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Recent advances in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probe designs

Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5555-5571页

作者： Da Xu Boqun Liang Yaodong Xu Ming Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Materials Science and Engineering program University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)imaging is a super-resolution imaging technique that features the merits of both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and scanning probe microscopy(SPM),such as the high chemical sensitivity from the former and the nanoscale spatial resolution from the *** advantages make TERS an essential nanospectroscopic characterization technique for chemical analysis,materials science,bio-sensing,*** probes,the most critical factor determining the TERS imaging quality,are expected to provide a highly confined electromagnetic hotspot with a minimized scattering background for the generation of Raman signals with high spatial *** two decades of development,numerous probe design concepts have been proposed and *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art TERS probe designs,from the working mechanism to the practical *** start with reviewing the recent development of TERS configurations and the corresponding working mechanisms,including the SPM platforms,optical excitation/collection techniques,and probe preparation *** then review the emerging novel TERS probe designs,including the remote-excitation probes,the waveguide-based nanofocusing probes,the metal-coated nanofocusing probes,the nanowire-assisted selective-coupling probes,and the tapered metal-insulator-metal *** discussion focuses on a few critical aspects,including the surface-plasmon-polariton(SPP)hotspot excitation technique,conversion efficiency,working frequency,and *** the end,we review the latest TERS applications and give a perspective on the future of TERS.

关键词： tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy plasmonics scanning probe microscopy nanoscale imaging nanophotonics nanofocusing

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Compact Model Build Upon Dynamic Weighting Artificial Neural Network Approach for Complementary Field Effect Transistors

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第1期71卷 246-253页

作者： Butola, Rajat Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program The Institute of Communications Engineering the Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this work, a dynamic weighting-artificial neural network (DW-ANN) methodology is presented for quick and automated compact model (CM) generation. It takes advantage of both TCAD simulations for high accuracy and SPICE simulations for cost-effectiveness. This methodology is developed for gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) complementary field effect transistor (CFET), a potential candidate for future CMOS technology due to its innate properties. The critical process variation (PV) sources that severely degrade the CFET performance are estimated using DW-ANN. It reduces the computation cost and predicts the effects of PV sources with less than 1% error. Furthermore, a compact DW-ANN-based Verilog-A model has been developed that captures the dc as well as transient behavior accurately for circuit-level analysis. CFET-based circuits such as inverter, 6T-static random access memory (SRAM), and ring oscillator (RO) are characterized and implemented using DW-ANN-based CM. The overall average error of the model is reported as less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed device and circuit modeling approach provides a feasible solution for the rapid compact modeling of new emerging devices with good convergence and high accuracy. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Correntropy-Based Data Selective Adaptive Filtering

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2024年第2期71卷 754-766页

作者： Chien, Ying-Ren Wu, Sheng-Teng Tsao, Hen-Wai Diniz, Paulo S.R. Adaptive and Autonomous Communication Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering National Ilan University Yilan City260007 Taiwan College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Program of Electrical Engineering Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering COPPE/Poli Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro68504 Brazil

Data selection can be used in conjunction with adaptive filtering algorithms to avoid unnecessary weight updating and thereby reduce computational overhead. This paper presents a novel correntropy-based data selection method as an alternative to conventional data selection mechanisms based on squared error values. We developed a variable correntropy sensing algorithm to maximize the instantaneous correntropy function for the Gaussian kernel function to mitigate the impact of impulse noise and other forms of noise that can be disregarded in data selection. The proposed data selection mechanism can be implemented with any adaptive filtering algorithm. In simulations, the proposed method (implemented with the least mean squared algorithm) outperformed comparable error-based data selection schemes in terms of hit rate and miss rate, and the resulting weight updating ratio was close to the expected weight updating ratio. © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

关键词： Adaptive filters

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Boost DC-DC converter with regenerative snubber

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Energy Reports 2024年 12卷 798-819页

作者： Yau, Yeu-Torng Department of Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan

To accommodate the wide range of input voltages supplied by redundant batteries and ensure an adequate hold-up time for communication systems during utility power failures, power supplies used in 5 G base stations typically include a front-end boost converter as the first stage and a second-stage isolated converter. In this paper, a new topology for a regenerative snubber in boost converters is proposed. Compared to traditional active or passive snubber topologies, the proposed snubber offers the advantages of having fewer components and occupying less space. Moreover, it does not require additional active devices and can be driven by widely-used commercial PWM control integrated circuits, achieving a higher level of cost-effectiveness and offering increased industrial applications. The final prototype of a power supply for a networking switch hub (as used in 5 G base stations) is fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Topology

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Enhancing Language Learning with Real-Time Sign Language Recognition and Feedback

Enhancing Language Learning with Real-Time Sign Language Rec...

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2024 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference, URTC 2024

作者： Daniel, Clapp A. Liam, Nasr M. Habchi, Yasmina Basnet, Saurav Wentworth Institute of Technology Program of Electrical and Computer Engineering BostonMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531003

Despite the significance of Sign Language education, access to resources with immediate feedback remains a challenge. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an online learning tool offering real-time video feedback, accessible via basic laptops. Leveraging the capabilities of Google's Media Pipe software and the project's robust logic, the prototype aims to provide learners with immediate and accurate feedback, addressing the challenge of access to effective resources for American Sign Language (ASL) education. Focusing on the ASL alphabet, computer-vision based learning tools for static and dynamic signs will be analyzed to explore the tool's capabilities and limitations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Wide bandgap semiconductor-based integrated circuits

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Chip 2023年第4期2卷 105-132页

作者： Saravanan Yuvaraja Vishal Khandelwal Xiao Tang Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory(ASL) Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science&Engineering(CEMSE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science andTechnology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Wide-bandgap semiconductors exhibit much larger energybandgaps than traditional semiconductors such as silicon,rendering them very promising to be applied in the fields of electronics and *** examples of semiconductors include SiC,GaN,ZnO,and diamond,which exhibitdistinctive characteristics such as elevated mobility and *** characteristics facilitate the operation of awide range of devices,including energy-efficient bipolar junctiontransistors(BJTs)and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effecttransistors(MOSFETs),as well as high-frequency high-electronmobility transistors(HEMTs)and optoelectronic components suchas light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and *** semiconductorsare used in building integrated circuits(ICs)to facilitate theoperation of power electronics,computer devices,RF systems,andother optoelectronic *** breakthroughs includevarious applications such as imaging,optical communication,*** them,the field of power electronics has witnessedtremendous progress in recent years with the development of widebandgap(WBG)semiconductor devices,which is capable ofswitching large currents and voltages rapidly with low ***,it has been proven challenging to integrate these deviceswith silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)logic circuits required for complex control *** monolithic integration of silicon CMOS with WBG devices increases thecomplexity of fabricating monolithically integrated smart integrated circuits(ICs).This review article proposes implementingCMOS logic directly on the WBG platform as a ***,achieving the CMOS functionalities with the adoption of WBGmaterials still remains a significant *** article summarizesthe research progress in the fabrication of integrated circuitsadopting various WBG materials ranging from SiC to diamond,with the goal of building future smart power ICs.

关键词： Wide bandgap semiconductors Integrated circuits Transistors Power electronics

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Impact Analysis of Time-of-Use pricing enabled Electric Vehicle charging to the uncoordinated charging on a Distribution Network

Impact Analysis of Time-of-Use pricing enabled Electric Vehi...

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2023 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2023

作者： Sohail, Muhammad Abeer Khan, Rashna Mukhtar, Syed Hammad Usman, Ahmad Program Habib University Electrical and Computer Engineering Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464413

Increased adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) result in appearance of high energy demand clusters in a distribution network. This has adverse effects on the distribution network resulting in voltage drop, increased losses, overloading of distribution feeders, transformers, and critical components. This results in degradation of power quality and network stability. In this work, a modified IEEE 13 bus system has been used to model and simulate 11 kV distribution grid using the actual network parameters, network topology, and an identified cluster region, based on the information from a distribution company in Pakistan. A scheduling strategy for EV charging using the the time-of-use pricing (ToUP) mechanism is devised and compared to the uncoordinated EV charging approach. The performance evaluation of these strategies for various degrees of EV penetration has been conducted and new challenges are identified. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electric vehicles

