technol RUET Dept Urban & Reg Planning Rajshahi Bangladesh King Khalid Univ Architecture & Planning Coll Dept Architecture Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia Sultan Idris Educ Univ Fac Human Sci Dept Geog & Environm Tanjung Malim 35900 Malaysia Univ Texas Dallas Geospatial Informat Sci Program Sch Econ Polit & Policy Sci 800 Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75023 USA

Arid regions face intense sunlight, leading to heightened ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels. Growing concerns about skin cancer, premature aging, and dermatological issues highlight the need to understand UVA and UVB exposure patterns. Surprisingly, no study has investigated UVA and UVB irradiance in the Arab region. Our study fills this gap by examining UVA and UVB distributions across major Saudi Arabian cities, assessing their impact on public health and the environment. We employed a multiscale trend analysis, incorporating linear, Mann-Kendall Test (MKT), Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), and Continuous Wavelet Coherence methods. Our findings reveal alarming UV levels: UVA exceeds the critical limit (11 W/m(2)) and rises to > 18 W/m(2) during February-October, posing a risk of critical diseases. UVB also surpasses the extreme limit of 0.30 W/m(2) during March-October in all cities. Notably, Dammam experiences lower UVA and UVB exposure compared to other cities. MKT revealed that annual UVA change rate ranged from - 0.014 (Dammam) to 0.027 (Madinah) W/m(2)/month/year, ITA slope suggests a rate between - 0.005495 and - 0.0246 W/m(2)/month/year over last two decades. Overall study underscores the importance of accurate UV exposure assessments in arid regions. By identifying areas with high UVA and UVB levels, policymakers can develop targeted strategies to mitigate environmental impacts and safeguard public health.

关键词： Ultraviolet irradiance Environmental contaminants Health risks Multiscale trend analysis Climate change Hazardous materials

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Improving Social Acceptance of Orthopedic Foot Orthoses Through Image-Generative AI in Product Design

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2025年第8期15卷 4132-4132页

作者： Resch, Stefan Schauer, Jakob Schwind, Valentin Volz, Diana Sanchez-Morillo, Daniel Univ Cadiz Doctorate Sch EDUCA Doctorate Program Mfg Mat & Environm Engn Cadiz 11003 Spain Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci Fac Comp Sci & Engn D-60318 Frankfurt Germany Univ Cadiz Sch Engn Dept Automat Engn Elect & Comp Architecture & Netw Cadiz 11519 Spain Inst Invest & Innovac Biomed Cadiz INiBICA Cadiz 11009 Spain

The lack of social acceptability for wearable devices such as orthopedic foot orthoses can lead to irregular usage and missed health benefits, as shown in prior studies. While AI-generated designs have been explored for prototyping aesthetic hand orthoses, their impact on social acceptability, particularly for foot orthoses, remains unknown. The current state of research is limited, as no empirical evidence exists on whether AI-designed orthoses influence acceptance, nor has the role of customized generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) and specific prompting strategies been examined in this context. To address these gaps, we conducted two mixed-methods studies to investigate (1) the impact of AI-generated orthosis designs on social acceptability compared to existing orthopedic products and development concepts and (2) how a customized GPT and different prompt keywords influence acceptance. Our results show that AI-generated designs significantly enhance social acceptance across orthotic categories. Furthermore, we found that personalized GPTs and targeted prompt keywords significantly influence user perception. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of using AI to create socially acceptable design solutions for wearable technology and offer new applications for future smart devices. We contribute to generative AI in product design and provide concrete recommendations for optimizing prompting strategies to enhance social acceptance.

关键词： artificial intelligence generative AI ChatGPT text-to-image human-centered design human-computer interaction product design social acceptance foot orthoses wearables

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Understanding the effects of spatial scaling on the relationship between urban structure and biodiversity

