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The Pull of Tissue Engineering: A STEM Outreach program with a Modular Cyclic Stretch Device to Engage High School Students

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Biomedical Engineering Education 2021年第1期2卷 31-39页

作者： Ozdemir, Tugba Senocak, Erdal Gerber, Gene Tayhan, Secil Erden Brown, Justin L. Biomedical Engineering Program Chemical and Biological Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City USA Department of Science Education Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University State College USA Department of Genetics and Bioengineering Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey

In this paper we designed a STEM outreach program with a modular tissue engineering education tool (we refer to as “modular cyclic-stretch device”) to engage high school students in STEM hands-on activities. Using simple machines such as gears and rotating cams, students were able to build a custom device to apply cyclic stretch to biomaterials. With the help of this hands-on activity, our outreach program helped students grasp tendon tissue biomechanics and understand the importance of applying biomechanical force to regenerate tendon tissue in a laboratory setting. The two-day outreach program comprised: 1. pre- and post-tests; 2. lectures; 3. laboratory sessions, including the microscopic examination of stained tissue sections and a hands-on group activity employing the modular cyclic-stretch device; and 4. homework. Assessment results suggest that our program supports improved student awareness and interest in tissue engineering as a future profession. The program elevated students’ confidence in their ability to apply engineering principles to tasks such as building a modular cyclic-stretch device and measuring the mechanical properties of biological tissues. Building an educational bioreactor improved students’ understanding of the dynamic nature of the human body and the importance of tissue engineering as an emerging discipline towards replacing or regenerating damaged organs. We propose that our modular device has great outreach potential to introduce tissue engineering concepts to high school and potentially college freshmen engineering students.

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MR-Compatibility of Detector Modules for a Second-Generation RF-Penetrable Brain TOF-PET Insert for Simultaneous PET/MRI

MR-Compatibility of Detector Modules for a Second-Generation...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Qian Dong Zander Adams Ronald D. Watkins Salar Sajedi Chen-Ming Chang Ilaria Sacco Craig S. Levin Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Physics Stanford University and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Stanford CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665421133

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421140

Simultaneous positron emission tomography / magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) acquires fused anatomical and molecular information of diseases. However, this diagnostically attractive idea is highly technically challenging due to the mutual interference between PET and MRI. Currently, clinical integrated PET/MRI systems are available, but only three support simultaneous PET/MRI and only two support time-of-flight (ToF). For small brain structures, a brain-dedicated PET insert provides better spatial resolution and sensitivity performances at a more affordable cost since it can be inserted into any existing MR system. Our first generation RF-penetrable brain PET insert has proven RF-penetrability and MR-compatibility. In the second generation system, SiPM signals are digitized inside detectors which results in better PET performance but presents a greater technical challenge for achieving MR-compatibility. In this paper, we report our initial MR-compatibility results for two fully assembled TOF PET detector modules. We studied the MR noise spectrum and MR image quality change with PET detectors present. With the presence of PET detectors, no noise peaks were induced in the MR acquisition, but the average noise level was increased by 15%, which led to a -3.1 to -4.2 dB degradation in MR image SNR. The uniformity of MR images was influenced by less than 2%. No ghosting artifacts were detected (ghosting intensity level (GIL) < 2%). The changes seen with just two detectors may not exist once we scale up to the full PET ring.

关键词： Image quality Sensitivity Magnetic resonance imaging Detectors Interference Positron emission tomography Spatial resolution

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Investigation of a Novel Approach for RF Shielding of PET Detectors in PET/MR Imaging

Investigation of a Novel Approach for RF Shielding of PET De...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Zander Adams Qian Dong Ronald D. Watkins Craig S. Levin Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Physics Stanford University and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Stanford CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665421133

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421140

Simultaneous PET/MRI is a promising advancement that combines functional and structural molecular imaging to improve diagnostic capabilities. Achieving this integration, however, has proven challenging due to the propensity for mutual interference between MRI and other electronics. Powerful magnetic fields and RF signals from the MR system interfere with PET detector electronics in the bore, and the PET detectors may radiate extraneous signals which impact MR image quality. Specialized shielding is required to achieve electromagnetic compatibility without introducing additional artifacts into images. In this work, we evaluate the suitability of a metallic shielding paint for our application. We establish an acceptable lower bound on shielding effectiveness of −28.7 dB near the MRI center frequency of 127.74 MHz and show that the shielding material is less prone to eddy currents than comparable alternatives.

