检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

44th Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: cognitive Diversity, CogSci 2022

作者： Ramezani, Aida Stellar, Jennifer E. Feinberg, Matthew Xu, Yang Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Department of Psychology University of Toronto Canada Rotman School of Management University of Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science Cognitive Science Program University of Toronto Canada

Although language is critical to supporting morality within society, it is not clear how moral language itself evolved. We investigate the evolution of moral semantics, hypothesizing that words evolved to take on moral meanings from concrete experiences through metaphorization. We test this hypothesis by analyzing moral semantic change in words from the Moral Foundations Dictionary and the Historical Thesaurus of English over the past hundreds of years. In contrast with the observation that words become concrete over time, we demonstrate that moral words in the English lexicon undergo concrete-to-abstract shifts, reflecting systematic metaphorical mappings to the moral domain. Our results provide large-scale evidence for the role of metaphor in the historical development of the English moral lexicon. © 2022 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

关键词： Semantics

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Empirically-based Multibody Dynamics for Modeling the Human Body Musculoskeletal System

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Ehsani, Hossein Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland Kinesiology Department University of Maryland United States

This study introduces a novel approach for deriving the governing equations of the musculoskeletal system in the human body. The proposed formalism offers a framework to effectively incorporate the kinematic characteristics of biological joints and the complexities of kinematic chains into the differential equations of motion. This approach, known as "Empirically-based multibody dynamics," relies on experimental data pertaining to the skeletal system. To establish the formulations, a novel calculus of matrix-valued functions is employed. In contrast to alternative methods that utilize Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs), the current approach provides the governing equations of the musculoskeletal system in the form of ordinary differential equations, simplifying the computational process. This formalism shall be employed to simulate a generic constrained multibody system with holonomic constraints. The proposed formalism is applied to simulate various conventional multibody systems, including the four-bar linkage, five-bar linkage, and Andrew's squeezer mechanism. Additionally, the human shoulder mechanism is simulated, incorporating empirically-derived constraints to capture the shoulder rhythm. Furthermore, a novel method for deriving a closed-form formula for the moment arm matrix of a general musculotendon model is presented in this work. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Musculoskeletal system

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Top-Down Effects on Anthropomorphism of a Robot 43

Top-Down Effects on Anthropomorphism of a Robot

引用

43rd Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci 2021

作者： Scherer, Hailey Phillips, Jonathan Program in Cognitive Science 002 Carpenter Hall HanoverNH03755 United States

Anthropomorphism, or the attribution of human mental states and characteristics to non-human entities, has been widely demonstrated to be cued automatically by certain bottom-up appearance and behavior features in machines. The potential for top-down effects to influence anthropomorphism remains underexplored—even as most people’s exposure to robots prominently features linguistic descriptions, e.g. in common discourse, public media, and product advertising. The results of this online experiment suggest that top-down linguistic cues, including personal pronouns and verbs that imply or reference humanlike mental states, increase anthropomorphism of a robot—and that these top-down cues may be as important of an influence as bottom-up cues. Moreover, these results suggest that this increased anthropomorphism is associated with increased unwarranted expectations of the robot’s capabilities and increased moral regard for the robot. As robots and other machines become more integrated into human society, it is more important to understand the extent to which top-down influences matter for our thought, talk, and treatment of robots. © cognitive science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci *** rights reserved.

关键词： Human robot interaction

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chaining and the formation of spatial semantic categories in childhood 43

Chaining and the formation of spatial semantic categories in...

引用

43rd Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci 2021

作者： Xu, Aotao Xu, Yang Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science Cognitive Science Program University of Toronto Canada

Children face the problem of extending a limited spatial lexicon to potentially infinite spatial situations. Previous work has examined how spatial semantic categories may be formed in child development, but it is unclear how children extend these categories to novel situations over the developmental time course. Drawing on cognitive linguistic theories of category extension, we present a framework that models the incremental extension of spatial relational words to novel situations through time. We describe a longitudinal dataset and computational analyses for investigating the extension of spatial word meanings in a developmental setting. Our preliminary results suggest that the formation of spatial categories takes place through an exemplar-based process of chaining, similar to the process underlying the growth of linguistic categories in history. Our work offers opportunities to explore the connection between ontogeny and phylogeny in the process of word meaning extension. © cognitive science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci *** rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Linking In-context Learning in Transformers to Human Episodic Memory 38

Linking In-context Learning in Transformers to Human Episodi...