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION 2025年 138卷

作者： Choi, Dennis Heejoon Darling, Lindsay Ha, Jaeyoung Shao, Jinyuan Song, Hunsoo Fei, Songlin Hardiman, Brady S. Purdue Univ Dept Forestry & Nat Resources W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Dankook Univ Coll Bioconvergence Sch Life Resources Landscape Architecture Cheonan South Korea Morton Arboretum Ctr Tree Sci Lisle IL USA Virginia Tech Landscape Architecture Program Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Purdue Univ Lyles Sch Civil Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Chungbuk Natl Univ Sch Civil Engn 1 Chungdae Ro Cheongju 28644 South Korea Purdue Univ Environm & Ecol Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Consideration of spatial dependence in heterogeneous urban landscapes is crucial for understanding how urban landscapes shape biodiversity. However, understanding the linkage between urban landscape patterns, both vertically and horizontally, and urban-dwelling bird species at various spatial scales remains an unsolved question. Here, we investigated how patterns of vertical and horizontal urban landscape structure influence urban-dwelling bird species at various spatial scales in the Chicago Region. We utilize a high-density Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) dataset to exam ALS-derived metrics (foliage height diversity, canopy openness, and building volume) in relation to bird diversity. Our results show that LiDAR-derived metrics exhibited significant variation across spatial scales. The negative impact of building volume on bird species is greatest at the smallest scale (slope = -0.24 at 50 m radius), but its effect declined as the scale increased (slope = 0.00 at 500 m radius). Foliage height diversity did not influence bird diversity at small spatial scales but shows a positive effect on bird diversity over 150 m radius (slope = 0.05 to 0.11). Canopy openness changed its sign of slope from negative to positive as the buffer radius increased (between 150 and 200 m buffer radii), indicating that openness may have different roles depending on the spatial scale. Based on our findings, a buffer radius of 150-200 m was concluded to be the threshold distinguishing local and landscape-level variables in this study. In general, horizontal landscape patterns have a stronger influence on urban biodiversity than vertical structures. However, our findings suggest that enhancing the vertical complexity of canopy structures in existing green spaces could be an effective strategy for sustaining bird diversity in urban areas, particularly where expanding green spaces is not feasible. Our study enhances the understanding of urban biodiversity dynamics and provides practical implicat

关键词： Urban Green Space Urban Landscape Pattern Bird Species Richness Urban Biodiversity Structural Metrics

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Harnessing novel cytidine deaminases from the animal kingdom for robust multiplexed base editing in rice

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PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2025年第5期23卷 1702-1712页

作者： Contiliani, Danyel Fernandes Sretenovic, Simon Dailey, Micah Zhou, Man Cheng, Yanhao Creste, Silvana Xiao, Shunyuan Qi, Yiping Univ Maryland Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Med Sch Grad Program Genet Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Agron Inst IAC Sugarcane Ctr Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Univ Maryland Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res Rockville MD 20850 USA

CRISPR-Cas-based cytosine base editors (CBEs) are prominent tools that perform site-specific and precise C-to-T conversions catalysed by cytidine deaminases. However, their use is often constrained by stringent editing preferences for genomic contexts, off-target effects and restricted editing windows. To expand the repertoire of CBEs, we systematically screened 66 novel cytidine deaminases sourced from various organisms, predominantly from the animal kingdom and benchmarked them in rice protoplasts using the nCas9-BE3 configuration. After selecting candidates in rice protoplasts and further validation in transgenic rice lines, we unveiled a few cytidine deaminases exhibiting high editing efficiencies and wide editing windows. CBEs based on these cytidine deaminases also displayed minimal frequencies of indels and C-to-R (R = A/G) conversions, suggesting high purity in C-to-T base editing. Furthermore, we highlight the highly efficient cytidine deaminase OoA3GX2 derived from Orca (killer whale) for its comparable activity across GC/CC/TC/AC sites, thus broadening the targeting scope of CBEs for robust multiplexed base editing. Finally, the whole-genome sequencing analyses revealed very few sgRNA-dependent and -independent off-target effects in independent T0 lines. This study expands the cytosine base-editing toolkit with many cytidine deaminases sourced from mammals, providing better-performing CBEs that can be further leveraged for sophisticated genome engineering strategies in rice and likely in other plant species.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas novel cytidine deaminases cytosine base editor off-target analysis rice

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Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Recycled PA6/PP Blends: Chain Extension and Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Synergy

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MATERIALS 2025年第5期18卷 1027-1027页

作者： Ergun, Neslihan Oksuz, Mustafa Ekinci, Aysun Yalova Univ Inst Grad Educ Polymer Mat Engn TR-77200 Yalova Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ Fac Engn & Architecture TR-53100 Rize Turkiye Yalova Univ Fac Engn Polymer Mat Engn TR-77200 Yalova Turkiye Yalova Univ Yalova Vocat Sch Polymer Technol Program Dept Mat & Mat Technol TR-77100 Yalova Turkiye

To develop novel materials through the recycling of waste polymers and to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties, composites were synthesized using chain extenders (CEs), compatibilizers (PP-g-MA), and short carbon fiber (CF) reinforcements within recycled polyamide 6 (rPA6) and polypropylene (rPP) blends. The recycling of waste polymers holds paramount importance in the context of environmental sustainability. This study investigates the role of additives in effectively improving the properties of recycled polymers. The composites were fabricated using the twin-screw extrusion method and subjected to a comprehensive range of characterizations, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular weight analysis, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), tensile testing, impact testing, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, ANOVA statistical methods were applied to analyze HDT, tensile, and impact test results. The findings of this research demonstrate that chain extenders and compatibilizers significantly enhance the mechanical properties of rPA6/rPP blends, while carbon fiber reinforcements markedly improve both tensile strength and impact resistance. Furthermore, the incorporation of rPP led to an approximately 4% reduction in hardness values;however, this loss was effectively compensated by the addition of chain extenders and CF reinforcements, resulting in an overall increase in hardness. It was observed that chain extenders enhanced the elastic modulus and tensile strength by reinforcing interphase bonding, whereas CF reinforcements strengthened the polymer matrix, leading to improved impact resistance. These findings emphasize the synergistic role of chain extenders, compatibilizers, and CF reinforcements in enhancing the mechanical properties of rPA6/rPP blends. The study underscores recycling as both an environmentally beneficial and effective strategy for devel

