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25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2021

作者： Kozminsky, Molly Scheideler, Olivia J. Li, Brian Liu, Nathaniel K. Sohn, Lydia L. California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences Berkeley United States UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering Berkeley and San Francisco United States UC Berkeley Department of Mechanical Engineering Berkeley United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419031

Cell surface marker expression is a ubiquitously measured property of single-cell phenotypes. However, measuring several markers with exogenous labels can be costly and complex. We applied a novel bioconjugation chemistry known as DNA-directed patterning to functionalize glass substrates with great specificity and flexibility. Combined with a newly-designed node-pore sensing device, we have developed a flexible and label-free platform for multiplexed surface-marker screening of single cells. In this work, we present our design and demonstrate our platform's capability to screen two example cell types for surface-marker expression. © 2021 MicroTAS 2021 - 25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA

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Scalable Stereolithography-Based Monolithic Microfluidic Device Creation for Rapid Biological Sample Analyses 25

Scalable Stereolithography-Based Monolithic Microfluidic Dev...

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25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2021

作者： Markoski, Alex Wong, Ian Y. Borenstein, Jeffrey T. Department of Synthetic Biology and Bio Instrumentation Draper Bioengineering Division CambridgeMA United States School of Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering Joint Program in Cancer Biology Brown University ProvidenceRI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419031

Microfluidic manipulation and perfusion of multicellular spheroids often utilize device geometries with relatively large channels but smaller trapping features, which are tricky to fabricate with robust bonding. Here, we demonstrate one-step light-directed 3D printing of a sealed monolithic device with enclosed channels and pillar arrays, which we validate for capturing and imaging multicellular spheroids in varying flow. Our approach links computer-aided design with finite element simulations of flow and oxygen conditions, which were experimentally realized. We envision these design and fabrication approaches may be useful in generating rapidly designed multiplexed monolithic arrays for preclinical drug testing in cancer. © 2021 MicroTAS 2021 - 25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Continuous single-ended DOI measurement using highly (64:4) multiplexed signals

Continuous single-ended DOI measurement using highly (64:4) ...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： H. S. Shim M. J. Cho J. S. Lee Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of applying a multiplexing method that uses a high-pass filter and an artificial neural network proposed by the authors to a system. The accuracy of the proposed method was measured for four sampling rates ranging from 125MHz to 1GHz and three crystal configurations, including one-to-one coupling, light-sharing, and cDOI configuration. The accuracy was compared using the R 2 value between the true amplitude and estimated amplitude of the signal, and it was confirmed that the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 0.97 or higher in all situations. Furthermore, when measuring the DOI resolution using the cDOI configuration, the proposed method exhibited an accuracy of 0.97 or higher even under side irradiation conditions and achieved a DOI accurcacy of 74.4%. Therefore, it was confirmed that a sufficient DOI resolution could be obtained for an 8 × 8 SiPM array with a 3mm pitch attached with a 12 × 12 LSO array with a 2mm pitch using only four multiplexed readouts. This method guarantees high accuracy, sufficient multiplexing ratio, and operation at a suitable sampling rate for the system.

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Development of a tRNA-derived small RNA diagnostic and prognostic signature in liver cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第2期9卷 393-400页

作者： Yi Zuo Shaoqiu Chen Lingling Yan Ling Hu Scott Bowler Emory Zitello Gang Huang Youping Deng Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430064PR China Department of Quantitative Health Sciences John A.Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96813USA Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Program College of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318PR China

Liver cancer presents divergent clinical *** remain opportunities for molecular markers to improve liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis,especially since tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNA)have rarely been *** this study,a random forests(RF)diagnostic model was built based upon tsRNA profiling of paired tumor and adjacent normal samples and validated by independent validation(IV).A LASSO model was used to developed a seven-tsRNA-based risk score signature for liver cancer *** performance was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)and Precision-Recall curve(PR curve).The five-tsRNA-based RF diagnosis model had area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)88%and area under the precision–recall curve(AUPR)87%in the discovery cohort and 87%and 86%in IV-AUROC and IV-AUPR,*** seven-tsRNA-based prognostic model predicts the overall survival of liver cancer patients(Hazard Ratio 2.02,95%CI 1.36–3.00,P<0.001),independent of standard clinicopathological prognostic ***,the model successfully categorizes patients into high-low risk *** and prognostic modeling can be reliably utilized in the diagnosis of liver cancer and high-low risk classification of patients based upon tsRNA characterization.

