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arXiv 2024年

作者： Girardini, Nicolò Alessandro Stopczynski, Arkadiusz Baranov, Olga Betsch, Cornelia Brockmann, Dirk Lehmann, Sune Böhm, Robert University of Trento Italy Trento Italy University of Copenhagen Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Austria Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen Denmark Health Communication Implementation Science Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Germany Health Communication Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour University of Erfurt Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Immunology Infection and Pandemic Research Munich Germany Partner site Munich Germany Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Germany Center Synergy of Systems AND Center for Interdisciplinary Digital Sciences Faculty of Biology AND Faculty of Physics TUD Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany Independent Researcher

One of the most important tools available to limit the spread and impact of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is therefore important to understand what factors determine people’s vaccination decisions. To this end, previous behavioural research made use of, (i) controlled but often abstract or hypothetical studies (e.g., vignettes) or, (ii) realistic but typically less flexible studies that make it difficult to understand individual decision processes (e.g., clinical trials). Combining the best of these approaches, we propose integrating real-world Bluetooth contacts via smartphones in several rounds of a game scenario, as a novel methodology to study vaccination decisions and disease spread. In our 12-week proof-of-concept study conducted with N = 494 students, we found that participants strongly responded to some of the information provided to them during or after each decision round, particularly those related to their individual health outcomes. In contrast, information related to others’ decisions and outcomes (e.g., the number of vaccinated or infected individuals) appeared to be less important. We discuss the potential of this novel method and point to fruitful areas for future research. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smartphones

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All-antiferromagnetic electrically controlled memory on silicon featuring large tunneling magnetoresistance

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shi, Jiacheng Lopez-Dominguez, Victor Arpaci, Sevdenur Sangwan, Vinod K. Mahfouzi, Farzad Kim, Jinwoong Athas, Jordan G. Hamdi, Mohammad Aygen, Can Phatak, Charudatta Carpentieri, Mario Jiang, Jidong S. Grayson, Matthew A. Kioussis, Nicholas Finocchio, Giovanni Hersam, Mark C. Amiri, Pedram Khalili Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Universitat Jaume I Castellón12006 Spain Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University Northridge NorthridgeCA91330 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Politecnico di Bari Bari Italy Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials are a pathway to spintronic memory and computing devices with unprecedented speed, energy efficiency, and bit density. Realizing this potential requires AFM devices with simultaneous electrical writing and reading of information, which are also compatible with established silicon-based manufacturing. Recent experiments have shown tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) readout in epitaxial AFM tunnel junctions. However, these TMR structures were not grown using a silicon-compatible deposition process, and controlling their AFM order required external magnetic fields. Here we show three-terminal AFM tunnel junctions based on the noncollinear antiferromagnet PtMn3, sputter-deposited on silicon. The devices simultaneously exhibit electrical switching using electric currents, and electrical readout by a large room-temperature TMR effect. First-principles calculations explain the TMR in terms of the momentum-resolved spin-dependent tunneling conduction in tunnel junctions with noncollinear AFM electrodes. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon

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Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in the Deep-Strong Coupling Regime

Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in the Deep-Strong Coupli...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Andrey Baydin Manukumara Manjappa Sobhan Subhra Mishra Hongjing Xu Jacques Doumani Fuyang Tay Dasom Kim Felix G. G. Hernandez Paulo H. O. Rappl Eduardo Abramof Ranjan Singh Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos ampos SP Brazil Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA

We have studied the resonant and nonperturbative coupling of transverse optical phonons in lead telluride with photons in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the uncoupled phonon and cavity frequencies. Our terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experimental data, systematically collected as a function of sample thickness, temperature, and cavity length, can be well reproduced by our electromagnetic simulations. These results demonstrate that this uniquely tunable platform is promising for realizing and understanding predicted cavity-vacuum-induced ferroelectric instabilities, as well as for exploring applications of light-matter coupling in the ultra-and deep-strong coupling regimes in quantum technology.

