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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)

作者： Ohizumi, K. Nakamura, R. Katayama, D. Ito, S. Ishibashi, K. Kato, S. CTI Engn Co Ltd River & Water Resources Div Coastal & Port Engn Sect Osaka 5410045 Japan Niigata Univ Civil Engn Program Fac Engn Niigata 9502181 Japan Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781665427920

ISBN: (纸本)9781665427920

In this study, we investigated morphological changes including the formation of beach scarp behind the breakwaters based on field surveys and numerical simulations at Aoyama beach in Niigata coasts, Japan. The morphological changes on the land area were analyzed by using digital elevation models (DEMs) constructed by UAV photogrammetry. The changes beneath sea level were analyzed by echo sounders. As a result, the land area showed a trend of erosion with beach scarp, and the beneath the sea water a salient was formed toward the breakwaters, which was consistent with the result of numerical simulation by using XBeach. The numerical analysis implied that the formation mechanism of beach scarp was a result of avalanching on steep slope mainly because of erosion effect amplified by water level rise behind the breakwaters. It can be identified that the formation of beach scarp was caused by high wave event and initial steep slope.

关键词： field survey numerical simulation UAV photogrammetry bathymetric survey XBeach

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Smart cities and disaster risk reduction in South Korea by 2022: The case of Daegu

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HELIYON 2023年第8期9卷 e18794页

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Jung-Min Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Land & Housing Inst Daejeon 34047 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

Smart cities have been introduced globally. It involves technical development and economic, social, and environmental objectives. In response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) and global trends, Korea has prepared legal and institutional measures for smart city composition. This study reviewed the importance of key documents and agreements in Daegu Metropolitan City to reduce disaster risk for the vulnerable in the context of smart cities. 25 research studies were critically and systematically reviewed from the perspective of disaster risk reduction in smart cities. In its disaster safety areas, Daegu Metropolitan City aims to reduce property damage and casualties that may occur because of physical events such as collapse, water-related disasters, and heatwaves by up to 20%. Smart disaster mitigation involves data collection, sharing, and propagation. The entire process is handled on a safety platform called Data hub. According to the Daegu Metropolitan City government, solving social problems and managing disasters is key to a smart city, and it is striving to improve the efficiency of other cities. However, Daegu has limitations because it is a service-oriented smart city, and it is necessary to engage citizens to participate, raise awareness of the smart city, and educate them on the platform. The study results recommend future research that focus on disaster risk reduction and resilience in smart cities worldwide.

关键词： Smart city Disaster risk reduction Smart city innovation growth engine project Disaster mitigation Data sharing Safety platform

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Determination of heavy metal levels using Betulapendula Roth. under various soil contamination in Southern Urals, Russia

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022年第12期19卷 12593-12604页

作者： Isinkaralar, K. Koc, I Kuzmina, N. A. Menshchikov, S. L. Erdem, R. Aricak, B. Kastamonu Univ Fac Engn & Architecture Dept Environm Engn TR-37150 Kastamonu Turkey Duzce Univ Forestry Vocat Sch TR-81620 Duzce Turkey Russian Acad Sci Ural Branch Inst Bot Garden Ekaterinburg 620130 Russia Kastamonu Univ Arac Rafet Vergili Vocat Sch Dept Forestry Program Forestry TR-37800 Kastamonu Turkey Kastamonu Univ Arac Rafet Vergili Vocat Sch Dept Forestry Program Forestry Prod TR-37800 Kastamonu Turkey Bursa Tech Univ Fac Forestry Forestry Dept TR-16310 Bursa Turkey

