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Atrophy of the cholinergic regions advances from early to late mild cognitive impairment

Neuroradiology 2024年第4期66卷 543-556页

作者： Lai, Ying-Liang Larry Hsu, Fei-Ting Yeh, Shu-Yi Kuo, Yu-Tzu Lin, Hui-Hsien Lin, Yi-Chun Kuo, Li-Wei Chen, Cheng-Yu Liu, Hua-Shan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan CT/MR Division Rotary Trading CO. LTD Taipei Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Institute of Medical Device and Imaging National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Taipei Medical University Hospital Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Purpose: We investigated the volumetric changes in the components of the cholinergic pathway for patients with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and those with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI). The effect of patients’ apolipoprotein 4 (APOE-ε4) allele status on the structural changes were analyzed. Methods: Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. Patients’ demographic information, plasma data, and validated global cognitive composite scores were included. Relevant features were extracted for constructing machine learning models to differentiate between EMCI (n = 312) and LMCI (n = 541) and predict patients’ neurocognitive function. The data were analyzed primarily through one-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of covariance. Results: Considerable differences were observed in cholinergic structural changes between patients with EMCI and LMCI. Cholinergic atrophy was more prominent in the LMCI cohort than in the EMCI cohort (P < 0.05 family-wise error corrected). APOE-ε4 differentially affected cholinergic atrophy in the LMCI and EMCI cohorts. For LMCI cohort, APOE-ε4 carriers exhibited increased brain atrophy (left amygdala: P = 0.001;right amygdala: P = 0.006, and right Ch123, P = 0.032). EMCI and LCMI patients showed distinctive associations of gray matter volumes in cholinergic regions with executive (R² = 0.063 and 0.030 for EMCI and LMCI, respectively) and language (R² = 0.095 and 0.042 for EMCI and LMCI, respectively) function. Conclusions: Our data confirmed significant cholinergic atrophy differences between early and late stages of mild cognitive impairment. The impact of the APOE-ε4 allele on cholinergic atrophy varied between the LMCI and EMCI groups. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： APOE-ε4 allele cholinergic pathway Early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) nucleus basalis of Meynert

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Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for High-Resolution Imaging of Sponge Spicule Cross-Sections

Comparison of Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for Hig...

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Symposium on Natural Fibers and Biocomposites: A Sustainable Solution, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Tavangarian, Fariborz Fani, Niloofar Monfared, Armaghan Hashemi Sadeghzade, Sorour Mechanical Engineering Program School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg MiddletownPA17057 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University State College University ParkPA16802 United States School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031811890

This study comprehensively investigates the effectiveness of three advanced sample preparation techniques—ion milling, laser cuttingLaser-based techniques, and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling—for high-resolution imaging of Euplectella aspergillum sponge fibers called spicules. Primarily composed of silica layers with nanometer-scale organic interlayers, spicules possess complex hierarchical structures which are critical for their mechanical propertiesMechanical property. Accurate characterizationCharacterization of these structures requires advanced sample preparation to prevent artefacts and preserve structural integrity. Ion milling introduced significant surface degradation and uneven material removal in spicules. Despite its precision, laser cutting caused thermal damage and induced micro-cracks, compromising the microstructural integrity. In contrast, FIB milling provided superior results, producing smooth, artefact-free cross-sections with minimal thermal and mechanical stress. The real-time imaging capability of FIB milling further ensured optimal sample preparation, making it the most suitable technique for delicate biological materials like spicules. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the preparation of biological samples for further research and analysis. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Optimized photonic integrated circuit components for optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm

Optimized photonic integrated circuit components for optical...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Hao, Senyue Adkins, Aaron J. Zhang, Yitian Zhou, Chao Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering Washington University Saint Louis United States Imaging Science PhD Program Washington University Saint Louis United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University Saint Louis United States

To implement optical coherence tomography on photonic chips, we developed optimized and experimentally validated silicon nitride-based components for photonic integrated circuits in order to achieve high sensitivity a... 详细信息

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Tuberculosis Classification with Water Strider Optimization Algorithm

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Computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第8期46卷 1337-1353页

作者： José Escorcia-Gutierrez Roosvel Soto-Diaz Natasha Madera Carlos Soto Francisco Burgos-Florez Alexander Rodríguez Romany F.Mansour Department of Computational Science and Electronic Universidad de la CostaCUCBarranquilla080002Colombia Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Simón BolívarBarranquilla080002Colombia Mechatronics Engineering Program Universidad Simón BolívarBarranquilla080002Colombia Department of Medicine Universidad del NorteBarranquilla081007Colombia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharga72511Egypt

Computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)models exploit artificial intelligence(AI)for chest X-ray(CXR)examination to identify the presence of tuberculosis(TB)and can improve the feasibility and performance of CXR for TB screening and *** the same time,CXR interpretation is a time-consuming and subjective ***,high resemblance among the radiological patterns of TB and other lung diseases can result in ***,computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)models using machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)can be designed for screening TB *** this motivation,this article develops a Water Strider Optimization with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Tuberculosis Classification(WSODTL-TBC)model on Chest X-rays(CXR).The presented WSODTL-TBC model aims to detect and classify TB on CXR ***,the WSODTL-TBC model undergoes image filtering techniques to discard the noise content and U-Net-based image ***,a pre-trained residual network with a two-dimensional convolutional neural network(2D-CNN)model is applied to extract feature *** addition,the WSO algorithm with long short-term memory(LSTM)model was employed for identifying and classifying TB,where the WSO algorithm is applied as a hyperparameter optimizer of the LSTM methodology,showing the novelty of the *** performance validation of the presented WSODTL-TBC model is carried out on the benchmark dataset,and the outcomes were investigated in many *** experimental development pointed out the betterment of the WSODTL-TBC model over existing algorithms.

关键词： Computer-aided diagnosis water strider optimization deep learning chest x-rays transfer learning

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Optimized photonic integrated circuit components for optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm

Optimized photonic integrated circuit components for optical...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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PGLYRP1 protein as a novel mediator of cellular dialogue in neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1993-1994页

作者： Anup Bhusal Won-Ha Lee Kyoungho Suk Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program Department of Biomedical ScienceSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea School of Life Sciences BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Brain Science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea

Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.

关键词： inflammation considerably

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Fabricating 3-dimensional human brown adipose microtissues for transplantation studies

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 518-534页

作者： Ou Wang Li Han Haishuang Lin Mingmei Tian Shuyang Zhang Bin Duan Soonkyu Chung Chi Zhang Xiaojun Lian Yong Wang Yuguo Lei Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Biomedical Engineering Program University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityPAUSA China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co. Ltd.BeijingChina Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Mary&Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Department of Nutrition University of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA School of Biological Science University of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State UniversityPAUSA

Transplanting cell cultured brown adipocytes(BAs)represents a promising approach to prevent and treat obesity(OB)and its associated metabolic disorders,including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,transplanted BAs have a very low survival rate in *** enzymatic dissociation during the harvest of fully differentiated BAs also loses significant *** is a critical need for novel methods that can avoid cell death during cell preparation,transplantation,and in ***,we reported that preparing BAs as injectable microtissues could overcome the *** found that 3D culture promoted BA differentiation and UCP-1 expression,and the optimal initial cell aggregate size was 100μ*** microtissues could be produced at large scales via 3D suspension assisted with a PEG hydrogel and could be *** microtissues could survive in vivo for long *** alleviated body weight and fat gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced OB and T2DM *** microtissues impacted multiple organs,secreted protein factors,and influenced the secretion of endogenous *** our best knowledge,this is the first report on fabricating human BA microtissues and showing their safety and efficacy in T2DM *** proposal of transplanting fabricated BA microtissues,the microtissue fabrication method,and the demonstration of efficacy in T2DM mice are all *** results show that engineered 3D human BA microtissues have considerable advantages in product scalability,storage,purity,safety,dosage,survival,and efficacy.

关键词： Brown adipocyte Microtissue Transplantation Obesity Type 2 diabetes

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Assembly of exfoliated α-zirconium phosphate nanosheets:Mechanisms and versatile applications

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Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 41-60页

作者： Hao Ding Abbas Ahmed Kuangyu Shen Luyi Sun Polymer Program Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA

α-Zirconium phosphate(Zr(HPO_(4))_(2)⋅H_(2)O,α-ZrP)is an inorganic layered *** the first report of crystallineα-ZrP in 1964,thanks to its simple synthesis and unique physiochemical properties,α-ZrP has found widespread application in many fields including mechanical reinforcing,barrier improvement,flame retardancy,anticorrosion,catalysis,environment,energy,and *** of the ease of exfoliation ofα-ZrP to obtain single-layer nanosheets,as well as its rich surface chemistry thanks to the high density of orderly arranged surface acidic hydroxyl groups,α-ZrP single-layer nanosheets are ideal building blocks for self-assembly or assembly with other *** assembly ofα-ZrP nanosheets could form a randomly dispersed structure(isotropic),roughly ordered structure(nematic),or highly ordered structure(smectic)within liquid colloids or solid hybrids(including hydrogels).Thanks to the combination of the unique structures and the novel functions of the components,the assembled materials have found a wide verity of applications due to their excellent *** this article,the methods to synthesizeα-ZrP,the approaches and mechanisms to exfoliateα-ZrP,and the strategies to assembleα-ZrP nanosheets to form various structures,as well as the applications of the assembled materials are *** emerging prospects ofα-ZrP nanosheets as a key material in next-generation functional applications are envisioned.

关键词： application assembly exfoliation nanosheets α-zirconium phosphate

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Overcoming the Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier with Docetaxel-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Treatment of Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第17期16卷 21722-21735页

作者： Hsu, Tsung-I Chen, Yi-Ping Zhang, Rong-Lin Chen, Zih-An Wu, Cheng-Hsun Chang, Wen-Chang Mou, Chung-Yuan Chan, Hardy Wai-Hong Wu, Si-Han Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei110 Taiwan International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Nano Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc. Taipei110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

While temozolomide (TMZ) has been a cornerstone in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), a significant challenge has been the emergence of resistance to TMZ, which compromises its clinical benefits. Additionally, the nonspecificity of TMZ can lead to detrimental side effects. Although TMZ is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), our research addresses the need for targeted therapy to circumvent resistance mechanisms and reduce off-target effects. This study introduces the use of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with octyl group modifications (C8-MSN) as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of docetaxel (DTX), providing a novel approach for treating TMZ-resistant GBM. Our findings reveal that C8-MSN is biocompatible in vitro, and DTX@C8-MSN shows no hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations, maintaining efficacy against GBM cells. Crucially, in vivo imaging demonstrates preferential accumulation of C8-MSN within the tumor region, suggesting enhanced permeability across the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). When administered to orthotopic glioma mouse models, DTX@C8-MSN notably prolongs survival by over 50%, significantly reduces tumor volume, and decreases side effects compared to free DTX, indicating a targeted and effective approach to treatment. The apoptotic pathways activated by DTX@C8-MSN, evidenced by the increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, point to a potent therapeutic mechanism. Collectively, the results advocate DTX@C8-MSN as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in TMZ-resistant GBM, optimizing drug delivery and bioavailability to overcome current therapeutic limitations. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Tumors

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Optimal Synergic Deep Learning for COVID-19 Classification Using Chest X-Ray Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5255-5270页

作者： JoséEscorcia-Gutierrez Margarita Gamarra Roosvel Soto-Diaz Safa Alsafari Ayman Yafoz Romany F.Mansour Departament of Computational Science and Electronic Universidad de la CostaCUCBarranquilla080002Colombia Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Simón BolívarBarranquilla080002Colombia Department of Computer Science and AI Faculty of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharga72511Egypt

A chest radiology scan can significantly aid the early diagnosis and management of COVID-19 since the virus attacks the *** X-ray(CXR)gained much interest after the COVID-19 outbreak thanks to its rapid imaging time,widespread availability,low cost,and *** radiological investigations,computer-aided diagnostic tools are implemented to reduce intra-and inter-observer *** lately industrialized Artificial Intelligence(AI)algorithms and radiological techniques to diagnose and classify disease is *** current study develops an automatic identification and classification model for CXR pictures using Gaussian Fil-tering based Optimized Synergic Deep Learning using Remora Optimization Algorithm(GF-OSDL-ROA).This method is inclusive of preprocessing and classification based on *** data is preprocessed using Gaussian filtering(GF)to remove any extraneous noise from the image’s ***,the OSDL model is applied to classify the CXRs under different severity levels based on CXR *** learning rate of OSDL is optimized with the help of ROA for COVID-19 diagnosis showing the novelty of the *** model,applied in this study,was validated using the COVID-19 *** experiments were conducted upon the proposed OSDL model,which achieved a classification accuracy of 99.83%,while the current Convolutional Neural Network achieved less classification accuracy,i.e.,98.14%.

关键词： Artificial intelligence chest X-ray COVID-19 optimized synergic deep learning preprocessing public health

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