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International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA)

作者： Scott Gigante David van Dijk Kevin R. Moon Alexander Strzalkowski Guy Wolf Smita Krishnaswamy Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Genetics Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Utah State University Logan UT USA Department of Computer Science Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal Montéal QC Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728137414

ISBN: (纸本)9781728137421

Complex high dimensional stochastic dynamic systems arise in many applications in the natural sciences and especially biology. However, while these systems are difficult to describe analytically, "snapshot" measurements that sample the output of the system are often available. In order to model the dynamics of such systems given snapshot data, or local transitions, we present a deep neural network framework we call Dynamics Modeling Network or DyMoN. DyMoN is a neural network framework trained as a deep generative Markov model whose next state is a probability distribution based on the current state. DyMoN is trained using samples of current and next-state pairs, and thus does not require longitudinal measurements. We show the advantage of DyMoN over shallow models such as Kalman filters and hidden Markov models, and other deep models such as recurrent neural networks in its ability to embody the dynamics (which can be studied via perturbation of the neural network) and generate longitudinal hypothetical trajectories. We perform three case studies in which we apply DyMoN to different types of biological systems and extract features of the dynamics in each case by examining the learned model.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Trajectory Neural networks Biological system modeling Data models Markov processes

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bioinformatics Pathway Analysis Pipeline for NGS Transcriptome Profile Data on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期794卷

作者： Digdo Sudigyo Gisti Rahmawati Dicka W. Setiasari Risky H. Poluan Tjeng Wawan Cenggoro Arif Budiarto Alam Ahmad Hidayat Sri R. Indrasari Afiahayati Sofia M. Haryana Bens Pardamean Bioinformatics & Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Study Program of Biotechnology Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281 Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281 Department of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based genomics data have a huge potential to be used in transcriptomic profiling of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) to study the biosynthesis mechanism behind it. The high dimensionality of NGS data is the main challenge in performing the data analysis to extract useful information. In this workflow pipeline, memory-efficient Linux-based software such as HISAT2 and HTSeq are utilized to process the raw NGS data. Furthermore, Differential Expression Gene (DEG) list can be obtained by performing advanced analysis to the aligned Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) sequence using the edgeR protocol. This DEG list is one of the main inputs of biological pathway analysis that can be done in DAVID and PANTHER web-based software. Both tools generate a different pathway result related to inflammation.

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An Evaluation of Deep Neural Network Performance on Limited Protein Phosphorylation Site Prediction Data

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Procedia Computer Science 2019年 157卷 25-30页

作者： Favorisen Rosyking Lumbanraja Bharuno Mahesworo Tjeng Wawan Cenggoro Arif Budiarto Bens Pardamean Department of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Lampung Jalan Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brojonegoro No.17 35145 Bandar Lampung Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

One of the common and important post-translational modification (PTM) types is phosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation is used to regulate various enzyme and receptor activations which include signal pathways. There have been many significant studies conducted to predict phosphorylation sites using various machine learning methods. Recently, several researchers claimed deep learning based methods as the best methods for phosphorylation sited prediction. However, the performance of these methods were backed up with the massive training data used in the researches. In this paper, we study the performance of simple deep neural network on the limited data generally used prior to deep learning employment. The result shows that a deep neural network can still achieve comparable performance in the limited data settings.

关键词： Phosphorylation Site Prediction Protein Phosphorylation Deep Learning Deep Neural Network

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Application of Random Forest in Limited Size Human Long Non-coding RNAs Identification with Secondary Structure Features

Application of Random Forest in Limited Size Human Long Non-...

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International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC)

作者： Songtham Anuntakarun Warin Wattanapornprom Supatcha Lertampaiporn Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Department of Mathematics University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Biochemical Engineering and Systems Biology Research Group National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand

In this work, preliminary experiments of using diverse machine learning algorithms and testing of multiple relevant features to discriminate between human lncRNAs and coding/partial coding sequences was performed. This research limited the size of human lncRNAs such that they are shorter than 1000 nucleotides. Various significant features in describing RNA sequence including sequenced based features, secondary structure features, base-pair features and structural robustness features were used in this study. Then, the top 20 significant features were selected using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and discovered that the secondary structure features are the unique characteristics for identifying the human lncRNAs which are quite difference with those in the groups of shorter and longer types of ncRNAs. Such features are suitable with the rule-based classifiers like Random Forest. According to 10-folding cross validation, the random forest model has shown the highest accuracy, sensitivity and specificity as well as the lowest false positive rate among all competitors. Furthermore, the model was compared with other state-of -the-art approaches such as CPC, CPAT, RNAcon and achieved the highest accuracy of 84.5% among all the participants.

