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Carbon nanomaterials for cardiovascular theranostics:Promises and challenges

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第8期6卷 2261-2280页

作者： Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy Sajitha Mathan Weiang Yan Alireza Rafieerad Saravanan Sekaran Hanna Manego Sanjiv Dhingra Regenerative Medicine Program Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt.Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyCollege of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Centre for Nanotechnology&Advanced Biomaterials(CeNTAB) Department of BioengineeringSchool of Chemical and BiotechnologySASTRA UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Section of Cardiac Surgery Department of SurgeryMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the leading cause of death *** attack and stroke cause irreversible tissue *** currently available treatment options are limited to“damage-control”rather than tissue *** recent advances in nanomaterials have offered novel approaches to restore tissue function after *** particular,carbon nanomaterials(CNMs)have shown significant promise to bridge the gap in clinical translation of biomaterial based *** family of carbon allotropes(including graphenes,carbon nanotubes and fullerenes)have unique physiochemical properties,including exceptional mechanical strength,electrical conductivity,chemical behaviour,thermal stability and optical *** intrinsic properties make CNMs ideal materials for use in cardiovascular *** review is focused on recent efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases using graphenes and carbon *** first section introduces currently available derivatives of graphenes and carbon nanotubes and discusses some of the key characteristics of these *** second section covers their application in drug delivery,biosensors,tissue engineering and immunomodulation with a focus on cardiovascular *** final section discusses current shortcomings and limitations of CNMs in cardiovascular applications and reviews ongoing efforts to address these concerns and to bring CNMs from bench to bedside.

关键词： Carbon nanomaterials Cardiovascular disease Drug delivery Biosensors Cardiac tissue engineering Immunomodulation

Development and Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Β-Cyclodextrin Nanoemulsions Encapsulating Betel Leaf Extract for Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Foodborne Pathogen

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Aayush, Krishna Singh, Gurvendra Pal Chiu, Ivy Joshi, Manisha Sharma, Kanika Gautam, Sunakshi Chavan, Prafull Jha, Nidhi Singh, Abhishek Kumar Babaei, Azadeh Sharma, Somesh Yang, Tianxi Food Nutrition and Health Program Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University Distt Solan H.P Bajhol173229 India Department of Chemistry Chandradhari Mithila Science College Bihar Darbhanga846001 India Department of Chemistry Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch Karaj Iran

This study aims to investigate the physical stability, droplet size distribution, zeta potential, and antimicrobial properties of nanoemulsions formulated with betel leaf extract using β-cyclodextrin (CD) and sodium alginate (SA) biopolymers. Nanoemulsions with β-cyclodextrin exhibit superior stability at lower temperatures, with limited droplet size distribution, and strong electrostatic repulsion. Morphological images demonstrate the successful encapsulation of betel leaf extract within both biopolymers, highlighting their potential for antimicrobial applications. Both CD and SA nanoemulsions display inhibitory effects on bacterial strains (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and B. cereus) and fungal growth (A. brasiliensis, R. stolonifer, F. oxysporum, and C. albicans). SA nanoemulsions show higher antimicrobial activity due to H+ ion release, particularly against A. brasiliensis and C. albicans. These findings underscore the potential of betel leaf extract nanoemulsions, especially those with SA, for various antimicrobial applications in food supply chain, highlighting their significance in addressing microbial challenges. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drops

Phage Display-Selected Peptides: Research and Clinical Applications in Cancer Imaging

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Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society 2025年第7期31卷 e70034页

作者： Atike Nur Cimen Melis Hazal Porsuk Ozlem Kutlu Sibel Cetinel Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) Istanbul Turkey. Molecular Biology Genetics and Bioengineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul Turkey.