关键词： Radio frequency Molecular imaging Image quality Magnetic resonance imaging RF signals Detectors Interference

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Methodological Properties of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Equipment Used for Analgesia in Humans: a Systematic Review

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SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine 2021年第6期3卷 1363-1372页

作者： Guimarães, Igor Batista Volpini Lana, Mariana Ribeiro de Aquino, Mariana Rodrigues Carvalho Cavalheiro, Jessé Mendonça Alves, Davi Neiva Vimieiro, Claysson Bruno Santos Associação Mineira de Reabilitação Orthotics for Humans Laboratory (OhLab) Child Rehabilitation Center Belo Horizonte Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Bioengineering Laboratory Labbio Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Biomedical Engineering Department Universidade FUMEC Belo Horizonte Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Pain is considered a public health problem due to its high economic cost, high prevalence, and great impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been shown to be a safe, inexpensive option with satisfactory results in improving pain control. However, the success of this therapy presents as key factors the parameters used, among them the intensity and duration of treatment. However, little is known about the validation of such equipment. To perform a systematic review of the equipment available for the application of electrostimulation as a therapeutic resource for analgesia, which had their methodological properties tested. A systematic literature search was conducted for all relevant scientific articles in the SCIELO, Medline/PubMed, PEDRo, and EBSCO databases. A total of 318 articles were found. Sixty-six were duplicate studies, 252 were selected by title, 72 by abstract, 5 by text full reading, and finally only 2 were included, since the others did not meet the pre-established inclusion criteria. The evidence gathered in this study shows that the performance evaluation of commercially available electrostimulation equipment may be a responsibility of the national regulatory agency. Our findings reinforce the importance of greater availability of information about the regulatory processes of these devices and the verification of the parameters of the regulated devices, so that the achievement of therapeutic goals is not compromised.

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Operational modeling for testing diagnostic tools impact on tuberculosis diagnostic cascade: A model design

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Procedia Computer Science 2021年 181卷 650-657页

作者： Luana M.A. da Costa Filipe Andrade Bernardi Tiago Lara Michelin Sanches Afranio Kritski Rafael Mello Galliez Domingos Alves Bioengineering Postgraduate Program University of São Paulo São Carlos Brazil Center of Information and Informatics in Health Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil Tuberculosis Academic Program - School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Line Probe Assay (LPA) is a rapid molecular technique used for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) presence and resistance to first-line drugs such as Rifampicin and Isoniazid. The study presented here is part of an initiative of the Brazilian Tuberculosis Network (REDE-TB) researchers, together with the National Brazilian Tuberculosis Control program from Health Ministry for the development of mechanisms that improve the clinical and epidemiological impact of LPA use in reference centers in Brazil. Here we use the operational model concept to see sharply the whole flow of processes in order to evaluate diagnostics cascades. Based on that, first, we developed a design of tuberculosis system operations in discrete-time based model, then we made a description of an agent-based transmission model developed to be incorporated to the operational design. After the implementation of the design, we can make a prediction that directly influences the choice of the most appropriate intervention and consequently the result of the cost-effectiveness analysis, translated by the feasibility of the chosen test to future works.

关键词： Operational Modelling Tuberculosis Diagnostic Cascade

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Left atrial wall thickness and its relationship with reconnection after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation evaluated using a three-dimensional wall thickness map

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International Journal of Arrhythmia 2021年第1期22卷 1-13页

作者： Oh, Seil Joo, Yoon Ha Lee, Euijae Lee, So-Ryoung Cha, Myung-Jin Choi, Eue-Keun Lee, Jung Chan Lee, Whal Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea

The major cause of recurrence after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is PV reconnection, and thicker wall could be associated with reconnection. This study aimed to evaluate the wall thickness of the PV antrum in reconnection sites using a three-dimensional (3D) wall thickness map. A total of 91 patients who underwent a second ablation procedure due to AF recurrence were evaluated. The locations of the PV reconnection sites were confirmed in electroanatomical maps. A 3D atrial wall thickness (AWT) map was created using computed tomography scan data. The AWT values of the ablation lines of the index procedure were graded in each segment of the PV antrum: grade 1, 0.5 < AWT ≤ 1.0 mm; grade 2, 1.0 < AWT ≤ 1.5 mm; grade 3, 1.5 < AWT ≤ 2.0 mm; grade 4, 2.0 < AWT ≤ 2.5 mm; grade 5, AWT > 2.5 mm. A total of 281 PV reconnection sites among 1256 segments of the PV antrum in 79 patients were detected. The average AWT grades were 2.7 ± 1.0 and 2.2 ± 1.0 in the reconnected and non-reconnected segments, respectively (P < 0.01). Higher AWT grades were observed in the reconnected superior segments of the left superior PV, carina and inferior segments of the left inferior PV, superior and posterior segments of the right superior PV, and posterior and inferior segments of the right inferior PV. The reconnected segments of the PV antrum showed thicker myocardium than the non-reconnected ones in patients with recurrent AF after catheter ablation. A wall thickness map for PV isolation could be considered for customized ablation in order to reduce PV reconnection.