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RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

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2024 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference, PHM 2024

作者： Cai, Congrui Lu, Zhonghai School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Embedded Systems Master Program Sweden School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Electrical Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360585

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are commonly used in data-driven approaches to estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of power electronic devices. RNNs are preferred because their intrinsic feedback mechanisms are better suited to model time-series data. However, the impact of RNN complexity on estimation accuracy is rarely discussed in the literature. This issue is important because choosing a lower-complexity model that delivers the same or similar performance as a higher-complexity model can increase implementation efficiency. In the paper, we use three RNN models, namely, the vanilla version, LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) to conduct RUL estimation for power electronic devices. We use two accelerated aging datasets, one dataset targeting the package failure of MOSFETs, and the other dataset targeting package failure of power diodes. Our study shows that a lower-complexity RNN does not necessarily deliver a lower performance. Similarly, a higher-complexity model does not assure a higher performance. As such, our work highlights the importance of selecting a proper neural network for RUL estimation not biased towards complex models. This is especially useful and important for implementing such RUL estimation techniques in embedded resource-constrained and speed-limited computins platforms. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Design of an Area-Efficient and Error-Reduced CMOS Approximate Adder 21

Design of an Area-Efficient and Error-Reduced CMOS Approxima...

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21st International System-on-Chip Design Conference, ISOCC 2024

作者： Prihatiningrum, Novi Kang, Jungu Choi, Chanyeong Seo, Yeongkyo Inha University Electrical and Computer Engineering Program in Semiconductor and Device Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377088

Approximate adders have emerged as promising solutions in facilitating error-tolerant computing applications where a degree of imprecision is acceptable. Approximate adders offer significant improvements in terms of area utilization and power consumption compared to their exact counterparts. This paper proposes a novel design of an 8-bit CMOS approximate adder that utilizes a 6-bit least significant inaccurate sub-adder using approximate full adder (AFA) and copy adder with an error reduction unit (ERU). The implementation results demonstrate that our proposed approximate adder improves area, power, and delay by up to 20%, 9%, and 24%, respectively compared to the conventional AFA-based 8-bit adder while maintaining a low MED of 9.57. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Rate Distortion Analysis of Wavefield Coding in Wireless Geophone Networks 8th

Rate Distortion Analysis of Wavefield Coding in Wireless G...

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8th EAI International Conference on Smart Grid and Innovative Frontiers in Telecommunications, SmartGIFT 2024

作者： Khan, Hamood ur Rehman Khan, Farhan Sir Syed Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Habib University Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031788055

Current and future trends in seismic acquisition point towards higher geophone densities (forecasted to be 1M nodes per survey). The geophones’ high operating precision and a sampling rate of a few milliseconds leads to a huge aggregate data rate in the geophone array. To handle this large data rate a hierarchy of multiplexed lines (including fiber optic cables) are used, resulting in substantial deployment costs. This work considers wireless geophone networks to mitigate these costs. Because of limited bandwidth of the wireless medium, compression of acquired data is needed. We assess lossy source coding (signal compression) performance using a rate-distortion tradeoff based on a physical model of the earth. The distortion criterion used is mean squared error. The earth’s physical model considered here consists of a randomly layered subsurface structure where the acoustic impedance of the earth varies as a homogeneous spatial random process. The rate distortion performance is assessed in terms of the parameters of this physical model e.g., the speed of sound underground and correlation length of acoustic impedance process. In comparison with previous work, this paper derives a closed form expression for the autocorrelation function for the reflection process for the 3D subsurface volume. We also show from the resulting rate-distortion curves that the compression performance improves both as the coding bock length increases and as the correlation length of the medium properties increases. The rate-distortion surface as a function of normalized MSE and sound of speed underground is also computed and validated through extensive simulations. © ICST Institute for computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering 2025.

关键词： Signal distortion

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