关键词： Diagnosis Liver cancer Prognosis Random forests tRNA-derived small RNAs

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Emulating Scanning Process for Stochastic Bone Scan Denoising

Emulating Scanning Process for Stochastic Bone Scan Denoisin...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： S. Bae J.S. Lee Seoul National University Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul Republic of Korea Seoul National University Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Brightonix Imaging Inc Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

Improving the quality of low-dose nuclear medicine images can reduce radiation exposure and acquisition time, and deep learning is a major trend in this area. Due to the nature of deterministic denoising, restored images are often blurred. In this study, we used the Generative Accumulation of Photons (GAP) method to stochastically denoise bone scan images by emulating the scanning process. The effectiveness of the method was evaluated using 99mTc MDP and DPD bone scan images from Seoul National University Hospital and compared with well-established deterministic denoising schemes - low-dose image to low-dose image training (Noise2Noise, N2N) and low-dose image to full-dose image supervised training (Noise2Full, N2F). The mean of stochastically sampled full-dose images using GAP showed higher structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to N2F and N2N denoising results, along with good perceptual metrics calculated using Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS). For denoising $50 \%$ dose images, GAP achieved SSIM of 0.938, PSNR of 36.76 dB, and LPIPS of 0.039. Additionally, for denoising 20% dose images, GAP achieved SSIM of 0.891, PSNR of 34.34 dB, and LPIPS of 0.086 (average of 41 images).

关键词： Training Semiconductor device measurement Nuclear medicine Microwave integrated circuits PSNR Semiconductor detectors Noise reduction

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A Novel Energy Estimation Method for PET Detectors Composed of Multiple Scintillators

A Novel Energy Estimation Method for PET Detectors Composed ...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

In this study, we propose a novel technique for estimating energy in PET detectors composed of multiple scintillators. We mixed waveforms from two detectors, each containing BGO, GAGG, or LGSO scintillators, and trained a model using artificial neural networks to distinguish the energy of each waveform. We compared the accuracy of using amplitude and integration values as labels for energy estimation, using R 2 values as a metric. When applying the neural network-based energy estimator to the mixed waveforms of BGO and GAGG detectors, the R 2 values were (0.88, 0.99) for amplitude-based training and (0.95, 0.99) for integration-based training. In BGO and LGSO, the R 2 values were (0.94, 0.99) for amplitude-based training and (0.99, 0.99) for integration-based training. In GAGG and LGSO, the R 2 values were (0.99, 0.98) for amplitude-based training and (0.99, 0.98) for integration-based training. By utilizing this method, we could estimate energy in radiation detectors that combine scintillators with different properties, including phoswich detectors and meta-scintillators.

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Recent technological advances in lab-on-a-chip for bone remodeling

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X 2023年 14卷

作者： Kim, Seoyeon Rajendran, Arun Kumar Amirthalingam, Sivashanmugam Kim, Jung Hun So, Kyoung-Ha Hwang, Nathaniel S. School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute of Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a three-dimensional cell culture platform with a microfluidic flow that biomimics the physiological system of various organs. LOC emerged as a future replacement technology for in vitro cell-based models and in vivo animal models, gaining popularity in the field of physiology, pharmacology, and biology. Nowadays, sensors are incorporated into the LOC system to monitor real-time parameters of the cell and its microenvironment in response to biophysical and/or biochemical stimuli and maturation. A considerable amount of studies has been conducted to detect the mechanical, physical, electrical, and metabolic parameters of engineered organs. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight into how the biosensor-implemented LOC platform can be utilized for the analysis of tissue recapitulating systems with a focus on bone remodeling. We describe chip design, basic principles of sensors, and ongoing recent efforts to perform in-line analysis of engineered organoids. This review also presents various imaging techniques used as analytical tools for visualizing LOC. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Biosensors

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Advances in liposomal nanotechnology: from concept to clinics

