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Towards Adversarial Robustness for Multi-Mode Data through Metric Learning

Sensors 2023年第13期23卷 6173页

作者： Khan, Sarwar Chen, Jun-Cheng Liao, Wen-Hung Chen, Chu-Song Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Social Networks Human-Centered Computing Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11605 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan

Adversarial attacks have become one of the most serious security issues in widely used deep neural networks. Even though real-world datasets usually have large intra-variations or multiple modes, most adversarial defense methods, such as adversarial training, which is currently one of the most effective defense methods, mainly focus on the single-mode setting and thus fail to capture the full data representation to defend against adversarial attacks. To confront this challenge, we propose a novel multi-prototype metric learning regularization for adversarial training which can effectively enhance the defense capability of adversarial training by preventing the latent representation of the adversarial example changing a lot from its clean one. With extensive experiments on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, MNIST, and Tiny ImageNet, the evaluation results show the proposed method improves the performance of different state-of-the-art adversarial training methods without additional computational cost. Furthermore, besides Tiny ImageNet, in the multi-prototype CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 where we reorganize the whole datasets of CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 into two and ten classes, respectively, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approach by 2.22% and 1.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed multi-prototype method also outperforms its single-prototype version and other commonly used deep metric learning approaches as regularization for adversarial training and thus further demonstrates its effectiveness. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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NFT-Based Blockchain-Oriented Security Framework for Metaverse Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Manzoor, Khadija Noor, Umara Rashid, Zahid Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan Technology Management Economics and Policy Program College of Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-Ro Gwanak-Gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

The Metaverse is rapidly evolving, bringing us closer to its imminent reality. However, the widespread adoption of this new automated technology poses significant research challenges in terms of authenticity, integrity, interoperability, and efficiency. These challenges originate from the core technologies underlying the Metaverse and are exacerbated by its complex nature. As a solution to these challenges, this paper presents a novel framework based on Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). The framework employs the Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm, a blockchain-based technology, for data transaction, validation, and resource management. PoS efficiently consume energy and provide a streamlined validation approach instead of resource-intensive mining. This ability makes PoS an ideal candidate for Metaverse applications. By combining NFTs for user authentication and PoS for data integrity, enhanced transaction throughput, and improved scalability, the proposed blockchain mechanism demonstrates noteworthy advantages. Through security analysis, experimental and simulation results, it is established that the NFT-based approach coupled with the PoS algorithm is secure and efficient for Metaverse applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Blockchain

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Towards Safe AI Clinicians: A Comprehensive Study on Large Language Model Jailbreaking in Healthcare

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Hang Lou, Qian Wang, Yanshan Intelligent Systems Program School of Computing and Information University of Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Department of Health Information Management University of Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh PA United States Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States University of Pittsburgh Medical Center PittsburghPA United States

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study systematically assesses the vulnerabilities of seven LLMs to three advanced black-box jailbreaking techniques within medical contexts. To quantify the effectiveness of these techniques, we propose an automated and domain-adapted agentic evaluation pipeline. Experiment results indicate that leading commercial and open-source LLMs are highly vulnerable to medical jailbreaking attacks. To bolster model safety and reliability, we further investigate the effectiveness of Continual Fine-Tuning (CFT) in defending against medical adversarial attacks. Our findings underscore the necessity for evolving attack methods evaluation, domain-specific safety alignment, and LLM safety-utility balancing. This research offers actionable insights for advancing the safety and reliability of AI clinicians, contributing to ethical and effective AI deployment in healthcare. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Patient treatment

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Confronting the Challenges of Computational and Social Perspectives of the Data Continuum

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Data and information Management 2020年第2期4卷 119-126页

作者： Murillo, Angela P. Curty, Renata G. Jeng, Wei He, Daqing School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis IndianapolisIN United States Data Curation Program — UCSB Library University of California Santa Barbara United States Department of Library and Information Science National Taiwan University Taipei China School of Computing and Information University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

As the availability of data is increasing everyday, the need to reflect on how to make these data meaningful and impactful becomes vital. Current data paradigms have provided data life cycles that often focus on data acumen and data stewardship approaches. In an effort to examine the convergence, tensions, and harmonies of these two approaches, a group of researchers participated in an interactive panel session at the Association of information science and Technology Annual meeting in 2019. The panel presenters described their various research activities in which they confront the challenges of the computational and social perspectives of the data continuum. This paper provides a summary of this interactive panel. © 2020 Angela P. Murillo et al., published by Sciendo

关键词： Life cycle

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AVTENet: Audio-Visual Transformer-based Ensemble Network Exploiting Multiple Experts for Video Deepfake Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min The Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan The Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11605 Taiwan The Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Forged content shared widely on social media platforms is a major social problem that requires increased regulation and poses new challenges to the research community. The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous work on detecting AI-generated fake videos only utilizes visual modality or audio modality. While there are some methods in the literature that exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multi-modal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations. Moreover, these existing methods are mostly based on CNN and suffer from low detection accuracy. Inspired by the recent success of Transformer in various fields, to address the challenges posed by deepfake technology, in this paper, we propose an Audio-Visual Transformer-based Ensemble Network (AVTENet) framework that considers both acoustic manipulation and visual manipulation to achieve effective video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multi-modal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that our best model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Statistical tests

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Fusion of Mixture of Experts and Generative Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Jamalipour, Abbas Mao, Shiwen Kim, Dong In The College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University Auburn United States The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sydney Australia The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

In the digital transformation era, Metaverse offers a fusion of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and web technologies to create immersive digital experiences. However, the evolution of the Metaverse is slowed down by the challenges of content creation, scalability, and dynamic user interaction. Our study investigates an integration of Mixture of Experts (MoE) models with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) for mobile edge computing to revolutionize content creation and interaction in the Metaverse. Specifically, we harness an MoE model's ability to efficiently manage complex data and complex tasks by dynamically selecting the most relevant experts running various sub-models to enhance the capabilities of GAI. We then present a novel framework that improves video content generation quality and consistency, and demonstrate its application through case studies. Our findings underscore the efficacy of MoE and GAI integration to redefine virtual experiences by offering a scalable, efficient pathway to harvest the Metaverse's full potential. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Double-SP Method to Enhance Privacy and Security of Smart City Applications

Double-SP Method to Enhance Privacy and Security of Smart Ci...