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Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO Phonons in PbTe

Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Andrey Baydin Manukumara Manjappa Sobhan Subhra Mishra Hongjing Xu Fuyang Tay Dasom Kim Felix G. G. Hernandez Paulo H. O. Rappl Eduardo Abramof Ranjan Singh Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Instrumentation and Applied Physics Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos SP Brazil Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas USA

We have investigated the resonant coupling of photons with TO phonons in lead telluride in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the bare cavity–phonon frequency.

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Electric fields Numerical simulation Optical constants Photons Physical vapor deposition Terahertz spectroscopy

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A sharp interface Lagrangian-Eulerian method for flexible-body fluid-structure interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kolahdouz, Ebrahim M. Wells, David R. Rossi, Simone Aycock, Kenneth I. Craven, Brent A. Griffith, Boyce E. Center for Computational Biology Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New YorkNY United States Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States Division of Applied Mechanics Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories Center for Devices and Radiological Health United States Food and Drug Administration Silver SpringMD United States Departments of Mathematics and Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States Computational Medicine Program University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina Chapel HillNC United States

This paper introduces a sharp-interface approach to simulating fluid-structure interaction (FSI) involving flexible bodies described by general nonlinear material models and across a broad range of mass density ratios. This new flexible-body immersed Lagrangian-Eulerian (ILE) scheme extends our prior work on integrating partitioned and immersed approaches to rigid-body FSI. Our numerical approach incorporates the geometrical and domain solution flexibility of the immersed boundary (IB) method with an accuracy comparable to body-fitted approaches that sharply resolve flows and stresses up to the fluid-structure interface. Unlike many IB methods, our ILE formulation uses distinct momentum equations for the fluid and solid subregions with a Dirichlet-Neumann coupling strategy that connects fluid and solid subproblems through simple interface conditions. As in earlier work, we use approximate Lagrange multiplier forces to treat the kinematic interface conditions along the fluid-structure interface. This penalty approach simplifies the linear solvers needed by our formulation by introducing two representations of the fluid-structure interface, one that moves with the fluid and another that moves with the structure, that are connected by stiff springs. This approach also enables the use of multi-rate time stepping, which allows us to use different time step sizes for the fluid and structure subproblems. Our fluid solver relies on an immersed interface method (IIM) for discrete surfaces to impose stress jump conditions along complex interfaces while enabling the use of fast structured-grid solvers for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The dynamics of the volumetric structural mesh are determined using a standard finite element approach to large-deformation nonlinear elasticity via a nearly incompressible solid mechanics formulation. This formulation also readily accommodates compressible structures with a constant total volume, and it can handle fully compressibl

关键词： Fluid structure interaction

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Digital Audio Watermarking by Quantization Embedding System 15th

Digital Audio Watermarking by Quantization Embedding System

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15th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2019, held in conjunction with the 12th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, Applications and Tools, FITAT 2019

作者： Chen, Ching-Ju Zhao, Ming Chen, Shuo-Tsung Lin, Meng-Ju College of Future Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies National Yunlin University of Science and Technology DouliuYunlin Taiwan64002 Taiwan School of Computer Science Yangtze University Jingzhou CityHubei Province China Department of Applied Mathematics Tunghai University No. 1727 Sec. 4 Taiwan Boulevard TaichungTaiwan40704 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology DouliuYunlin Taiwan64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811397134

This paper designs a digital audio watermarking scheme using a quantization embedding system in the wavelet domain. In this paper, the relationship between the watermarked coefficients and the original coefficients is first presented and then the quantization-based embedding rules are combined into a quantization-based embedding system that incorporates a system state. For the embedding in this system, the information includes synchronization codes and the watermarks are embedded into the DWT lowest frequency sub-band coefficients, which can be described by a matrix form. Moreover, the SNR is rewritten as a performance index which is a quadratic form. Then, a nonlinear function connecting the performance index and the embedding system is derived. Accordingly, an optimization-based embedding system is proposed. Finally, the Lagrange Principle is used to obtain the optimal solution which is an important formula for watermarking. In addition, the hidden information can be extracted without knowledge of the original audio. In the experiments, the performance of the proposed system is tested and the results verify the high SNR and strong robustness against multimedia signal processing or malicious attacks. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Audio watermarking