关键词： Catheter ablation Atrial fibrillation Pulmonary vein Wall thickness

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Performance of Detector Modules for a Second-Generation RF-Penetrable Brain TOF-PET Insert for Simultaneous PET/MRI

Performance of Detector Modules for a Second-Generation RF-P...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Qian Dong Salar Sajedi Zander Adams Chen-Ming Chang Ilaria Sacco Ronald D. Watkins Craig S. Levin Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Physics Stanford University Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Stanford CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665421133

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421140

Multimodality imaging is a very promising field. The tremendous success of integrating positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated the beneficial role it can play in clinical diagnosis. Compared to CT, MRI is similar in spatial resolution and offers better soft-tissue contrast, zero ionizing radiation exposure, simultaneous imaging with PET, and functional information with functional MRI (fMRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS). Currently, clinical permanently-integrated PET/MRI systems are available. However, the high cost impedes the widespread availability of PET/MR imaging. An alternative approach is to develop a portable PET insert that leverages the existing MRI units and is thus more affordable than the commercial permanently-integrated PET/MRI solution. We are developing a cost-efficient RF-penetrable time of flight (TOF)-PET insert for simultaneous PET/MRI, which is portable, MR-compatible, and TOF-capable. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two fully assembled detector modules comprising 128x6x2 LYSO crystal elements coupled to matching SiPMs for our RF-penetrable TOF-PET insert design. The global coincidence time resolution, energy resolution, coincidence count rate, and detector temperature achieved over 10 1-minute datasets were 238.0 ± 0.4 ps FWHM, 11.5 ± 0.02% FWHM, 25.1 ± 0.2 kcps, and 22.6 ± 1.0 ◦ C, respectively. These results demonstrate the excellent ToF capability and the performance stability for a scalable detector module.

关键词： Spectroscopy Ionizing radiation Computed tomography Energy resolution Detectors Crystals Functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Designing a system for forward-viewing 3D intravascular ultrasound imaging of blood flow velocity: assessing the effect of the catheter on velocity estimation in stenoses

Designing a system for forward-viewing 3D intravascular ultr...

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IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium

作者： Saeyoung Kim Bowen Jing Brooks D. Lindsey Interdisciplinary BioEngineering Graduate Program Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728154480

ISBN: (纸本)9781728154497

Wall shear stress (WSS) has been associated with development of high-risk plaque, which increases the likelihood for major adverse cardiac events. Recently, we have used a catheter-based, 3D intravascular forward-viewing ultrasound (FV US) transducer to directly estimate velocity fields in the femoral artery of a pig. Because inserting a catheter will affect the blood flow dynamics in the artery, in this work, the effects of a catheter on flow dynamics are experimentally quantified in both femoral and coronary stenotic vessels in phantoms to determine conditions in which velocity can be accurately estimated. An external linear array transducer was used to estimate velocity in the lumen at 5000 fps via a particle imaging velocimetry approach. The current study indicates that a hollow, catheter-based FV US could be used to quantify the flow dynamics surrounding stenoses with minimal flow disturbance, and thus could potentially assess elevated WSS and risk of plaque rupture.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Transducers Three-dimensional displays Imaging Catheters Arteries Blood flow

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A Curated Rotamer Library for Common Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Oufan Naik, Shubhankar A. Liu, Zi Hao Forman-Kay, Julie Head-Gordon, Teresa Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Molecular Medicine Program Hospital for Sick Children TorontoONM5G 0A4 Canada Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 1A8 Canada

Sidechain rotamer libraries of the common amino acids of a protein are useful for folded protein structure determination and for generating ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). However much of protein function is modulated beyond the translated sequence through thFiguree introduction of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). In this work we have provided a curated set of side chain rotamers for the most common PTMs derived from the RCSB PDB database, including phosphorylated, methylated, and acetylated sidechains. Our rotamer libraries improve upon existing methods such as SIDEpro and Rosetta in predicting the experimental structures for PTMs in folded proteins. In addition, we showcase our PTM libraries in full use by generating ensembles with the Monte Carlo Side Chain Entropy (MCSCE) for folded proteins, and combining MCSCE with the Local Disordered Region Sampling algorithms within IDPConformerGenerator for proteins with intrinsically disordered regions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Proteins

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Comparison Between Independent Component Analysis and Wiener-Hopf Filter Techniques for Eye Blink Removal

Comparison Between Independent Component Analysis and Wiener...

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Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME)

作者： Sajedah Al-Momani Hasan Al-Nashash Hasan S. Mir Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

ISBN: (数字)9781728123585

ISBN: (纸本)9781728123592

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is useful in the clinical diagnosis of various brain diseases. However, the existence of artifacts corrupting the EEG reduces the ability to do such a proper diagnosis. One of these unwanted signals is the eye blink. Therefore, pre-processing of the EEG is of great importance for proper diagnosis. This work compares between using the Independent component Analysis (ICA) and the Wiener filter techniques for removing eye blink (EB) artifacts from EEG. EEG datasets contaminated with EBs are used for quantifying the performance of the EB rejection methods. Mean squared error (MSE) is calculated and compared between the two methods. The Results show that the Wiener-Hopf filter gives better results in rejecting EBs and producing artifact-free EEG signal.

关键词： Electroencephalography Wiener filters Integrated circuits Electrooculography Biomedical engineering Filtering Electrodes

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