引用

International Conference on computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

作者： Nour Mahmoud Bahbouh Abdulelah Alhussain Hassan Hakami Yaser Mohammed Aljohani Adnan Ahmed Abi Sen Ahmad Alkhodre Aeshah Alsughayyir Department of Information and Communication Sciences Granada University Granada Spain Saudi Electronic University Al-Madinah Saudi Arabia YasRef Program Yanbu Saudi Arabia Computing and Information Technology Islamic University Al-Madinah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Islamic University Al-Madinah Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Al-Madinah Saudi Arabia

Smart cities promise a lot of well-being to their users in all areas of life through millions of applications and services. Smart services rely heavily on collecting data and the preferences of users. But on the dark side, the users' information is posed to threat and penetration during transmission or stored far in the clouds. Depending on encryption only is not sufficient if the attacker has strong resources or if the attacker is the service provider (SP) itself. In addition, changing data before sending is not a practical solution in many systems because of the adverse impact on the quality of a main service. This research presented a new idea to address the issue of protection. The proposed method enhanced the privacy and security of users' data without affecting the accuracy of service. The core of the suggested solution relies on a knowledge base of services that are managed by experts. Also, the solution depends on fog nodes to measure the level of security and privacy of users' queries without delay. Moreover, the fog nodes manage contact with SPs. Finally, the proposed method divided the SP into two, one for user queries and the other for user data. The simulation and analytical discussion on a practical case in smart cities demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach over previous methods in the level of protection by maintaining the quality of services, and the resistance to attacks.

关键词： Resistance Privacy Data privacy Machine learning algorithms Smart cities Knowledge based systems Quality of service

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Predicting Microsatellite Instability from Histology Images with Dilated Neighborhood Attention Transformer in Colorectal Cancer

Predicting Microsatellite Instability from Histology Images ...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Yun-Chi Chen Tung Chao Wimaya Nitya Phandita Tzu-Yu Sun Huai-Zhi Wang Yi-Hsien Hsieh Le-Yin Hsu Che Lin Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan College of Bioresources and Agriculture NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Data Science Degree Program NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Taipei Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program NTU Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331518622

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518639

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a pivotal genetic marker influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Traditional MSI examination often requires additional genetic or immunohistochemical tests, whereas histology images, widely available in colorectal cancer diagnosis, offer a valuable alternative for MSI prediction. Although Transformer-based models have demonstrated promising outcomes in predicting MSI from histology images, they are hampered by traditional local attention mechanisms that struggle to capture long-range interdependencies and establish a comprehensive global receptive field. In this study, we introduce DiNAT-MSI, a novel framework for histology-based MSI prediction that incorporates the Dilated Neighborhood Attention Transformer (DiNAT). This model enhances global context recognition and substantially expands receptive fields, all without additional computational burden. Our results demonstrate that DiNAT-MSI achieves a superior patientwise AUROC compared to ResNet18 and Swin Transformer, along with commendable explainability. Our work not only illustrates a more accessible diagnostic tool for leveraging histological data but also underscores the potential of Transformerbased models with sophisticated attention designs in advancing precision medicine for colorectal cancer patients.

关键词： Attention mechanisms Histopathology Computational modeling Precision medicine Small satellites Immunotherapy Colorectal cancer Predictive models Transformers Genetics

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An Efficient Three-Factor Authenticated Key Agreement Technique Using FCM Under HC-IoT Architectures

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 1373-1389页

作者： Chandrashekhar Meshram Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Sajjad Shaukat Jamal Parkash Tambare Adel R.Alharbi Iqtadar Hussain Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Mathematics Jayawanti Haksar Government Post-Graduation CollegeCollege of Chhindwara UniversityBetul460001M.P.India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos100213Nigeria Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Institute of Digital CommunicationRuhr University44801BochumGermany Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Water Resources&Applied Mathematics Research Lab Nagpur440027India College of Computing and Information Technology University of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Mathematics Program Department of MathematicsStatistics and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesQatar University2713DohaQatar

The Human-Centered Internet of Things(HC-IoT)is fast becoming a hotbed of security and privacy *** users can establish a common session key through a trusted server over an open communication channel using a three-party authenticated key *** of the early authenticated key agreement systems relied on pairing,hashing,or modular exponentiation processes that are computationally intensive and *** order to address this problem,this paper offers a new three-party authenticated key agreement technique based on fractional chaotic *** new scheme uses fractional chaotic maps and supports the dynamic sensing of HC-IoT devices in the network architecture without a password *** projected security scheme utilized a hash function,which works well for the resource-limited HC-IoT *** results show that our new technique is resistant to password guessing attacks since it does not use a ***,our approach provides users with comprehensive privacy protection,ensuring that a user forgery attack causes no ***,our new technique offers better security features than the techniques currently available in the literature.

关键词： Three-party authenticated key agreement anonymity fractional chaotic maps Chebyshev polynomial password table human-centered internet of things(HC-IoT)

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

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