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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： E. Borenstein J. Malik Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley USA

We construct a Bayesian model that integrates topdown with bottom-up criteria, capitalizing on their relative merits to obtain figure-ground segmentation that is shape-specific and texture invariant. A hierarchy of bottom-up segments in multiple scales is used to construct a prior on all possible figure-ground segmentations of the image. This prior is used by our top-down part to query and detect object parts in the image using stored shape templates. The detected parts are integrated to produce a global approximation for the object’s shape, which is then used by an inference algorithm to produce the final segmentation. Experiments with a large sample of horse and runner images demonstrate strong figure-ground segmentation despite high object and background variability. The segmentations are robust to changes in appearance since the matching component depends on shape criteria alone. The model may be useful for additional visual tasks requiring labeling, such as the segmentation of multiple scene objects.

关键词： Shape Object segmentation Image segmentation Bayesian methods Object detection Approximation algorithms Inference algorithms Horses Robustness Labeling

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Guest editorial nonlinear optimization of communication systems

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2006年第8期24卷 1421-1423页

作者： Chiang, Mung Low, Steven H. Luo, Zhi-Quan Shroff, Ness B. Yu, Wei Steenstrup, M. Princeton University Department of Electrical Engineering Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton NJ 08544 United States California Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science Pasadena CA 91125 United States University of Minnesota Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Minneapolis MN 55455 United States Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering West Lafayette IN 47907 United States University of Toronto Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Toronto Ont. M4S 3G5 Canada

No abstract available

关键词： Communication systems Design optimization Communication system control Optimization methods Protocols Distributed algorithms Power system modeling Nonlinear control systems Lagrangian functions Surges

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A first-principle study of one-dimensional carbon atomic chain inserted single-wall carbon nanotubes

A first-principle study of one-dimensional carbon atomic cha...

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作者： Mao, Yuliang Zhong, JianXin Yuan, JianMei Zhao, Xinluo Ando, Yoshinori Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Rheological Properties Xiangtan University Ministry of Education Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory P. O. Box 2008 Oak Ridge TN 37831-6016 United States Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Meijo University Nagoya 468-8502 Japan

Using first principles calculations, we investigate the atomic and electronic structure of carbon nanowires (CNWs) as the carbon chain inserted into single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). It indicates that the (5,5) CNW system exhibits metallic character, however, the insertion of carbon chain can transit a semi-conducting (9,0) SWCNT into a metallic. Copyright © 2006 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Detonation initiation on the microsecond time scale: DDTs

Detonation initiation on the microsecond time scale: DDTs

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44th AIAA Aerospace sciences Meeting 2006

作者： Kassoy, D.R. Kuehn, J.A. Nabity, M.W. Clarke, J.F. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado 427 UCB Boulder CO 80309 United States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory MS-6173 One Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge TN 37831 United States Applied Mathematics University of Colorado 526 UCB Boulder CO 80309 United States Cranfield University Cranfield United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)1563478072

Spatially resolved, thermal power deposition of limited duration into a finite volume of reactive gas is the initiator for a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) on the microsecond time scale. The reactive Euler equations with one-step Arrhenius kinetics are used to derive novel formulas for velocity and temperature variation that describe the physical phenomena characteristic of DDTs. A nonlinear transformation of the variables is shown to yield a canonical equation system, independent of the activation energy. Numerical solutions of the reactive Euler equations are used to describe the detailed sequence of reactive gasdynamic processes leading to an overdriven planar detonation far from the power deposition location. Results are presented for deposition into a region isolated from the planar boundary of the reactive gas as well as for that adjacent to the boundary. The role of compressions and shocks reflected from the boundary into the partially reacted hot gas is described. The quantitative dependences of DDT evolution on the magnitude of thermal power deposition and activation energy are identified.

关键词： Detonation

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Parallel mesh generation

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Lecture Notes in Computational science and Engineering 2006年 51卷 237-264页

作者： Chrisochoides, Nikos Computer Science Department College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 United States Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University 182 George Street Providence RI 02912 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540290766

Parallel mesh generation is a relatively new research area between the boundaries of two scientific computing disciplines: computational geometry and parallel computing. In this chapter we present a survey of parallel unstructured mesh generation methods. Parallel mesh generation methods decompose the original mesh generation problem into smaller subproblems which are meshed in parallel. We organize the parallel mesh generation methods in terms of two basic attributes: (1) the sequential technique used for meshing the individual subproblems and (2) the degree of coupling between the subproblems. This survey shows that without compromising in the stability of parallel mesh generation methods it is possible to develop parallel meshing software using off-the-shelf sequential meshing codes. However, more research is required for the efficient use of the state-of-the-art codes which can scale from emerging chip multiprocessors (CMPs) to clusters built from CMPs. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.

关键词： Mesh generation

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Instantaneous Radar Polarimetry with Multiple Dually-polarized Antennas

Instantaneous Radar Polarimetry with Multiple Dually-polariz...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： A. R. Calderbank S. D. Howard W. Moran A. Pezeshki M. Zoltowski Program Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Defence Science and Technology Organization Edinburgh Australia Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Fully polarimetric radar systems are capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving in two orthogonal polarizations. Instantaneous radar polarimetry exploits both polarization modes of a dually-polarized radar transmitter and receiver on a pulse by pulse basis, and can improve the radar detection performance and suppress range sidelobes . In this paper, we extend the use of instantaneous radar polarimetry for radar systems with multiple dually-polarized transmit and receive antennas. Alamouti signal processing is used to coordinate transmission of Golay pairs of phase codes waveforms across polarizations and multiple antennas. The integration of multi- antenna signal processing with instantaneous radar polarimetry can further improve the detection performance, at a computational cost comparable to single channel matched filtering.