关键词： recycled polyamide chain extender carbon fiber reinforcement mechanical and thermal properties composites

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Effect of Temperature on Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Based on Acetonitrile and Protic Ionic Liquids: Phase Diagram and Partitioning of Commercial Biomolecules Present in Clove Oil

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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2025年第10期64卷 5602-5616页

作者： da Costa, Jarlon Conceicao Sales, Isabela Conceicao da Ressureicao, Bruna Vida Liao, Luciano Morais Oliveira, Gerlon de Almeida Ribeiro Lima, Alvaro Silva Gois, Luiz Mario Mattedi, Silvana Fed Univ Bahia UFBA Polytech Sch Chem Engn Grad Program BR-40210630 Salvador BA Brazil Fed Univ Goias UFG Inst Chem BR-74690900 Goiania GO Brazil Univ Brasilia UnB Hlth Sci Fac Pharm Dept BR-70910900 Brasilia DF Brazil Univ Salvador Sch Architecture Engn & Informat Technol BR-41770235 Salvador BA Brazil

Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been applied in extraction and separation processes due to their chemical and physical properties arising from the cations and anions that form these liquids. In aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), ILs can be used as phase formers and assist in the separation and purification processes of biomolecules, such as phenolics and terpenes present in clove oil. In this work, the effect of temperature (288.2, 298.2, and 308.2 K) and the alkyl chain size of protic ionic liquid (PIL) anion in ATPSs based on PIL + acetonitrile (ACN) + water at 101.2 kPa is evaluated. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to predict the LLE data. The increase in the temperature and the alkyl chain compressed the biphasic region of the phase diagram. In the proposed systems, partitioning data were obtained for commercial biomolecules present in clove oil (eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and alpha-humulene). Phenolics (eugenol and eugenyl acetate) were partitioned to the PIL-rich phase. In contrast, alpha-humulene (terpene) was partitioned into the ACN-rich phase. It was observed that increasing temperature increases or maintains almost constant the recovery of biomolecules in the bottom phase (R-B) from similar tie-line length (TLL). Additionally, eugenol and eugenyl acetate can be partially isolated (selectivity: S = 2.17) at 298.2 K. Finally, the highest values achieved for bottom phase recoveries for the target biomolecules were achieved using ATPS formed by [2HEA][Bu] + ACN + water (TLL approximate to 53 and 57.57 < R-B < 93.54). PILs can be used as a salting-out agent to form biphasic phase systems with acetonitrile and separate biomolecules where reasonable recovery rates were verified.

关键词： Phase diagrams

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Immersive Exhibition Design: Enhancing the Cultural Heritage of Borobudur and Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan

Immersive Exhibition Design: Enhancing the Cultural Heritage...

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Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET),Conference on

作者： Ferric Limano Lintang Widyokusumo Sri Rachmayanti Budsakayt Intarapasan Design Department Binus Graduate Program - Master of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Interior Design School of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Interior Architecture Program School of Architecture and Design King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331532970

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532987

This research explores the potential of immersive exhibitions to elevate the cultural heritage of Borobudur in Indonesia and Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan in Thailand. Through case studies of immersive exhibitions and a comprehensive literature review, it aims to develop concepts for visual and installation design. By merging real and virtual environments, the study employs qualitative methods, analyzing audio and video materials from teamLab-Planets immersive exhibitions. Visual mockups were created using available assets and an AI generator to delve into the cultural heritage of Indonesia and Thailand. The installation design draws inspiration from the visual forms of Borobudur and Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan, including temples, stupas, and Buddha statues. To validate the conceptual installation design, bibliometric analysis was conducted, aligning it with current research trends and identifying essential elements for innovation. The research results include an Immersive Design Visualization and a conceptual framework for immersive exhibitions of these iconic sites. The mockup concepts and installation designs will proceed to an experimental design phase, with the ultimate goal of creating a fully realized immersive exhibition.

关键词： Visualization Technological innovation Merging Bibliometrics Virtual environments Market research Generators Cultural differences Artificial intelligence Systematic literature review

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