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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Sandoval, Loreto Rojas Ulloa, René Araya Da Silva, Ana Karoline Almeida De Almeida Nunes, Gustavo Adolfo Marcelino Faria, Rafael Mendes Sepúlveda, José Parra Da Costa, Lindemberg Barreto Mota Acevedo, Luca Rubilar Rosa, Mário Fabrício Fleury Pino, Esteban J. De Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa, Suélia Universidad de Concepción Electrical Engineering Department Chile University of Brasilia Mechanical Engineering Department Distrito Federal Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Distrito Federal Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Coronary artery stenosis is characterized by the obstruction or narrowing of coronary arteries, impairing blood flow to the cardiac muscle. Cardiovascular diseases rank among the leading global causes of death. Understanding the mechanisms, risk factors, and impacts of coronary artery stenosis (CAD) is essential for developing effective strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment, aiming to enhance cardiovascular health and reduce adverse consequences associated with this condition. Previous studies explore the potential of acoustic devices in non-invasive CAD detection through the analysis of cardiac sounds. A theoretical model utilized a cardiac microphone and signal processing to generate sounds in partially obstructed coronary arteries. Emphasizing the model's sensitivity to geometric and dynamic parameters, this article integrates Bond Graph (BG) models into the analog sound circuit, aiming to develop a dynamic representation of biological processes in complex systems like coronary arteries. This research seeks to construct a comprehensive mathematical model using a state-space approach to enhance understanding, diagnostics, and interventions in cardiovascular conditions. The utilization of BG demonstrated notable similarity to the pathology of the disease, providing an accurate representation of its effects. The model's sensitivity to geometric and dynamic parameters allowed an in-depth understanding of the specific physiological characteristics of the disease, highlighting its ability to reproduce patterns observed in patients with CAD. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Isoleucine Enriched Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplement Improves Glucose and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy College-Age Males but Not in Females

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 137-152页

作者： Michael Dellogono Lyra Clark Mahdi Garelnabi Thomas A. Wilson Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA

Athletes often use branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs) supplements with a ratio of 2:1:1 (leucine:isoleucine:valine) for their impact on muscle building. Research suggests that by altering the ratio, an improvement in glucose metabolism might be possible. The purpose of this study was to examine how isoleucine would influence glucose tolerance. We recruited healthy male (n = 13) and female (n = 5) participants who were asked to fast for 12 hours before coming to the laboratory. A fasting blood sample was collected, followed by the subjects consuming a breakfast containing 113 g carbohydrates, 8 g protein, 1.5 g fat, and BCAA powder in the 2:1:1 ratio (Control) or BCAA powder enriched with Isoleucine (2:6:1), both added to orange juice. The opposite meal was consumed on a second visit one week apart. Blood was collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-meal. No differences were observed between the Control and Isoleucine for changes in serum glucose or insulin response when examining all subjects together. However, when comparing between genders, males tended to have a significantly lower serum glucose response compared to females when consuming the Isoleucine, with no difference between the genders when consuming the Control. Also, males had significantly lower serum glucose responses when consuming the Isoleucine compared to when they consumed the Control, while females had significantly higher serum glucose responses when consuming the Isoleucine compared to when they consumed the Control. In general, males tended to have a lower serum insulin response than females when consuming both the Control and the Isoleucine. Our study indicates a significant difference in the way genders respond to BCAA supplementation, where isoleucine may improve glucose tolerance and insulin response in males but not females.

关键词： Isoleucine Branched-Chain Amino Acids Glucose Tolerance Insulin

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3D Image Generation from X-ray Projections Using Generative Adversarial Networks 23

3D Image Generation from X-ray Projections Using Generative ...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, BIBE 2023

作者： AlShurbaji, Mohammad Dhou, Salam Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350393118