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The Hydrogen Intensity Real-Time Analysis eXperiment: Overview and Status Update

The Hydrogen Intensity Real-Time Analysis eXperiment: Overvi...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Anthony Walters Keshav Bechoo Shruti Bhatporia H. Cynthia Chiang Devin Crichton Jacobus Diener Sindhu Gaddam Kit Gerodias Austin Gumba Neeraj Gupta Surajit Kalita Emily Kuhn Martin Kunz Kavilan Moodley Warren Naidoo Viraj Nistane Tasmiya Papiah Aditi Pattabhiraman Aritha Pillay Alice Pisani Isibabale Qhoboshiyane Alexandre Refregier Edwin Retana-Montenegro Benjamin R. B. Saliwanchik Ajith Sampath Tsepo Sekhoasha Mugundhan Vijayaraghavan Amanda Weltman Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban South Africa Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics High Energy Physics Cosmology & Astrophysics Theory (HEPCAT) Group University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Department of Physics McGill University Quebec Canada Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Physics and Astronomy Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune India NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Stanford University Stanford CA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York NY USA The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art New York NY USA Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Durban University of Technology Durban South Africa Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Instrumentation Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA Onsala Space Observatory Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

The Hydrogen Intensity Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX) will be a large interferometric array of drift-scan radio telescopes designed to map the large-scale spatial fluctuations of neutral hydrogen in the Universe, in order to better understand the nature of dark energy. It will operate between 400–800 MHz, and is currently under construction in the Karoo desert of South Africa. It will also be a powerful tool for studying astronomical transients and the evolution of galaxies. Here we present an overview of the project, its anticipated deployment timelines, and highlight some of the characterisation and calibration efforts that are currently underway, or planned for the future.

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Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid

Communications Materials

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Communications Materials 2024年第1期5卷 42页

作者： Marquez Peraca, Nicolas Li, Xinwei Moya, Jaime M. Hayashida, Kenji Kim, Dasom Ma, Xiaoxuan Neubauer, Kelly J. Fallas Padilla, Diego Huang, Chien-Lung Dai, Pengcheng Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Pu, Han Morosan, Emilia Cao, Shixun Bamba, Motoaki Kono, Junichiro Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan Department of Physics Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching

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Materials Today Advances 2024年 23卷

作者： Yu, Chia Hao Chiang, Wei Hsiang Chen, Yi-Ho Samukawa, Seiji Wuu, Dong Sing Chung, Chin-Han Hsiao, Ching-Lien Horng, Ray Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Comunications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Thin Film Physics Division Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University

This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V_th) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10⁹, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： GaN HEMTs Gate recess Interface defects Multi-frequency C–V Neutral beam etching

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Spectral Top-Down Recovery of Latent Tree Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Aizenbud, Yariv Jaffe, Ariel Wang, Meng Hu, Amber Amsel, Noah Nadler, Boaz Chang, Joseph T. Kluger, Yuval Program in Applied Mathematics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot76100 Israel Department of Statistics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Pathology Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States

Modeling the distribution of high dimensional data by a latent tree graphical model is a prevalent approach in multiple scientific domains. A common task is to infer the underlying tree structure, given only observations of its terminal nodes. Many algorithms for tree recovery are computationally intensive, which limits their applicability to trees of moderate size. For large trees, a common approach, termed divide-and-conquer, is to recover the tree structure in two steps. First, recover the structure separately of multiple, possibly random subsets of the terminal nodes. Second, merge the resulting subtrees to form a full tree. Here, we develop Spectral Top-Down Recovery (STDR), a deterministic divide-and-conquer approach to infer large latent tree models. Unlike previous methods, STDR partitions the terminal nodes in a non random way, based on the Fiedler vector of a suitable Laplacian matrix related to the observed nodes. We prove that under certain conditions, this partitioning is consistent with the tree structure. This, in turn, leads to a significantly simpler merging procedure of the small subtrees. We prove that STDR is statistically consistent and bound the number of samples required to accurately recover the tree with high probability. Using simulated data from several common tree models in phylogenetics, we demonstrate that STDR has a significant advantage in terms of runtime, with improved or similar accuracy. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recovery

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