Heavy metals are hazardous to environmental and human health. Metals contained in the solid fraction of emissions are fixed in the soil absorbing complex and tend to bioaccumulate in plants, which can be used both to diagnose the level of contamination of forest biogeocenoses and to study the laws of the processes of absorption of contaminants in the soil-plant system. The research aims to determine the degree of pollution in Betula pendula Roth. from emissions from Combine Magnesite (magnesite ore processing and mining plant activity area in Russia) at 1, 3, 10, and 100 km far from the emission source, which experimental plots created in the 1980s. Soil samples were collected from these sites, and 1- and 2-year-old branches and leaf specimens were collected from B. pendula individuals. The lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe) concentrations in soil and organs of B. pendula by the soil depth, washing, organ type, and organ age were determined. As a result, the variations in element concentrations by organs at all the distances and distances for all the organs were significant (p < 0.05). Metal concentrations were higher in the subsoil and leaf collected from 2-year-old branches. These results were interpreted as the higher values in the leaves of 2-year-old branches exposed to heavy metals in the air for a longer time, and the heavy metal concentrations in the subsoil increased due to the decomposition of these leaves. The movement of heavy metals, such as Pb and Cr, in soil was minimal.

关键词： Chromium Heavy metal Lead Silver birch Soil acidity

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Investigation into the daylight performance of expanded-metal shading through parametric design and multi-objective optimisation in Japan

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2022年 51卷

作者： Khidmat, Rendy Perdana Fukuda, Hiroatsu Kustiani Paramita, Beta Ma Qingsong Hariyadi, Agus Univ Kitakyushu Dept Architecture 1-1 Hibikino Kitakyushu Fukuoka 8080135 Japan Inst Teknol Sumatera Dept Reg & Infrastruct Technol Architecture Study Program Jalan Terusan Ryacudu Lampung Selatan 35365 Lampung Indonesia Univ Bandar Lampung Fac Engn Dept Architecture Jalan ZA Pagar Alam 26 Labuhan Ratu 35142 Bandar Lampung Indonesia Univ Pendidikan Indonesia Fac Technol & Vocat Educ Dept Architectural Engn Educ Architecture Study Program Jalan Doktor Setiabudhi 207 Bandung 40154 Indonesia Qingdao Univ Technol Coll Architecture & Urban Planning 11 Fushun Rd Qingdao 266033 Peoples R China Univ Gadjah Mada Dept Architecture & Planning Jalan Grafika 2 Sekip 55281 Yogyakarta Indonesia

This paper presents a parametric and Multi-Objective Optimisation approach to investigate daylight performance of the expanded-metal shading depicting the sky conditions in Kitakyushu, Japan. The study is an initial design method utilising a robust computational calculation aiming to verify expanded metal as an environmentally friendly building material concerning its function as a shading device. The proposed platform generatively iterates the logic of expanded metal as dynamic design variables, such as Bond, Strand, Length, Height and Angle, to achieve the optimisation goals of minimising Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) while simultaneously maximising Spatial Daylight Autonomy, Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and the openness of the expanded metal profile. Ladybug and Honeybee were utilised in a parametric platform, Grasshopper, to perform daylight simulation, while Octopus was employed to optimise the results. A thorough analysis was conducted to determine the significance of each expanded-metal parameter in achieving the daylight and View objectives. The results showed that adopting the proposed framework successfully fulfilled the LEED v4.1 daylight requirements by reducing ASE by 100% and improving UDI by approximately 50% over the baseline model. Furthermore, the iteration process revealed a wide range of aesthetic patterns, providing another factor for designers to consider during the design decision-making process.

关键词： Expanded metal Building performance simulation Early design-stage optimisation Parametric simulation Daylight performance Daylighting analysis

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Gating Tegucigalpa, Honduras: The paradoxical effects of ?Safer Barrios?

