In conversation with each other, bilinguals sometimes code-switch between their shared languages. While psycholinguistic research often highlights the challenges of processing code-switches compared to single-language...
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Six dimensions that are relevant to the knowledge of common activities are introduced and quantified. Component actions (12) in each of 30 activities were chosen. Two of the dimensions examined were the familiarity an...
Six dimensions that are relevant to the knowledge of common activities are introduced and quantified. Component actions (12) in each of 30 activities were chosen. Two of the dimensions examined were the familiarity and frequency of performance of the activities themselves. The other 4 dimensions, sequence, centrality, distinctiveness and standardness, are characteristics of the actions within the activities. There was high agreement among subjects on the norms for each dimension. Correlational analyses demonstrate the possibility of choosing actions in such a way as to compare different levels of the dimensions as factors in controlled experiments. The importance of considering these dimensions in interpretations of script or schema experiments is stressed.
This study compares two diphthongs ([ea], [oa]) and two glide-vowel sequences ([ja], [wa]) in Romanian. The diphthongs and the sequences are auditorily very similar, but they differ in their phonological patterning. A...
This mini-review examines functional connectivity in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) among opioid users. The goal is to summarize existing research data and clarify the implications of al...
This mini-review examines functional connectivity in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) among opioid users. The goal is to summarize existing research data and clarify the implications of altered brain connectivity in this population. The first part of the review addresses the critical question of how opioid addiction influences the functional connectivity of key brain networks, such as the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN). It examines the neurological basis of opioid addiction, the principles of rs-fMRI, different methodologies employed in this type of research, and inconsistencies and methodological challenges that complicate the interpretation of findings. The second part of the article presents findings derived from our ongoing research in the field. We tested 42 participants of whom 23 healthy controls and 19 patients with opioid use disorder. Each participant underwent an MRI scanning procedure comprised of structural, resting-state and task sequences. The neuroimaging data was processed using the CONN Toolbox running on MATLAB. Our preliminary rs-fMRI findings reveal significant disruptions in functional connectivity in individuals with opioid addiction within DMN and SN networks involved in cognitive functions such as decision-making and impulse control. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of standardizing research practices, conducting longitudinal randomized studies, and developing a more holistic approach to understanding the effects of heroin addiction. These efforts would contribute to the development of personalized and effective intervention strategies.
The development of cognitive capacities depends on environmental conditions, including various forms of scaffolding. As a result, the evolution of cognition depends on the evolution of activities that provide scaffold...
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It has been proposed that language evolves under the joint constraints of communicative expressivity and cognitive ease. We explore this idea in the historical emergence of word forms. We hypothesize that new word for...
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Around 540 million years ago there was a sudden, dramatic adaptive radiation known as the Cambrian Explosion. This event marked the origin of almost all of the phyla (major lineages characterized by fundamental b...
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Incremental learning explanations state that semantic interference is driven by activation levels of competitors. To explore nonsemantic contributions to interference, we examined the combined and separate effects of ...
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