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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Sudre, Carole H. Eisenmann, Matthias Rädsch, Tim Baumgartner, Michael Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Bankhead, Peter Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Chen, Jianxu Cheplygina, Veronika Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Engelhardt, Sandy Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hamprecht, Fred Hashimoto, Daniel A. Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Hirsch, Peter Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kavur, A. Emre Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kleppe, Andreas Koehler, Sven Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kooi, Thijs Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moher, David Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Noyan, M. Alican Petersen, Jens Polat, Gorkem Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Rieke, Nicola Riegler, Michael A. Rivaz, Hassan Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Schroeter, Julien Saha, Anindo Selver, M. Alper Sharan, Lalith Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten V.A.N. Stieltjes, Bram Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben V.A.N. Varoquaux, Gaël Wiesenfarth, Manuel Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul Maier-Hein, Lena Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - box 2441 Leuven3001 Belgium Frankfurt/Mainz DKFZ UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for St

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent performance assessment and validation of the used automatic algorithms, but relatively little attention has been given to the practical pitfalls when using specific metrics for a given image analysis task. These are typically related to (1) the disregard of inherent metric properties, such as the behaviour in the presence of class imbalance or small target structures, (2) the disregard of inherent data set properties, such as the non-independence of the test cases, and (3) the disregard of the actual biomedical domain interest that the metrics should reflect. This living dynamically document has the purpose to illustrate important limitations of performance metrics commonly applied in the field of image analysis. In this context, it focuses on biomedical image analysis problems that can be phrased as image-level classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, or object detection task. The current version is based on a Delphi process on metrics conducted by an international consortium of image analysis experts from more than 60 institutions worldwide. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Persistent homology of the cosmic web. I: Hierarchical topology in ΛCDM cosmologies

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wilding, Georg Nevenzeel, Keimpe de Weygaert, Rien van Vegter, Gert Pranav, Pratyush Jones, Bernard J.T. Efstathiou, Konstantinos Feldbrugge, Job Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Centre for Data Science and Systems Complexity University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 LyonFV69007 France Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Division of Natural and Applied Sciences and Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Science Duke Kunshan University No. 8 Duke Avenue KunshanJiangsu Province215316 China Perimeter Institute 31 Caroline St N WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave PittsburghPA15217 United States

Using a set of ΛCDM simulations of cosmic structure formation, we study the evolving connectivity and changing topological structure of the cosmic web using state-of-the-art tools of multiscale topological data analysis (TDA). We follow the development of the cosmic web topology in terms of the evolution of Betti number curves and feature persistence diagrams of the three (topological) classes of structural features: matter concentrations, filaments and tunnels, and voids. The Betti curves specify the prominence of features as a function of density level, and their evolution with cosmic epoch reflects the changing network connections between these structural features. The persistence diagrams quantify the longevity and stability of topological features. In this study we establish, for the first time, the link between persistence diagrams, the features they show, and the gravitationally driven cosmic structure formation process. By following the diagrams’ development over cosmic time, the link between the multiscale topology of the cosmic web and the hierarchical buildup of cosmic structure is established. The sharp apexes in the diagrams are intimately related to key transitions in the structure formation process. The apex in the matter concentration diagrams coincides with the density level at which, typically, they detach from the Hubble expansion and begin to collapse. At that level many individual islands merge to form the network of the cosmic web and a large number of filaments and tunnels emerge to establish its connecting bridges. The location trends of the apex possess a self-similar character that can be related to the cosmic web’s hierarchical buildup. We find that persistence diagrams provide a significantly higher and more profound level of information on the structure formation process than more global summary statistics like Euler characteristic or Betti numbers. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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2022 Review of Data-Driven Plasma science