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JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS 2022年第1期44卷 57-79页

作者： Handal, Cristina Irazabal, Clara New Sch 72 Fifth Ave New York NY 10011 USA Univ Missouri Latinx & Latin Amer Studies Program Kansas City MO 64110 USA Univ Missouri Planning Dept Architecture Urban Planning & Design AUPD Kansas City MO 64110 USA

This paper analyzes the paradoxical political and socio-spatial dynamics created by ?Safer Barrios,? a security program that redefines notions of citizenship, governance, participation, and space in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The rapid proliferation of street gates sanctioned by the state under this program is producing understudied effects both within and outside the gates throughout the city, a phenomenon that this study qualitatively analyzes. The findings reveal that these newly gated residential areas demand a more nuanced analysis than that which traditional gated communities have received in the past;this stems from their different constitution and consequences, particularly the program?s unique relationship to and sponsorship by the local government. The program paradoxically fosters a greater sense of community and safety for participants while negatively affecting mobility and sociability for the rest of city residents. The findings hold critical implications for city design, planning, and policymaking.

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Performance analysis of the Raft consensus algorithm on Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum on cloud

Performance analysis of the Raft consensus algorithm on Hype...

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)

作者： João H. F. Battisti Vitor E. Batista Guilherme P. Koslovski Maurício A. Pillon Charles C. Miers Marco A. Marques Marcos Simplício Diego Kreutz Graduate Program in Applied Computing (PPGCAP) Santa Catarina State University (UDESC) Brazil Laboratory of Computer Networks and Architecture (LARC) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Brazil Graduate Program in Software Engineering Federal University of Pampa (Unipampa) Brazil

The use of private or consortium blockchains in organizations’ applications is growing. A relevant aspect of blockchains is the choice of consensus mechanism. This decision delimits which blockchain solutions are suitable for the private scenario. Once the consensus mechanism is chosen, more than one blockchain may be enabled. However, this decision making is not trivial and requires detailed experimental indicators about algorithms and blockchains performance. In this context, we provide a comprehensive performance analysis of the Raft consensus mechanism based on its implementation in Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum blockchain solutions. We performed our experiments on an OpenStack private cloud using each blockchain developer’s default settings for virtual machines. Our findings show how the implementation of each solution can impact the application’s performance under certain conditions.

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Effect of high-rise buildings on the surrounding thermal environment

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022年 207卷

作者： Nugroho, Nancy Y. Triyadi, Sugeng Wonorahardjo, Surjamanto Inst Teknol Bandung Dept Architecture Doctoral Program SAPPK Jl Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Univ Katolik Parahyangan Dept Architecture Bandung Indonesia Inst Teknol Bandung Bldg Technol Res Grp SAPPK Jl Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

High-rise buildings degrade the thermal environment of their surroundings through wind turbulence, cooling, and excessive heating. This study identifies the role and relationship of geometric (form, orientation, dimension) and material (type, volume) parameters in conditioning the thermal environment around high-rise buildings. We performed the field measurements at four widely separated high-rise apartment buildings at different elevations (675-1050 m above sea level) in Bandung, Indonesia. Temperature, air velocity, and humidity were measured within a 150 m radius around each building three times daily (08-10 a.m., 12-04 p.m., and 06-08 p.m.) for three days in February. Airflow and shading patterns were analysed with Ansys-Fluent CFD and SketchUp software, respectively. Both direct observation and simulations showed that different orientations of buildings relative to the sun and wind can heat or cool the surrounding areas. The sail effect of a high-rise building exposed to direct sunlight can cause hot spots behind the building;choice of building material and use of shadowing can reduce this effect. The wind-tunnel effect can cause cold paths, especially if the area is shaded. Air turbulence and high-velocity airflow can result in uncomfortable conditions in the surroundings, based on the building height. Thus, high-rise buildings profoundly affect local thermal conditions. The results of this study are therefore essential for designing new buildings (and mitigating environmental quality around existing ones) in tropical cities.