The human brain can effortlessly imagine a 3D image from only 2D images with a little expertise and imagination, but for machines, this is not a trivial task. Because of this, reconstructing 3D images from 2D ones is a hot topic and has many applications. In this paper, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based approach that generates CT-like images using pairs of orthogonal X-ray projections taken from different angles. In this work, a variety of orthogonal pairs from different angles, ranging from 0 &90 to 60 &150, were considered as input to the 3D image generation model. The effectiveness of the proposed method was assessed by measuring the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), which resulted in values of 0.641 and 29.21, respectively. Furthermore, the model's ability to capture the respiratory motion in the input projections and reflect it in the generated images was also assessed. This work demonstrated the feasibility of generating CT-like images from X-ray projections captured from different orthogonal angles taking into consideration the respiratory motion exhibited in these projections. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Singular spectrum analysis – an automatic detection technique for mean scatterer spacing estimation using ultrasound signals

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Research on biomedical engineering 2025年第2期41卷 1-16页

作者： Kauati, Adriana Cortela, Guillermo de Campos, Marcello L. R. Pereira, Wagner C. A. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica e Computação – CECE/UNIOESTE PR Foz do Iguaçu85870 650 Brazil Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasónora – FCien/UdelaR Montevideo Uruguay Electrical Engineering Program – COPPE/UFRJ RJ Rio de Janeiro21941 - 914 Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program – COPPE/UFRJ RJ Rio de Janeiro21941 - 914 Brazil

Purpose: The article proposes an automated method for estimating mean scatterer spacing (MSS) in biological tissues using ultrasound signals. It employs singular spectrum analysis (SSA) with a novel entropy-based criterion to enhance accuracy and eliminate the need for manual parameter tuning. The method is validated using both simulated and real signals, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting microstructural changes in tissues. Methods: The proposed SSA + entropy method estimates the MSS from ultrasound signals using SSA combined with a relative entropy-based criterion. This approach determines the optimal number of eigenvector pairs to reconstruct the periodic part of the signal by identifying the minimum in the entropy curve—a point that corresponds to the number of underlying periodic components, even in noisy conditions. For experimental validation, ex vivo bovine skeletal muscle was analyzed. RF data were collected at a controlled temperature of using a 3.5-MHz transducer. The MSS results obtained via SSA were also independently verified using microscopy and image analysis of muscle fiber spacing, confirming the effectiveness of the entropy-based SSA approach. Results: The MSS estimation method's accuracy decreases as jitter or Ad noise levels increase, with the method performing well when the estimated MSS is within 10% of the true value. Additionally, the standard deviation of MSS estimates increases as Ad levels and jitter values rise. In phantom experiments, MSS was measured using different transducer frequencies with varying results at each frequency. When applied to ex vivo bovine skeletal muscle tissue, the MSS estimation was validated using both RF and imaging methods, with three consistent groups of MSS values observed, confirming the method's applicability and reliability. Conclusion: The proposed method combines SSA and entropy to automatically estimate medium periodicity in ultrasound, eliminating the need for operator intervention. It succes

关键词： Image analysis

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A novel methodology based on static visual stimuli and kinesthetic motor imagery for upper limb neurorehabilitation

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Research on biomedical engineering 2024年第3-4期40卷 687-700页

作者： Bastos-Filho, T.F. Villa-Parra, A.C. Guerrero-Méndez, C.D. González-Cely, A.X. Blanco-Díaz, C.F. Delisle-Rodríguez, D. Igasaki, T. Vitoria Brazil Biomedical Engineering Research Group Salesian Polytechnic University Cuenca Ecuador Postgraduate Program in Neuroengineering Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neurosciences Santos Dumont Institute Macaiba Brazil Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

Purpose: This work proposes a protocol to be used in a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for hand and finger movement rehabilitation aimed at post-stroke patients. This strategy is based on Electroencephalography (EEG) and uses concepts of both Static Visual Stimuli (SVS) of the own subject’s hand (OwnSVS) and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) to improve the motor task recognition of the same limb. Methods: The protocol proposed here takes into account several aspects, such as physical rehabilitation strategies, Active Hand Orthosis (AHO) — represented by a robotic glove —, and the acquisition of the EEG signal over the brain motor area. Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Riemannian Geometry (RG) are used for feature extraction in this work, considering Mu (μ, 8–12 Hz), Low-Beta (Low-β, 13–17 Hz) and High-Beta (High-β, 18–24 Hz) frequency bands. Moreover, a feature selection stage using Pair-Wise Feature Proximity (PWFP) is also used before input to a Machine Learning (ML) classifier. Here, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and Decision Tree (DT) are compared. Results: As results, evaluated in 10 healthy subjects, features using PSD-PWFP and kNN achieved a maximum ACC of 89.81% (with AHO movements), improving by 3% the standard protocol (without AHO movements). Conclusions: The findings of this work indicate that AHO movement assistance can improve the recognition of hand opening and closing MI tasks, which can be implemented in the design of robotic BCI controllers for hand and finger movement neurorehabilitation in stroke patients. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of biomedical engineering 2024.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for High-Resolution Imaging of Sponge Spicule Cross-Sections

Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for Hig...

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Symposium on Natural Fibers and Biocomposites: A Sustainable Solution, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Tavangarian, Fariborz Fani, Niloofar Monfared, Armaghan Hashemi Sadeghzade, Sorour Mechanical Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg MiddletownPA17057 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University State College University ParkPA16802 United States School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031811890

This study comprehensively investigates the effectiveness of three advanced sample preparation techniques—ion milling, laser cuttingLaser-based techniques, and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling—for high-resolution imaging of Euplectella aspergillum sponge fibers called spicules. Primarily composed of silica layers with nanometer-scale organic interlayers, spicules possess complex hierarchical structures which are critical for their mechanical propertiesMechanical property. Accurate characterizationCharacterization of these structures requires advanced sample preparation to prevent artefacts and preserve structural integrity. Ion milling introduced significant surface degradation and uneven material removal in spicules. Despite its precision, laser cutting caused thermal damage and induced micro-cracks, compromising the microstructural integrity. In contrast, FIB milling provided superior results, producing smooth, artefact-free cross-sections with minimal thermal and mechanical stress. The real-time imaging capability of FIB milling further ensured optimal sample preparation, making it the most suitable technique for delicate biological materials like spicules. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the preparation of biological samples for further research and analysis. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Enhancing waste sorting and recycling efficiency: robust deep learning-based approach for classification and detection

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4567-4583页

作者： Sayem, Faizul Rakib Islam, Md. Sakib Bin Naznine, Mansura Nashbat, Mohammad Hasan-Zia, Mazhar Kunju, Ali K Ansaruddin Khandakar, Amith Ashraf, Azad Majid, Molla Ehsanul Kashem, Saad Bin Abul Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Biomedical Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science & Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Chemical Engineering Department University of Doha for Science and Technology Doha Qatar Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Computer Applications Department Academic Bridge Program Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar Department of Computing Science AFG College With the University of Aberdeen Doha Qatar

Given the severity of waste pollution as a major environmental concern, intelligent and sustainable waste management is becoming increasingly crucial in both developed and developing countries. The material composition and volume of urban solid waste are key considerations in processing, managing, and utilizing city waste. Deep learning technologies have emerged as viable solutions to address waste management issues by reducing labor costs and automating complex tasks. However, the limited number of trash image categories and the inadequacy of existing datasets have constrained the proper evaluation of machine learning model performance across a large number of waste classes. In this paper, we present robust waste image classification and object detection studies using deep learning models, utilizing 28 distinct recyclable categories of waste images comprising a total of 10,406 images. For the waste classification task, we proposed a novel dual-stream network that outperformed several state-of-the-art models, achieving an overall classification accuracy of 83.11%. Additionally, we introduced the GELAN-E (generalized efficient layer aggregation network) model for waste object detection tasks, obtaining a mean average precision (mAP50) of 63%, surpassing other state-of-the-art detection models. These advancements demonstrate significant progress in the field of intelligent waste management, paving the way for more efficient and effective solutions. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Deep learning for waste management Intelligent waste management Object detection in waste management Sustainable waste processing Urban solid waste Waste image classification

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Haptic Interfaces Integration in Upper Limb Rehabilitation 3

Haptic Interfaces Integration in Upper Limb Rehabilitation

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3rd International Congress of biomedical engineering and Bioengineering, CIIBBI 2024