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Anirudh, Rushil Archibald, Rick Asif, M. Salman Becker, Markus M. Benkadda, Sadruddin Bremer, Peer-Timo Budé, Rick H.S. Chang, C.S. Chen, Lei Churchill, R.M. Citrin, Jonathan Gaffney, Jim A. Gainaru, Ana Gekelman, Walter Gibbs, Tom Hamaguchi, Satoshi Hill, Christian Humbird, Kelli Jalas, Sören Kawaguchi, Satoru Kim, Gon-Ho Kirchen, Manuel Klasky, Scott Kline, John L. Krushelnick, Karl Kustowski, Bogdan Lapenta, Giovanni Li, Wenting Ma, Tammy Mason, Nigel J. Mesbah, Ali Michoski, Craig Munson, Todd Murakami, Izumi Najm, Habib N. Erik J. Olofsson, K. Park, Seolhye Peterson, J. Luc Probst, Michael Pugmire, David Sammuli, Brian Sawlani, Kapil Scheinker, Alexander Schissel, David P. Shalloo, Rob J. Shinagawa, Jun Seong, Jaegu Spears, Brian K. Tennyson, Jonathan Thiagarajan, Jayaraman Ticoş, Catalin M. Trieschmann, Jan van Dijk, Jan Van Essen, Brian Ventzek, Peter Wang, Haimin Wang, Jason T.L. Wang, Zhehui Wende, Kristian Xu, Xueqiao Yamada, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Tatsuya Zhang, Xinhua Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States University of California Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2 Greifswald17489 Germany Aix Marseille University CNRS PIIM UMR 7345 Marseille France Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton NJ08540 United States Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Technikerstrasse 25 Innsbruck6020 Austria DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research Eindhoven Netherlands Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion Group Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States NVIDIA 2788 San Tomas Expressway Santa ClaraCA95051 United States Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka Japan Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 PO Box 100 Vienna1400 Austria Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Department of Physics Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany Division of Information and Electronic Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Hokkaido Muroran050-8585 Japan Seoul National University Seoul151-741 Korea Republic of Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 Hamburg22607 Germany Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2099 United States Department of Mathematics KULeuven University of Leuven Belgium Department of Physical Sciences The University of Kent CanterburyCT2 7NH United Kingdom Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berk

Data science and technology offer transformative tools and methods to science. This review article highlights latest development and progress in the interdisciplinary field of data-driven plasma science (DDPS). A large amount of data and machine learning algorithms go hand in hand. Most plasma data, whether experimental, observational or computational, are generated or collected by machines today. It is now becoming impractical for humans to analyze all the data manually. Therefore, it is imperative to train machines to analyze and interpret (eventually) such data as intelligently as humans but far more efficiently in quantity. Despite the recent impressive progress in applications of data science to plasma science and technology, the emerging field of DDPS is still in its infancy. Fueled by some of the most challenging problems such as fusion energy, plasma-processing of materials, and fundamental understanding of the universe through observable plasma phenomena, it is expected that DDPS continues to benefit significantly from the interdisciplinary marriage between plasma science and data science into the foreseeable future. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Canopus: Enabling extreme-scale data analytics on big HPC storage via progressive refactoring 9

Canopus: Enabling extreme-scale data analytics on big HPC st...

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9th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems, HotStorage 2017, co-located with USENIX ATC 2017

作者： Lu, Tao Suchyta, Eric Choi, Jong Podhorszki, Norbert Klasky, Scott Liu, Qing Pugmire, Dave Wolf, Matthew Ainsworth, Mark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology United States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University United States

High accuracy scientific simulations on high performance computing (HPC) platforms generate large amounts of data. To allow data to be efficiently analyzed, simulation outputs need to be refactored, compressed, and properly mapped onto storage tiers. This paper presents Canopus, a progressive data management framework for storing and analyzing big scientific data. Canopus allows simulation results to be refactored into a much smaller dataset along with a series of deltas with fairly low overhead. Then, the refactored data are compressed, mapped, and written onto storage tiers. For data analytics, refactored data are selectively retrieved to restore data at a specific level of accuracy that satisfies analysis requirements. Canopus enables end users to make trade-offs between analysis speed and accuracy on-the-fly. Canopus is demonstrated and thoroughly evaluated using blob detection on fusion simulation data. © 2017 USENIX Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data Analytics

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Integrating machine learning and multiscale modeling: Perspectives, challenges, and opportunities in the biological, biomedical, and behavioral sciences

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Alber, Mark Tepole, Adrian Buganza Cannon, William De, Suvranu Dura-Bernal, Salvador Garikipati, Krishna Karniadakis, George Lytton, William W. Perdikaris, Paris Petzold, Linda Kuhl, Ellen Mathematics University of California Riverside United States Mechanical Engineering Purdue University Computational Biology Pacific Northwest National Lab Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Physiology & Pharmacology State University of New York Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics University of Michigan Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Physiology & Pharmacology State University of New York and Kings County Hospital Brooklyn United States Mechanical Engineering University of Pennsylvania Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara United States Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering Stanford University

