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Probabilistic genotype-phenotype maps reveal mutational robustness of RNA folding, spin glasses, and quantum circuits

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 013118-013118页

作者： Anna Sappington Vaibhav Mohanty Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA

Recent studies of genotype-phenotype maps have reported universally enhanced phenotypic robustness to genotype mutations, a feature essential to evolution. Virtually all of these studies make a simplifying assumption that each genotype—represented as a sequence—maps deterministically to a single phenotype, such as a discrete structure. Here we introduce probabilistic genotype-phenotype (PrGP) maps, where each genotype maps to a vector of phenotype probabilities, as a more realistic and universal language for investigating robustness in a variety of physical, biological, and computational systems. We study three model systems to show that PrGP maps offer a generalized framework which can handle uncertainty emerging from various physical sources: (1) thermal fluctuation in RNA folding, (2) external field disorder in the spin-glass ground state search problem, and (3) superposition and entanglement in quantum circuits, which are realized experimentally on IBM quantum computers. In all three cases, we observe a biphasic robustness scaling which is enhanced relative to random expectation for more frequent phenotypes and approaches random expectation for less frequent phenotypes. We derive an analytical theory for the behavior of PrGP robustness, and we demonstrate that the theory is highly predictive of empirical robustness.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Mapping Research Trends and Visualization of E-learning in Entrepreneurship in the Last Ten Years 1

Mapping Research Trends and Visualization of E-learning in E...

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1st International Conference on Electrical and Information technology, IEIT 2021

作者： Maulana, Fairuz Iqbal Candra Pratama, Febby Permana, Frihandhika Khaeruddin Herasmara, Ridho School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program Bina Nusantara University Entrepreneurship Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Diploma III Electronic Technology Vocational Study Program University of Muhammadiyah Malang Malang Indonesia Electrical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Raden Rahmat Islamic University Malang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665417860

E-learning is a system or concept of education or learning process that utilizes information technology in the teaching and learning process anywhere and anytime. E-learning is widely applied in various fields of science. In this study, we draw scientific efforts on e-learning and entrepreneurship from publications in the Scopus database. We reviewed 218 academic documents published over the last 10 years, from 2011 to 2020. Our method is a global bibliometric analysis by visualizing connected networks using Vosviewer. The method used consists of five stages: determining search keywords, initial search results, refinement of search results, initial compilation, and data analysis. We researched several countries, affiliations, authors, subject areas, to types of publications that have relations in this field. Among the most published and indexed articles by Scopus, papers published by researchers in the China have the highest number of publications is 36 academic documents, followed by United States 18 academic publications, and Italy with 16 academic publications. The results showed that it had a limited impact, and through visualization, the network presented research gaps that future researchers should fill. The processed data shows the pattern and trend of increasing the number of international publications on E-learning in the field of entrepreneurship indexed by Scopus. Finally, we address the limitations of this study. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Visualization

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FDAM: Filter-Dedicated Approximate Multiplier Design for Real-Time CNN Acceleration

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年

作者： Nguyen, Kihwan Kim Xuan Truong Jeon, Dongsuk Lee, Hyuk-Jae Korea Republic of program Department of Electrical Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Research Institute for Convergence Science Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Video super-resolution (VSR) is widely used in various high-definition applications, such as HDTVs and smartphones, requiring a dedicated upscaling technique for realtime full-HD generation. To reduce on-chip buffers for largesize output feature maps, a streaming VSR accelerator may employ an output stationary dataflow, leading to a large energy consumption caused by frequent filter switching. To mitigate this, we introduce a new filter-dedicated multiplier design for realtime VSR acceleration. We replace costly multipliers with adders, shifters, and multiplexers (MUXes), referred to as unified multiple constant multiplications (UMCM). The conventional UMCM, however, may incur considerable area/power overhead due to the unified topology constraint among different filter sets. To address this problem, we propose a new approximated MCM (AMCM) problem to relax the constraint and an approximate compatible graph synthesis (A-CGS) framework to efficiently solve AMCM by jointly searching for approximated filters and constructing a unified graph. Additionally, we suggest a lightweight finetuning method by freezing approximated filters and only finetuning biases, which can recover the original model’s accuracy within a few epochs. Experimental results with synthetic data demonstrate that AMCM reduces the area by up to 49.8%, 44.8%, and 40.3% when considering constant sets of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. Our designs with SR application achieve up to a 73.3% reduction in energy consumption. Experiments with the Set5 and Set14 datasets show that our model with bias correction achieves similar restoration performance compared to the eightbit models. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acceleration