关键词： High-rise buildings Microclimate analysis Airflow

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JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2022年第4期39卷 559-580页

作者： Kim, Keungoui Lee, Junmin Hwang, Junseok Kim, Eungdo Handong Global Univ AI Convergence Inst Pohang South Korea Univ Coll Dublin Sch Architecture Planning & Environm Policy Spatial Dynam Lab Dublin Ireland Seoul Natl Univ Econ & Policy Program Technol Management Seoul South Korea Chungbuk Natl Univ Grad Sch Biomed Convergence Dept Med Coll Med 1 Chungdae Ro Cheongju 28644 South Korea

In pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, developing and commercializing products require great investments and intensive clinical trials. With regard to managing the risk and uncertainty of such product development, especially given the low success rates, product diversification and collaboration strategies can be instrumental for firms. Especially, the differences in product development complexity and market condition among industries require more case-specific implications due to the absence of a universally applicable strategy, even in these two similar industries. To date, little is known or discussed regarding whether product diversification and collaboration strategies work differently by industry and to what extent their impact differs across industries. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of product diversification on firm performance and compares the diversification effects between the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries. Related product diversification (RPD), which involves diversifying existing product functions, and unrelated product diversification (UPD), which involves diversifying the selling market, are considered here, and their linear and curvilinear effects are examined for each industry. Furthermore, the mediating role of product diversification in the relationship between collaboration and performance is examined to explore diversification through collaboration and the effect of collaboration on firm performance. For empirical analysis, an integrated firm-level dataset combining a full set of commercialized product information, collaboration, and statistics from Medtrack and Compustat are used. The results indicate that RPD enhances pharmaceutical firms' performance, while RPD and UPD contribute to biopharmaceutical firms' performance. In both cases, mediating effect of product diversification is found;however, collaboration is found to play different roles, thereby showing that collaboration enhances product diver

关键词： pharmaceutical industry biopharmaceutical industry related product diversification unrelated product diversification collaboration

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Compliance and the Social Space of Cities: Variations in Compliance with COVID-19 Regulations and Capital Forms in Urban Communities

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Israel, Emil Feder, Tal Urban and Regional Planning Program Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning Technion Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

Cities’ planned and built environments are key to healthier communities. The Covid-19 pandemic challenged this relationship, when the issue of communities' compliance with government restrictions to mitigate the spread of the pandemic became apparent. Despite the growing literature on the relationship between communities’ characteristics and Covid-19 throughout the pandemic, little attention has been paid to the drivers of compliance at the city and community levels. Our paper addresses this lack through the Bourdieusian concept of communities' capital resources. Using Israel as a test case, we explore how the economic, social and cultural capital of urban communities affected compliance with Covid-19 related restrictions. The analysis reveals how the spatial dispersion of the components of these capitals explains the likelihood of communities’ level of compliance. In particular, it shows how the accumulation of various forms of capital increased compliance with health regulations. The study highlights the explanatory power of local resources in collective spatial behavior patterns, as well as the possibility of exacerbating existing injustices. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Special issue on biochar technologies, production, and environmental applications in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology during 2017-2021

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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022年第19期52卷 3375-3383页

作者： Ok, Yong Sik Palansooriya, Kumuduni Niroshika Yuan, Xiangzhou Rinklebe, Jorg Korea Univ APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program Korea Biochar Res Ctr Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Wuppertal Lab Soil & Groundwater Management Inst Fdn Engn Water & Waste Management Sch Architecture & Civil Engn Wuppertal Germany Sejong Univ Dept Environm Energy & Geoinformat Seoul South Korea

The engineered biochar has been extensively developed for environmental applications in the last decade, owing to its carbon-neutral and long-term persistent characteristics. Here, we addressed the advancement in production of novel engineered biochar with practical environmental remediation, and pointed out key challenges and future perspectives, based on total 28 publications in Critical Review in Environmental Science and Technology during 2017-2021. Without concerted efforts on engineered biochar-based environmental application integrating systematic research and environmental impact assessment, we are unlikely to achieve the circular economy-guided sustainable development.

关键词： Negative emission technologies sustainable management carbon neutrality soil remediation greenhouse gas mitigation wastewater purification Robert Letcher and Lena Ma

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