Phage display has emerged as a groundbreaking technique for discovering novel biomolecules with significant applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This technique employs genetically engineered bacteriophages to display diverse libraries of peptides on their coat proteins, enabling the identification of candidates through a biopanning process targeting specific cancer markers. Biomolecules identified via phage display are widely used as molecular tools, often labeled with imaging agents or conjugated to nanoparticles for noninvasive tumor imaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in phage display applications in cancer research over the past 5 years and prominent examples of clinical studies. The analysis underscores the potential of phage display to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecules, highlighting its promise for future clinical implementation in cancer imaging.

关键词： cancer imaging peptide phage display

Microenvironmental Entropy Dynamics Analysis Reveals Novel Insights In Notch-Delta-Jagged Decision-Making Mechanism

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Pujar, Aditi Ajith Barua, Arnab Dey, Partha Sarathi Singh, Divyoj Roy, Ushasi Jolly, Mohit Kumar Hatzikirou, Haralampos Department of Bioengineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Undergraduate Program Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Hyderabad500046 India Mathematics Department Khalifa University P.O. Box: 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Technische Univesität Dresden Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing Nöthnitzer Straße 46 P.O. Box: Dresden01062 Germany

Notch-Delta-Jagged (NDJ) signaling among neighboring cells contributes crucially to spatiotemporal pattern formation and developmental decision-making. Many mathematical models capturing detailed biochemical reaction rate parameters have been developed for NDJ signaling. However, the high dimensionality of parameter space in such models limits their analytical treatments, especially in the context of impact of local microenvironmental fluctuations. Here, using the low-dimensional dynamics of the recently postulated least microenvironmental uncertainty principle (LEUP) framework, we showcase how the LEUP formalism recapitulates a noisy NDJ spatial patterning. Our LEUP simulations show that local phenotypic entropy increases for lateral inhibition, but decreases for lateral induction. This distinction allows us to identify a critical parameter that captures the transition from a Notch-Delta driven lateral inhibition to a Notch-Jagged driven lateral induction phenomenon, and suggests random phenotypic patterning in the case of lack of dominance of either Notch-Delta or Notch-Jagged signaling. Our results enable an analytical treatment to map the high-dimensional dynamics of NDJ signaling on tissue-level patterning, and can possibly be generalized to decode operating principles of collective cellular decision-making. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

Reduction of Reflected Light on Fluorescence Emission for Indocyanine Green

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Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2022年第1期5卷 011004页

作者： Kwon, So Yoon Yoon, Ki-Cheol Kim, Kwang Gi Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Medical Devices R&D Center Gachon University Gil Medical Center 774 beon-gil Namdong-daero Namdong-gu Incheon21565 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Gachon University 38-13 Dokjom-ro 3 Namdong-gu Incheon21565 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science Gachon University 191 Hambakmoero Yeonsu-gu Incheon21936 Korea Republic of Gachon University 38-13 3 Dokjom-ro Namdong-gu Incheon21565 Korea Republic of

Inside the brain tumor, the blood vessels are intricately composed, and the tumors and blood vessels are similar in color. Therefore, when observing tumors and blood vessels with the naked eye or a surgical microscope, it is difficult to distinguish between tumors and blood vessels. Fluorescence staining with indocyanine green (ICG) is performed to distinguish between brain tumors and blood vessels using a surgical microscope. However, when observing the blood circulation state of a tumor or blood vessel through a surgical microscope, light reflection occurs from the camera. In the process of observing the state of the blood vessel, due to the occurrence of light reflection, an obstruction phenomenon in which the observation field is blocked by the blood vessel of the object to be observed occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose the vascular condition. In this experiment, the 780 nm light-emitting diode (LED) was irradiated to the ICG phantom, and then, when the fluorescence expression image was observed, the polarizing filter such as circular polarized light (CPL) filter and linear polarized light (LPL) filter was inserted into the camera, and the reflected light was reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the reflected light from the fluorescence expression image by using a polarizing filter, and it is expected to be applicable to surgery and diagnostic fields of cancer such as surgery. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Microscopes

Accuracy Enhancement of L-Band EPR Tooth Dosimetry by Implementing Multiple Harmonic Detection