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An Analysis Air Traffic Prediction During a Pandemic

An Analysis Air Traffic Prediction During a Pandemic

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International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS)

作者： Darmeli Nasution Herman Mawengkang Fahmi Muhammad Zarlis Departmen Of Computer Science and Information Technology Doctoral Program Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Departmen Of Math and Science Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Departmen Of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Departmen Of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453967

Air transportation during the covid-19 pandemic experienced a very drastic decline. The decrease in the number of passengers was caused by national and international restrictions. The troublesome administration makes passengers discouraged from traveling using Air transportation. Based on the National Statistics Agency, air transportation experienced a decline from early 2020 to 2021. This study focuses on air traffic predictions, namely the number of aircraft passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic at Indonesia's main airports, namely Kuala Namu, Sukarno Hatta, and Juanda airports., Ngurah Rai and Hasanuddin. The method used to predict the number of airplane passengers during a pandemic is the backpropagation algorithm using the Fletcher Reeves method.

关键词： COVID-19 Analytical models Airplanes Pandemics Atmospheric modeling Backpropagation algorithms Predictive models

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On using Euler's Factorization Algorithm to Factor RSA Modulus 4

On using Euler's Factorization Algorithm to Factor RSA Modul...

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4th International Conference on Computing and Applied Informatics 2019, ICCAI 2019

作者： Budiman, M.A. Zarlis, M. Sitompul, O.S. Mawengkang, H. Graduate Program of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia

The RSA public key cryptosystem was among the first algorithms to implement the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol. At the core of RSA's security is the problem of factoring its modulus, a very large integer, into its prime factors. In this study, we show a step-by-step tutorial on how to factor the RSA modulus using Euler's factorization algorithm, an algorithm that belongs to the class of exact algorithms. The Euler's factorization algorithm is implemented in Python programming language. In this experiment, we also record the relation between the length of the RSA moduli and its factorization time. As a result, this study shows that the Euler's factorization algorithm can be used to factor small modulus of RSA, the correlation between the factoring time and the size of RSA modulus is directly proportional, and better selection of some Euler's parameters may lead to lower factoring time. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Factorization

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Efficient Automatic External Defibrillator Using the Slope of Hilbert Transformed ECG Signals

Efficient Automatic External Defibrillator Using the Slope o...

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Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC), International Japan-Africa Conference on

作者： Samir A. Elsagheer Mohammed S. Sayed Mohsen A. Hassan Computer Science and Information Technology Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Facurlty of Engineering Aswan Universty Aswan Egypt Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Materials science and engineering program IDE Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a life-threatening condition that demands immediate intervention. The key to survival often lies in the timely and precise analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to determine the necessity of a shock from an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED). In this paper, we address the critical need for improved accuracy in AED decision-making by presenting a novel approach that leverages the Hilbert Transform to calculate the slope of ECG signals by harnessing the analytical power of Hilbert Transformed ECG signals. By scrutinizing the heart's electrical activity through this method, we aim to enhance the AED's ability to differentiate between cases of ventricular fibrillation and other non-shockable rhythms, ultimately leading to more efficient and effective treatment. Our research explores two distinct approaches for signal analysis and correlates their findings to achieve higher precision in defibrillation decisions. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we employ a diverse and publicly available dataset containing various heart conditions, allowing us to demonstrate the robustness of our method across a wide spectrum of cases. This study represents a significant advancement in the field of automatic external defibrillation, with the potential to save countless lives through more accurate and timely interventions.