引用

38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Ji-An, Li Zhou, Corey Y. Benna, Marcus K. Mattar, Marcelo G. Neurosciences Graduate Program University of California San Diego United States Department of Cognitive Science University of California San Diego United States Department of Neurobiology University of California San Diego United States Department of Psychology New York University United States

Understanding connections between artificial and biological intelligent systems can reveal fundamental principles of general intelligence. While many artificial intelligence models have a neuroscience counterpart, such connections are largely missing in Transformer models and the self-attention mechanism. Here, we examine the relationship between interacting attention heads and human episodic memory. We focus on induction heads, which contribute to in-context learning in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs). We demonstrate that induction heads are behaviorally, functionally, and mechanistically similar to the contextual maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model of human episodic memory. Our analyses of LLMs pre-trained on extensive text data show that CMR-like heads often emerge in the intermediate and late layers, qualitatively mirroring human memory biases. The ablation of CMR-like heads suggests their causal role in in-context learning. Our findings uncover a parallel between the computational mechanisms of LLMs and human memory, offering valuable insights into both research fields. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neurocognitive assessment under various human-robot teaming environments 46

Neurocognitive assessment under various human-robot teaming ...

引用

46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Packy, Anna L. Jayahankar, Jayesh Teymourlouei, Arya Stone, Joshua Oh, Hyuk Katz, Garrett E. Reggia, James A. Gentili, Rodolphe J. University of Maryland Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Computer Science College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Kinesiology College Park United States Syracuse University Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Syracuse United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Human-robot teaming has become increasingly important with the advent of intelligent machines. Prior efforts suggest that performance, mental workload, and trust are critical elements of human-robot dynamics that can be altered by the robot's behavior. Most prior human-robot teaming studies used behavioral analyses, but a limited number used neural markers, without the use of physical robots and complex tasks. Here we combine behavioral and EEG cortical dynamics to examine cognitive-motor processes when individuals complete a complex task under various team environments with a robot. The results revealed that altering the robot quality affected both behavioral and EEG dynamics. Task completion with an experienced robot led to greater team performance and human trust along with lower mental workload compared to an inexperienced teammate or when individuals performed alone. EEG changes suggest that different attentional processes were engaged when humans worked with the robot and performed alone, and that visual processing was more prominent when teaming with an inexperienced teammate. This work can inform human cognitive-motor processes and the design of robotic controllers in human-robot teams. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Man machine systems

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Counterintuitive Interpretations Learned from Putatively Intuitive Simulations 44

The Counterintuitive Interpretations Learned from Putatively...

引用

44th Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: cognitive Diversity, CogSci 2022

作者： Gok, Sebahat Goldstone, Robert L. Program in Cognitive Science Department of Instructional Systems Technology Indiana University 1101 E. 10th Street BloomingtonIN47405 United States

Reasoning about sampling distributions is notably challenging for humans. It has been argued that the complexity involved in sampling processes can be facilitated by interactive computer simulations that allow learners to experiment with variables. In the current study, we compared the effects of learning sampling distributions through a simulation-based learning (SBL) versus direct instruction (DI) method. While both conditions resulted in similar improvement in rule learning and graph identification, neither condition improved more distant transfer of concepts. Furthermore, the simulation-based learning method resulted in unintuitive and surprising kinds of misconceptions about how sample size affects estimation of parameters while the direct instruction group used correct intuitive judgments more often. We argue that similar perceptual properties of different sampling processes in the SBL condition overrode learners' intuitions and led them to make conceptual confusions that they would not typically make. We conclude that conceptually important differences should be grounded in easily interpretable and distinguishable perceptual representations in simulation-based learning methods. © 2022 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

关键词： Learning systems

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Word formation supports efficient communication: The case of compounds 44

Word formation supports efficient communication: The case of...