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Multiscale PHATE Exploration of SARS-CoV-2 Data Reveals Multimodal Signatures of Disease

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Kuchroo, Manik Huang, Jessie Wong, Patrick Grenier, Jean-Christophe Shung, Dennis Tong, Alexander Lucas, Carolina Klein, Jon Burkhardt, Daniel B. Gigante, Scott Godavarthi, Abhinav Rieck, Bastian Israelow, Benjamin Simonov, Michael Mao, Tianyang Oh, Ji Eun Silva, Julio Takahashi, Takehiro Odio, Camila D. Casanovas-Massana, Arnau Fournier, John Farhadian, Shelli Dela Cruz, Charles S. Ko, Albert I. Hirn, Matthew J. Wilson, F. Perry Hussin, Julie Wolf, Guy Iwasaki, Akiko Krishnaswamy, Smita Department of Neuroscience Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Immunobiology Yale University New HavenCT United States Montreal Heart Institute MontréalQC Canada Department of Medicine Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Genetics Yale University New HavenCT United States Computational Biology Bioinformatics Program Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Applied Mathematics Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Yale School of Public Health New HavenCT United States Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Department of Medicine Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Department of Mathematics Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator Department of Medicine Yale University New HavenCT United States Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada Mila – Quebec AI institute MontréalQC Canada Department of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal MontréalQC Canada Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy ChaseMD United States

The biomedical community is producing increasingly high dimensional datasets, integrated from hundreds of patient samples, which current computational techniques struggle to explore. To uncover biological meaning from these complex datasets, we present an approach called Multiscale PHATE, which learns abstracted biological features from data that can be directly predictive of disease. Built on a coarse graining process called diffusion condensation, Multiscale PHATE learns a data topology that can be analyzed at coarse levels for high level summarizations of data, as well as at fine levels for detailed representations on subsets. We apply Multiscale PHATE to study the immune response to COVID-19 in 54 million cells from 168 hospitalized patients. Through our analysis of patient samples, we identify CD16hiCD66blo neutrophil and IFNγ+GranzymeB+ Th17 cell responses enriched in patients who die. Furthermore, we show that population groupings Multiscale PHATE discovers can be directly fed into a classifier to predict disease outcome. We also use Multiscale PHATE-derived features to construct two different manifolds of patients, one from abstracted flow cytometry features and another directly on patient clinical features, both associating immune subsets and clinical markers with outcome. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Ten quick tips for deep learning in biology

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lee, Benjamin D. Gitter, Anthony Greene, Casey S. Raschka, Sebastian Maguire, Finlay Titus, Alexander J. Kessler, Michael D. Lee, Alexandra J. Chevrette, Marc G. Stewart, Paul Allen Britto-Borges, Thiago Cofer, Evan M. Yu, Kun-Hsing Carmona, Juan Jose Fertig, Elana J. Kalinin, Alexandr A. Signal, Beth Lengerich, Benjamin J. Triche, Timothy J. Boca, Simina M. In-Q-Tel Labs School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School United States Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI United States Morgridge Institute for Research MadisonWI United States Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO United States Center for Health AI University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO United States Department of Statistics University of Wisconsin Madison United States Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie University Canada University of New Hampshire Bioeconomy.XYZ United States Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University United States Institute for Genome Sciences University of Maryland School of Medicine United States Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania United States Wisconsin Institute for Discovery Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Moffitt Cancer Center TampaFL United States Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology University Hospital Heidelberg Germany University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School United States Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital United States Philips Healthcare CambridgeMA United States Philips Research

Machine learning is a modern approach to problem-solving and task automation. In particular, machine learning is concerned with the development and applications of algorithms that can recognize patterns in data and use them for predictive modeling. Artificial neural networks are a particular class of machine learning algorithms and models that evolved into what is now described as deep learning. Given the computational advances made in the last decade, deep learning can now be applied to massive data sets and in innumerable contexts. Therefore, deep learning has become its own subfield of machine learning. In the context of biological research, it has been increasingly used to derive novel insights from high-dimensional biological data. To make the biological applications of deep learning more accessible to scientists who have some experience with machine learning, we solicited input from a community of researchers with varied biological and deep learning interests. These individuals collaboratively contributed to this manuscript's writing using the GitHub version control platform and the Manubot manuscript generation toolset. The goal was to articulate a practical, accessible, and concise set of guidelines and suggestions to follow when using deep learning. In the course of our discussions, several themes became clear: the importance of understanding and applying machine learning fundamentals as a baseline for utilizing deep learning, the necessity for extensive model comparisons with careful evaluation, and the need for critical thought in interpreting results generated by deep learning, among others. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Interpretable network propagation with application to expanding the repertoire of human proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Law, Jeffrey N. Akers, Kyle Tasnina, Nure Della Santina, Catherine M. Deutsch, Shay Kshirsagar, Meghana Klein-Seetharaman, Judith Crovella, Mark Rajagopalan, Padmavathy Kasif, Simon Murali, T.M. Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Genetics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology BlacksburgVA United States Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA United States Department of Mathematics University of California Los AngelesCA United States AI for Good Lab Microsoft RedmondWA United States Department of Chemistry Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States Department of Computer Science Boston University BostonMA United States Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States