Fueled by breakthrough technology developments, the biological, biomedical, and behavioral sciences are now collecting more data than ever before. There is a critical need for time- and cost-efficient strategies to analyze and interpret these data to advance human health. The recent rise of machine learning as a powerful technique to integrate multimodality, multifidelity data, and reveal correlations between intertwined phenomena presents a special opportunity in this regard. However, machine learning alone ignores the fundamental laws of physics and can result in ill-posed problems or non-physical solutions. Multiscale modeling is a successful strategy to integrate multiscale, multiphysics data and uncover mechanisms that explain the emergence of function. However, multiscale modeling alone often fails to efficiently combine large data sets from different sources and different levels of resolution. Here we demonstrate that machine learning and multiscale modeling can naturally complement each other to create robust predictive models that integrate the underlying physics to manage ill-posed problems and explore massive design spaces. We review the current literature, highlight applications and opportunities, address open questions, and discuss potential challenges and limitations in four overarching topical areas: ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, data-driven approaches, and theory-driven approaches. Towards these goals, we leverage expertise in applied mathematics, computer science, computational biology, biophysics, biomechanics, engineering mechanics, experimentation, and medicine. Our multidisciplinary perspective suggests that integrating machine learning and multiscale modeling can provide new insights into disease mechanisms, help identify new targets and treatment strategies, and inform decision making for the benefit of human health. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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A constraint-reduced MPC algorithm for convex quadratic programming, with a modified active set identification scheme

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Paul Laiu, M. Tits, André L. Computational and Applied Mathematics Group Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

A constraint-reduced Mehrotra–Predictor–Corrector algorithm for convex quadratic programming is proposed. (At each iteration, such algorithms use only a subset of the inequality constraints in constructing the search direction, resulting in CPU savings.) The proposed algorithm makes use of a regularization scheme to cater to cases where the reduced constraint matrix is rank deficient. Global and local convergence properties are established under arbitrary working-set selection rules subject to satisfaction of a general condition. A modified active-set identification scheme that fulfills this condition is introduced. Numerical tests show great promise for the proposed algorithm, in particular for its active-set identification scheme. While the focus of the present paper is on dense systems, application of the main ideas to large sparse systems is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constraint theory

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Statistical treatment of inverse problems constrained by differential equations-based models with stochastic terms

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Constantinescu, Emil M. Petra, Noémi Bessac, Julie Petra, Cosmin G. Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Applied Mathematics Department University of California Merced MercedCA95340 United States Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550

This paper introduces a statistical treatment of inverse problems constrained by models with stochastic terms. The solution of the forward problem is given by a distribution represented numerically by an ensemble of simulations. The goal is to formulate the inverse problem, in particular the objective function, to find the closest forward distribution (i.e., the output of the stochastic forward problem) that best explains the distribution of the observations in a certain metric. We use proper scoring rules, a concept employed in statistical forecast verification, namely energy, variogram, and hybrid (i.e., combination of the two) scores. We study the performance of the proposed formulation in the context of two applications: a coefficient field inversion for subsurface flow governed by an elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) with a stochastic source and a parameter inversion for power grid governed by differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). In both cases we show that the variogram and the hybrid scores show better parameter inversion results than does the energy score, whereas the energy score leads to better probabilistic predictions.35Q62, 62F15, 35R30, 35Q93, 65C60, 65K10, 62H10, 62M20 Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Publisher Correction: Comprehensive molecular characterization of mitochondrial genomes in human cancers

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Nature genetics 2023年第5期55卷 893页

作者： Yuan Yuan Young Seok Ju Youngwook Kim Jun Li Yumeng Wang Christopher J Yoon Yang Yang Inigo Martincorena Chad J Creighton John N Weinstein Yanxun Xu Leng Han Hyung-Lae Kim Hidewaki Nakagawa Keunchil Park Peter J Campbell Han Liang Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. Division of Biostatistics The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Houston TX USA. Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School Houston TX USA. Department of Biochemistry Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. Laboratory for Cancer Genomics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Division of Hematology/Oncology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. kpark@skku.edu. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. pc8@sanger.ac.uk. Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK. pc8@sanger.ac.uk. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. hliang1@***. Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. hliang1@***. Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. hliang1@mdanderson

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