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Bayesian Parameter Inference for Partially Observed SDEs driven by Fractional Brownian Motion

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maama, Mohamed Jasra, Ajay Ombao, Hernando Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Statistics Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

In this paper we consider Bayesian parameter inference for partially observed fractional Brownian motion (fBM) models. The approach we follow is to time-discretize the hidden process and then to design Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to sample from the posterior density on the parameters given data. We rely on a novel representation of the time discretization, which seeks to sample from an approximation of the posterior and then corrects via importance sampling;the approximation reduces the time (in terms of total observation time T) by O(T). This method is extended by using a multilevel MCMC method which can reduce the computational cost to achieve a given mean square error (MSE) versus using a single time discretization. Our methods are illustrated on simulated and real data. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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A Game-Theoretic Approach for Pricing and Determining Quality Levels of Cybersecurity Products Under an Exogenous Information-Sharing program 19th

A Game-Theoretic Approach for Pricing and Determining Qualit...

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19th International Conference on the Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, GECON 2022

作者： Rasti-Barzoki, Morteza Altmann, Jörn Egger, Bernhard Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156-83111 Iran Institute of Engineering Research College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Technology Management Economics and Policy Program College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031293146

Price and quality level of products are two important decisions of any business. This paper provides equilibrium solutions for these decisions of two players for a cybersecurity ecosystem, including a solution provider and an information provider. We assume that end users join a cybersecurity ecosystem based on the prices and qualities of the solution provider’s and information provider’s products;so that, the increasing of the prices or/and decreasing the qualities will reduce the number of end-users of that ecosystem. Also, it is assumed that there is an exogenous information-sharing program under which the effect of quality of the information provider’s product on the cybersecurity level depends on the level of information-sharing. Under this information-sharing program, the equilibrium solutions of prices and qualities of these two players are given. Also, some results and insights are given with a numerical example. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Game theory

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Detection and Recognition of Vehicle Components Using Image Processing and Deep Learning Techniques

Detection and Recognition of Vehicle Components Using Image ...

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Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)

作者： Mahasak Ketcham Thittaporn Ganokratanaa Patiyuth Pramkeaw Phumraphi Boonthai Narumol Chumuang Department of Information Technology Management King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Applied Computer Science Program King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Media Technology Program King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Department Media Technology Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University Ratchaburi Thailand

This research study presents an algorithmic approach for the detection and identification of key components on license plates, including numerical digits, province codes, vehicle colors, and vehicle makes and types. The methodology integrates image processing techniques and deep learning methodologies to achieve comprehensive image analysis. The algorithm incorporates image preprocessing techniques to optimize the input images, followed by a deep neural network trained on a large annotated dataset. The algorithm utilizes image segmentation and character recognition techniques to detect and classify numerical digits on license plates. Similarly, it employs segmentation and classification processes for identifying province codes, vehicle colors, makes, and types. Extensive training ensures the algorithm's accuracy and robustness under varying conditions. The proposed algorithm demonstrates the potential for accurate license plate component detection and identification, with applications in law enforcement and traffic monitoring systems.

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A Game-Theoretic Approach for Pricing and Determining Virtual Reality Investment and Cybersecurity Level in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain 19th

A Game-Theoretic Approach for Pricing and Determining Virtua...

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19th International Conference on the Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, GECON 2022

作者： Alaei, Amir Mohammad Rasti-Barzoki, Morteza Altmann, Jörn Egger, Bernhard Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156-83111 Iran Institute of Engineering Research College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Technology Management Economics and Policy Program College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031293146

Virtual reality has become a new option to inform the customers about product before purchasing. However, providing virtual reality may create new challenges. For instance, consumers may obtain essential information about products by using virtual reality option, but eventually they buy their products from the offline channel. This phenomenon is called webrooming. Another challenge is cyber-attacks. E-tailers and their consumers face risks from cyber-attacks. Thus, e-tailers are investing to improve cybersecurity. We consider a dual-channel supply chain consisting of an offline retailer and an e-tailer who purchase the same product from a manufacturer at the same wholesale price. The e-tailer offers a partial refund policy in order to attract the customers. Also, to reduce consumer valuation uncertainty, the e-tailer faces the decision on whether to introduce virtual reality. We analyze three scenarios. Firstly, the e-tailer does not offer virtual reality. Secondly, the e-tailer offers virtual reality, but he does not invest on cybersecurity. Thirdly, the e-tailer offers virtual reality and invests on cybersecurity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Game theory

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