Background: Network propagation has been widely used for nearly 20 years to predict gene functions and phenotypes. Despite the popularity of this approach, little attention has been paid to the question of provenance tracing in this context, e.g., determining how much any experimental observation in the input contributes to the score of every prediction. Results: We design a network propagation framework with two novel components and apply it to predict human proteins that directly or indirectly interact with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. First, we trace the provenance of each prediction to its experimentally validated sources, which in our case are human proteins experimentally determined to interact with viral proteins. Second, we design a technique that helps to reduce the manual adjustment of parameters by users. We find that for every top-ranking prediction, the highest contribution to its score arises from a direct neighbor in a human protein-protein interaction network. We further analyze these results to develop functional insights on SARS-CoV-2 that expand on known biology such as the connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress, HSPA5, and anti-clotting agents. Conclusions: We examine how our provenance tracing method can be generalized to a broad class of network-based algorithms. We provide a useful resource for the SARS-CoV-2 community that implicates many previously undocumented proteins with putative functional relationships to viral infection. This resource includes potential drugs that can be opportunistically repositioned to target these proteins. We also discuss how our overall framework can be extended to other, newly-emerging viruses. © 2020, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： SARS

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Compressed Diffusion

Compressed Diffusion

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International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA)

作者： Scott Gigante Jay S. Stanley Ngan Vu David van Dijk Kevin R. Moon Guy Wolf Smita Krishnaswamy Comp. Bio. & Bioinformatics Program Yale University New Haven CT USA Dept. of Comp. Sci. Yale University New Haven CT USA Dept. of Genetics Yale University New Haven CT USA Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics Utah State University Logan UT USA Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics Université de Montréal Montéal QC Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728137414

ISBN: (纸本)9781728137421

Diffusion maps are a commonly used kernel-based method for manifold learning, which can reveal intrinsic structures in data and embed them in low dimensions. However, as with most kernel methods, its implementation requires a heavy computational load, reaching up to cubic complexity in the number of data points. This limits its usability in modern data analysis. Here, we present a new approach to computing the diffusion geometry, and related embeddings, from a compressed diffusion process between data regions rather than data points. Our construction is based on an adaptation of the previously proposed measure-based Gaussian correlation (MGC) kernel that robustly captures the local geometry around data points. We use this MGC kernel to efficiently compress diffusion relations from pointwise to data region resolution. Finally, a spectral embedding of the data regions provides coordinates that are used to interpolate and approximate the pointwise diffusion map embedding of data. We analyze theoretical connections between our construction and the original diffusion geometry of diffusion maps, and demonstrate the utility of our method in analyzing big datasets, where it outperforms competing approaches.

关键词： Kernel Manifolds Geometry Data analysis Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Coherence Diffusion processes

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Scalable algorithms for learning high-dimensional linear mixed models

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Tan, Zilong Roche, Kimberly Zhou, Xiang Mukherjee, Sayan Department of Computer Science Duke University Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Duke University Department of Biostatistics Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Departments of Statistical Science Mathematics Computer Science Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Duke University

Linear mixed models (LMMs) are used extensively to model dependecies of observations in linear regression and are used extensively in many application areas. Parameter estimation for LMMs can be computationally prohibitive on big data. State-of-the-art learning algorithms require computational complexity which depends at least linearly on the dimension p of the covariates, and often use heuristics that do not offer theoretical guarantees. We present scalable algorithms for learning high-dimensional LMMs with sublinear computational complexity dependence on p. Key to our approach are novel dual estimators which use only kernel functions of the data, and fast computational techniques based on the subsampled randomized Hadamard transform. We provide theoretical guarantees for our learning algorithms, demonstrating the robustness of parameter estimation. Finally, we complement the theory with experiments on large synthetic and real data. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Geometry based data generation 18

Geometry based data generation

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Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Ofir Lindenbaum Jay S. Stanley, III Guy Wolf Smita Krishnaswamy Applied Mathematics Program Yale University New Haven CT Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Program Yale University New Haven CT Departments of Genetics & Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT

We propose a new type of generative model for high-dimensional data that learns a manifold geometry of the data, rather than density, and can generate points evenly along this manifold. This is in contrast to existing generative models that represent data density, and are strongly affected by noise and other artifacts of data collection. We demonstrate how this approach corrects sampling biases and artifacts, thus improves several downstream data analysis tasks, such as clustering and classification. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach is especially useful in biology where, despite the advent of single-cell technologies, rare subpopulations and gene-interaction relationships are affected by biased sampling. We show that SUGAR can generate hypothetical populations, and it is able to reveal intrinsic patterns and mutual-information relationships between genes on a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of hematopoiesis.

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