作者： Del Pilar Rubiano Giraldo, Andrea Dario Vargas Cardona, Hernan Felipe Amador, Andres Cobo, Estefania Montoya Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Biomedical Engineering Student Cali Colombia Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Applied Mathemathics Program Director Cali Colombia Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali MSc. Biomedical Science - Research Group Bchs Cali Colombia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532352

The activities of daily living (ADLs) encompass self-care tasks that often rely on upper limb function. Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) can compromise these ADLs, necessitating rehabilitation therapy. However, many individuals exhibit poor adherence to prescribed therapies, which exacerbates their conditions and further impairs upper limb functionality. To tackle this challenge, we devised a software tool that integrates a mathematical model with haptic interfaces within a Unity-developed game for the Meta Quest 2 platform. Validation by physiotherapists indicated successful results, affirming its utility as an effective tool for upper limb rehabilitation therapy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Haptic interfaces

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Development of photoreactive demineralized bone matrix 3D printing colloidal inks for bone tissue engineering

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2023年第1期10卷 1604-1617页

作者： Katie J.Hogan Hayriye Oztatlı Marissa R.Perez Sophia Si Reyhan Umurhan Elysa Jui Ziwen Wang Emily Y.Jiang Sa R.Han Mani Diba K.Jane Grande-Allen Bora Garipcan Antonios G.Mikos Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityMS-1426500 Main StreetHoustonTX 77030USA Baylor College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program HoustonTX 77030USA Institute of Biomedical Engineering Bo�gazic¸i University_Istanbul34684Turkey

Demineralized bone matrix(DBM)has been widely used clinically for dental,craniofacial and skeletal bone repair,as an osteoinductive and osteoconductive material.3D printing(3DP)enables the creation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with complex geometries and *** methacryloylated gelatin nanoparticles(GNP-MAs)3DP inks have been developed,which display gel-like behavior for high print fidelity and are capable of post-printing photocrosslinking for control of scaffold swelling and ***,novel DBM nanoparticles(DBM-NPs,∼400 nm)were fabricated and characterized prior to incorporation in 3DP *** objectives of this study were to determine how these DBM-NPs would influence the printability of composite colloidal 3DP inks,assess the impact of ultraviolet(UV)crosslinking on 3DP scaffold swelling and degradation and evaluate the osteogenic potential of DBM-NP-containing composite colloidal *** addition of methacryloylated DBM-NPs(DBM-NP-MAs)to composite colloidal inks(100:0,95:5 and 75:25 GNP-MA:DBM-NP-MA)did not significantly impact the rheological properties associated with printability,such as viscosity and shear recovery or *** crosslinking with a UV dosage of 3 J/cm2 directly impacted the rate of 3DP scaffold swelling for all GNP-MA:DBM-NP-MA ratios with an∼40%greater increase in scaffold area and pore area in uncrosslinked versus photocrosslinked scaffolds over 21 days in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS).Likewise,degradation(hydrolytic and enzymatic)over 21 days for all DBM-NP-MA content groups was significantly decreased,∼45%less in PBS and collagenase-containing PBS,in UV-crosslinked versus uncrosslinked *** incorporation of DBM-NP-MAs into scaffolds decreased mass loss compared to GNP-MA-only scaffolds during collagenase *** in vitro osteogenic study with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated osteoconductive properties of 3DP scaffolds for the DBM-NP-MA contents examine

关键词： demineralized bone matrix colloidal hydrogels 3D printing bone tissue engineering

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Interfering with sleep apnea

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Bioelectronic Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 1-3页

作者： Pedersen, Nigel Paul Astorga, Raul Castillo Department of Neurology School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience University of California Davis 1515 Newton Court DavisCA95618 United States Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering University of California DavisCA95618 United States

The effects of electromagnetic interference have been hiding in plain sight for millennia and are now being applied to the non-invasive stimulation of deep tissues. In the article by Missey et al., the effect of non-invasive stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve by an interference envelope of interfering carrier waves is examined in mice and participants with sleep apnea. This stimulation is capable of activating the nerve and reducing apnea-hypopnea events. Temporally interfering electric fields have potential applications far beyond hypoglossal stimulation and may represent a revolutionary new approach to treating illness and understanding the functional organization of the nervous system. © 2024, The Author(s).

关键词： Electric fields

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