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Oh, Jeonghun Koo, Chang Uk Park, Jong In Choi, Kwon Lee, Junyoung Hirata, Hiroshi Ye, Sung-Joon Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Ionizing Radiation Metrology Group Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon34113 Korea Republic of Research Institute for Convergence Science Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University Sapporo060–0814 Japan Department of Applied Bioengineering Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology Seoul National University Suwon16629 Korea Republic of Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul03080 Korea Republic of

In a large-scale radiation accident, the swift classification of individuals exposed to high levels of radiation is crucial to minimize casualties. In-vivo tooth dosimetry using L-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a promising method for this purpose, as it can estimate individual exposure levels rapidly and non-invasively. However, the accuracy of dose estimation associated with this technique remains a great challenge. To enhance the accuracy, digital multiple harmonic detection (MHD) was incorporated into a home-built L-band EPR spectrometer. This approach enabled the utilization of information present in higher harmonics of EPR signals, which has been often discarded in traditional EPR spectroscopy. Acquired multiple harmonic spectra were reconstructed to the first derivative spectrum to merge information and mitigate the signal broadening. The modulation amplitude varied in a range of 0.3 to 0.7 mT to maximize the accuracy. In a 0.5-minute measurement at 0.6 mT, the standard error of inverse prediction (SEIP) was reduced to 0.57 Gy from 0.71 Gy. The statistical significancy of the enhancement was validated. In conclusion, the accuracy enhanced by this MHD can contribute to improving the efficiency of triage systems in the aftermath of a mass radiation accident. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Paramagnetic resonance

Isothermal amplification-mediated lateral flow biosensors for in vitro diagnosis of gastric cancer-related microRNAs

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TALANTA 2022年 246卷 123502页

作者： Seo, Seung Beom Hwang, Jin-Seong Kim, Eunjung Kim, Kyujung Roh, Seokbeom Lee, Gyudo Lim, Jaewoo Kang, Byunghoon Jang, Soojin Son, Seong Uk Kang, Taejoon Jung, Juyeon Kim, Jang-Seong Keun-Hur Han, Tae-Su Lim, Eun-Kyung Bionanotechnol Res Ctr Korea Res Inst Bioscience & Biotechnol KRIBB Daejeon 34141 South Korea Pusan Natl Univ Dept Cogno Mech Engn Pusan 46241 South Korea Biotherapeut Translat Res Ctr KRIBB Daejeon 34141 South Korea Univ Sci & Technol UST KRIBB Sch Biotechnol Dept Funct Genom Daejeon 34113 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Dept Bioengineering Nano bioengineering Incheon 22012 South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Div Bioengineering Incheon 22012 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Biotechnol & Bioinformat Sejong 30019 South Korea Korea Univ Interdisciplinary Grad Program Artificial Intelli Sejong 30019 South Korea KRIBB Sch Biotechnol Dept Nanobiotechnol UST Daejeon 34113 South Korea Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Med Dept Biochem & Cell Biol Daegu 41944 South Korea

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various tumors. Currently, many diagnostic systems have been developed to detect miRNAs, but simple techniques for detecting miRNAs are still required. Recently, we reported that the expression of miRNA-135b is upregulated in gastric epithelial cells during gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. Our aim was to develop an in vitro diagnostic platform to analyze the expression of gastric cancer-related biomarkers in the blood. The diagnostic platform comprised an isothermal amplification-based lateral flow biosensor (IA-LFB) that enables easy diagnosis of gastric cancer through visual observation. In this platform, trace amounts of biomarkers are isothermally amplified through rolling circle amplification (RCA), and the amplified product is grafted to the LFB. The performance of the IA-LFB was confirmed using RNAs extracted from in vitro and in vivo models. The platform could detect target miRNAs within 3 h with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. In particular, the IA-LFB could detect the overexpression of gastric cancer-related markers (miRNA-135b and miRNA-21) in RNAs extracted from the blood of patients with various stages (stages 1-4) of gastric cancer compared to that in healthy volunteers. Therefore, IA-LFB is a simple and sensitive in vitro diagnostic system for detecting gastric cancer-related biomarkers and can contribute to the early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of gastric cancer. Furthermore, this technology can be applied to systems that can detect multiple biomarkers related to various diseases (such as infectious and genetic diseases).