RSC Pharmaceutics

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RSC Pharmaceutics 2024年第5期1卷 928-948页

作者： Reem M. Senjab Nour AlSawaftah Waad H. Abuwatfa Ghaleb A. Husseini Biomedical Engineering Program College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates ghusseini@aus.edu Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Biosciences and Bioengineering PhD Program College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates

Liposomes, spherical phospholipid vesicles with a unique morphology mimicking that of body cells, have emerged as versatile nanoparticles for drug delivery. Their biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, targeted delivery, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics make them stand out over traditional drug delivery systems. Liposomes can be tailored in size, composition, lamellarity, and surface charge, offering a unique level of customization for various applications. Extensive research in liposome technology has led to the development of a wide range of liposomal formulations with enhanced functionalities, such as PEGylated liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, and stimuli-responsive liposomes. Beyond their crucial role in cancer treatment, liposomes play a significant role in influenza, COVID-19, cancer, and hepatitis A vaccines. They are also utilized in pain management, fungal treatment, brain targeting, and topical and ocular drug delivery. This review offers insight into the types of liposomes, their composition, preparation methods, characterization methods, and clinical applications. Additionally, it discusses challenges and highlights potential future directions in liposome-based drug delivery.

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Gamma-ray Probe Endoscope using Phoswich structure & Pulse Shape Discrimination system

Gamma-ray Probe Endoscope using Phoswich structure & Pulse S...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： M. Park H. Lee S. Song J. Hwang C. Park K. Lee J.-Y. Yeom Department of Bioengineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea Global Health-Tech Research Center Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

This study focuses on separation of gamma-ray signals, when a high density BGO is used in place of a light guide. The purpose of utilizing BGO instead of the light guide is to shield the GAGG scintillator from background radiation while also acting as a light guide. By using a 1.5mm BGO scintillator, over 87% of side/rear gamma rays were found to interact with BGO rather than GAGG. Gamma radiation interacting with GAGG from the front and the signals interacting with BGO from the side/rear can be separated using our pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method. In addition, unlike the conventional gamma-ray PSD method that processes with raw signals, our method can separate signals processed through CSA using rising time discrimination. By shielding side/rear gamma rays, the structural/spatial limitations of detectors such as the 3 mm diameter flexible gamma probe endoscope being developed by our research team, which limits the use shielding materials, can be overcome.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Scintillators Shape Endoscopes Semiconductor detectors Gamma-rays Probes

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Synthesis of Flexible Cellulose Based Bioelectrode for Neural Sensing Applications

Synthesis of Flexible Cellulose Based Bioelectrode for Neura...

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Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET)

作者： Meera Alex Amaal Abdulraqeb Ali Amani Al Othman Hasan Al Nashash Mohammed H. Al-Sayah Biosciences and Bioengineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Chemical and Biological Engineering Deapartment American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Electrical Engineering Deapartment American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Deapartment American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

ISBN: (数字)9798350344134

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344141

Bioelectrodes act as pivotal interfaces between soft neural tissues and external devices for sensing or stimulating purposes. Conventionally, metals such as platinum and iridium have been utilized as bioelectrode materials. However, challenges in interfacing, design and implementation led to the exploration of alternative materials. These challenges include: biocompatibility, mechanical mismatches between tissues and electrodes, cost, reliability, durability in body fluids, and sustainability. This study proposes to synthesize and characterize natural-based cellulose bioelectrodes as flexible, viable, cost-effective, and sustainable substitute for conventional metal-based bioelectrodes, particularly in neural/muscle sensing applications. We report the synthesis of a composite cellulosebased bioelectrode using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glycerol at varying compositions. The fabricated electrode was characterized electrochemically to determine its bulk impedance, conductivity, and charge storage density. Results show that the cellulose-based biomaterial containing 23% cellulose, 7% glycerol, and 70% PDMS exhibits a bulk impedance of 0.732 kΩ and a conductivity of 1.8×10 −3 S/cm. The flexible electrode could store a charge of 0.589 mC/cm 2 which is lower than the safe limit for some tissues.

关键词： Electrodes Costs Platinum Cellulose Conductivity Muscles Sensors Impedance Reliability Sustainable development

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