引用

44th Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: cognitive Diversity, CogSci 2022

作者： Xu, Aotao Kemp, Charles Frermann, Lea Xu, Yang Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Australia School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Australia Cognitive Science Program University of Toronto Canada

Compounding is a common type of word formation extensively studied in linguistics and cognitive psychology. A growing line of research suggests that the lexicon supports efficient communication by balancing informativeness and simplicity. We propose that the formation of novel compounds reflects a similar tradeoff between informativeness and word length. We formalize this hypothesis in information-theoretic terms and develop a computational procedure to evaluate our hypothesis on English noun compounds that emerged over the past century. We find that attested compounds achieve more efficient tradeoffs between informativeness and word length than do alternative word forms. Our work demonstrates how word formation and compositionality can be connected with information-theoretic approaches to the design of the lexicon. © 2022 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

关键词： Information theory

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

No relationship between proprioception and interoception in university athletes and non-athletes

引用

BIOS 2023年第2期94卷 94-101页

作者： Kiera Borthwick Ryan Brindle Neuroscience Program Washington and Lee University Lexington VA 24450 Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science Washington and Lee University Lexington VA 24450

Proprioception and interoception are two complex physiological functions believed to be dependent on a variety of factors. The present study examined the relationship between proprioception and interoception in a sample of undergraduate students to determine whether varsity athlete status moderated the relationship, as physical activity levels have been hypothesized to influence both proprioception and interoception. Participants (n = 24) completed two tasks: a heartbeat discrimination test of interoceptive accuracy and a joint position matching test of proprioceptive accuracy at the elbow joint. Participants completed a questionnaire to determine their status as a varsity athlete at the university and the amount of time they dedicated every week to physical activity. The relationship between proprioceptive and interoceptive accuracy scores was analyzed across the entire sample and compared across athletes and non-athletes. Despite differences in physical activity between athletes and non-athletes (p = 0.04, d = 0.87), results revealed no significant relationships between proprioceptive accuracy and interoceptive accuracy in the entire sample (r(22) = 0.16, p = 0.47), in athletes (r(9) = -0.31, p = 0.36), or in non-athletes (r(11) = 0.53, p = 0.06). Also, this relationship did not significantly differ between athletes and non-athletes (q = 0.91, p = 0.06), despite a large effect size. Overall, there were no significant relationships between athlete status, proprioceptive accuracy, and interoceptive accuracy.

关键词： interoceptive sensitivity proprioceptive sensitivity

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Representations of emotion concepts: Comparison across pairwise, appraisal feature-based, and word embedding-based similarity spaces 44

Representations of emotion concepts: Comparison across pairw...

引用

44th Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: cognitive Diversity, CogSci 2022

作者： Kwon, Mijin Wager, Tor D. Phillips, Jonathan Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Dartmouth College United States Program in Cognitive Science Dartmouth College United States Department of Philosophy Dartmouth College United States

A question that has long interested cognitive scientists is how to best represent the different emotions we experience and attribute to others. For example, constructionist and appraisal theories propose that differences between emotions can be captured in part by their variation along a set of appraisal dimensions. More recently, researchers have used language models to capture the differences across different emotion terms. Both approaches allow us to represent emotions as occupying different locations in high-dimensional representational spaces. To ask how well these different approaches capture the similarity between emotion concepts, we collected pairwise similarity and appraisal feature ratings for 58 different emotion concepts and then employed representational similarity analysis to investigate the overlap between people's pairwise similarity judgments and emotion similarity in a 14-dimensional appraisal space and three word embedding spaces from two word2vec models (300 dimensions) and the newer GPT-3 model (12288 dimensions). The results indicate that while there is a high correlation between appraisal feature-based similarity and pairwise similarity judgments, word embedding-based similarity exhibits lower correlations, though GPT-3 showed much better performance than the word2vec models. Finally, characterizing the errors made by word embedding models showed that they can be largely attributed to an over-reliance on the valence of emotion concepts. © 2022 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

关键词： Embeddings

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：