关键词： Radar polarimetry Radar antennas Polarization Radar detection Radar signal processing Transmitters Receiving antennas Transmitting antennas Computational efficiency Matched filters

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Dedicated Channels as an Optimal Network Support for Effective Transfer of Massive Data

Dedicated Channels as an Optimal Network Support for Effecti...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Sergey Gorinsky Nageswara S. V. Rao Applied Research Laboratory CSE Department Washington University Saint Louis MO USA Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA

Instantaneous fair sharing (IFS) is a traditional network ideal prescribing to share the network capacity among competing applications fairly during any infinitesimal time interval. In this paper, we argue that IFS is an inappropriate ideal for the application of massive data transfers where the primary goal is to minimize message transfer times. We propose an alternative paradigm of virtual finish time first (ViFi) scheduling that dedicates the entire capacity to one message at a time in the order of message finish times under IFS. Unlike shortest remaining time first and other earlier algorithms for dedicated scheduling, ViFi provides a remarkable guarantee of delivering each message no later than under IFS. Our analysis and simulations show the dedicated ViFi scheduling offers significant reductions in the average transfer time. The above properties make ViFi a promising approach for resource allocation in emerging dedicated-channel networks that enable advance reservation of end-to-end channels between hosts.

关键词： IP networks Resource management Web and internet services Laboratories Application software Analytical models Transport protocols Drives computer science mathematics

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NEKTAR, SPICE and Vortonics: using federated grids for large scale scientific applications

NEKTAR, SPICE and Vortonics: using federated grids for large...

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International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments

作者： B. Boghosian P. Coveney S. Dong L. Finn S. Jha G. Karniadakis N. Karonis Department of Mathematics Tufts University Medford MA USA Centre for Computational Science University College London London UK Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois University Dekalb IL USA Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL USA

In response to a joint call from US's NSF and UK's EPSRC for applications that aim to utilize the combined computational resources of the US and UK, three computational science groups from UCL, Tufts and Brown Universities teamed up with a middleware team from NIU/Argonne to meet the challenge. Although the groups had three distinct codes and aims, the projects had the underlying common feature that they were comprised of large-scale distributed applications which required high-end networking and advanced middleware in order to be effectively deployed. For example, cross-site runs were found to be a very effective strategy to overcome the limitations of a single resource. The seamless federation of a grid-of-grids remains difficult. Even if interoperability at the middleware and software stack levels were to exist, it would not guarantee that the federated grids can be utilized for large scale distributed applications. There are important additional requirements for example, compatible and consistent usage policy, automated advanced reservations and most important of all co-scheduling. This paper outlines the scientific motivation and describes why distributed resources are critical for all three projects. It documents the challenges encountered in using a grid-of-grids and some of the solutions devised in response

关键词： SPICE Large-scale systems Educational institutions Middleware Distributed computing High performance computing Proposals Grid computing Application software mathematics

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Locally Weighted LS-SVM for Fuzzy Nonlinear Regression with Fuzzy Input-Output

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International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security

作者： Dug Hun Hong Changha Hwang Jooyong Shim Kyung Ha Seok Department of Mathematics Myongji University Kyunggi South Korea Division of Information and Computer Science Dankook University Seoul South Korea Department of Applied Statistics Catholic University of Daegu Gyeongbuk South Korea Department of Data Science Inje University South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)3540743766%

This paper deals with new regression method of predicting fuzzy multivariable nonlinear regression models using triangular fuzzy numbers. The proposed method is achieved by implementing the locally weighted least squares support vector machine regression where the local weight is obtained from the positive distance metric between the test data and the training data. Two types of distance metrics for the center and spreads are proposed to treat the nonlinear regression for fuzzy inputs and fuzzy outputs. Numerical studies are then presented which indicate the performance of this algorithm

关键词： Linear regression Least squares methods Support vector machines mathematics Statistics computer science Mathematical model Predictive models Testing Training data

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Parallel PDE-based simulations using the common component architecture

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Lecture Notes in Computational science and Engineering 2006年 51卷 327-381页

作者： McInnes, Lois Curfman Allan, Benjamin A. Armstrong, Robert Benson, Steven J. Bernholdt, David E. Dahlgren, Tamara L. Diachin, Lori Freitag Krishnan, Manojkumar Kohl, James A. Walter Larson, J. Lefantzi, Sophia Nieplocha, Jarek Norris, Boyana Parker, Steven G. Ray, Jaideep Zhou, Shujia Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL United States Livermore CA United States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN United States Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA United States Computational Sciences and Mathematics Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA United States Reacting Flow Research SNL Livermore CA United States Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT United States Advanced Software R and D SNL Livermore CA United States Northrop Grumman Corporation Information Technology Sector Chantilly VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540290766

The complexity of parallel PDE-based simulations continues to increase as multimodel, multiphysics, and multi-institutional projects become widespread. A goal of component - based software engineering in such large-scale simulations is to help manage this complexity by enabling better interoperability among various codes that have been independently developed by different groups. The Common Component Architecture (CCA) Forum is defining a component architecture specification to address the challenges of high-performance scientific computing. In addition, several execution frameworks, supporting infrastructure, and general-purpose components are being developed. Furthermore, this group is collaborating with others in the high-performance computing community to design suites of domain-specific component interface specifications and underlying implementations. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.

关键词： Multiphysics

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