关键词： Gastric cancer microRNAs Lateral flow biosensor Rolling circle amplification In vitro diagnosis

Neuronal Outgrowth and Differentiation on Poly(glycerol sebacate)

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2020年第1期1417卷 54-62页

作者： Meghan E. Casey Sabrina S. Jedlicka Bioengineering Program Bethlehem USA Materials Science and Engineering Department Bethlehem USA Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Bethlehem USA

The importance of the extracellular mechanical environment in stem cell differentiation has been extensively studied over the last decade. In neuronal cell differentiation, matrix stiffness and neurite outgrowth have been correlated, highlighting the impact of matrix effects on neuronal cell morphology. In addition, on materials that approach the physiological mechanical properties of brain tissue, neurons from mixed phenotype primary cultures will prevail. However, if the same mixed culture is grown on polystyrene, glial populations are more prevalent. Enhancing the understanding of these differentiation processes will further expand the ability to design materials for neuronal implants that are conducive to neuronal survival, resist glial scarring and promote neurite outgrowth and cell connectivity. Specifically, elastomers such as poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) hold promise in neuronal tissue engineering, due to their mechanical tunability. PGS is biocompatible, biodegradable and possesses mechanical properties similar to that of living tissue. Neuronal cell differentiation was studied on PGS, using P19 embryonic carcinoma cells, which can be differentiated into a neuronal phenotype using retinoic acid. Varying cure temperatures of PGS including 120°, 140° and 165°C were selected, which equate to an elastic modulus of 0.07, 0.43 and 2.30 MPa respectively. Cells were characterized via immunocytochemistry. A primarily astrocytic population, with limited neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth were observed on the PGS 120°C. Cells grown on PGS 140°C demonstrated marked neurite outgrowth, with an increase in neuronal cells. Cells grown on the PGS 165°C exhibited the largest population of neurons, with significant neurite outgrowth. These results indicate that substrate mechanical properties do impact neuronal differentiation, but that a material with a Young’s modulus similar to that of neuronal tissue (PGS 120°C) may not necessarily be the most conducive to in

关键词： biomaterial biological polymer

Reduction Reactions Dominate the Interactions between Metals and Cells: Understanding the Mechanisms

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Jua Gilbert, Jeremy L. Lv, William W. Pan, Haobo Du, Ping Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomaterials CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science System Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen University Town 1068 Xueyuan Avenue Shenzhen518055 China Syracuse Biomaterials Institute Syracuse University Syracuse University 318 Bowne Hall SyracuseNY13244 United States Clemson- Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program Department of Bioengineering Clemson University 68 Presidents St CharlestonSC39425 United States Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Shenzhen Healthemes Biotechnology Co. Ltd Shenzhen518102 China

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are popular biodegradable metals studied for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications, mainly because Mg ions are essential trace elements known to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, all metal corrosion, including Mg alloys, consists of oxidation and reduction reactions, where oxidation of metal is inevitably accompanied by reduction of water, oxygen, and other biomolecules nearby. It is still unclear how all these by-products and Mg ions concomitantly alter the microenvironment and cell behaviors spatially and temporally. By-products produced from reduction reactions like alkaline pH, hydrogen, and ROS/RNS are generally unwanted side effects;however, reduction reactions are inevitable. Depending on the rate, reduction reactions exhibit biphasic effects that can induce discrete biological responses. This study shows that Mg corrosion produces ROS both in vitro and in vivo, and ROS significantly affects HIF1A expression and signaling pathways like WNT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, related to BMSC proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, cells may respond to Mg ions and oxidative stress differently at different pH levels, which can vary in different pathological conditions. Therefore, this study provides a fundamental insight into the importance of reduction reactions in all metallic biomaterials. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnesium alloys