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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Morgana da Rosa Eduardo da Costa Rafael Soares Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

Approximate computing (AxC) has emerged as a viable alternative to enhance computational efficiency by leveraging the intrinsic error resilience of many applications. One of the leading strategies of AxC involves exploring different approximation adder (AxA) configurations as a viable form of reducing power consumption in many applications. This work explores the use of AxAs in a hybrid watermarking technique that combines discrete Haar-Wavelet (DHWT) and discrete cosine transforms (DCT). The proposed hybrid method, HyDHWCT, integrates these transforms to improve robustness and imperceptibility in watermarking systems while optimizing for energy efficiency. We evaluate the performance of various AxAs, including Copy, ETA, LOA, Truncation (Trunc), VLSPPAs, and the AxPPA, regarding energy consumption, circuit area, and error resilience. Our results demonstrate that the AxPPA-based HyDHWCT offers superior accuracy and energy-quality trade-offs over other state-of-the-art AxAs. Specifically, the AxPPA on HyDHWCT with K = 1 achieves up to 72.85% energy savings and 88.32% area savings compared to the exact HyDHWCT while maintaining high accuracy, with a normalized cross-correlation (NC) of 0.9949 and a structural similarity (SSIM) of 0.9920 for the extracted watermark. These results make the AxPPA-based HyDHWCT a highly effective solution for robust and energy-efficient watermarking systems.

关键词： Energy consumption Accuracy Energy conservation Watermarking DH-HEMTs Energy efficiency Robustness Discrete cosine transforms Adders Resilience

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Exploring Approximate Adders for Energy-Efficient Discrete Walsh-Hadamard Transform

Exploring Approximate Adders for Energy-Efficient Discrete W...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Leonardo Antonietti Rodrigo Lopes Morgana da Rosa Eloisa Barros Eduardo da Costa Rafael Soares Graduate Program on Computing - Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing - Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

This work investigates the use of the Discrete Walsh-Hadamard Transform (DWHT) for cryptographic applications, particularly within resource-constrained environments like microcontrollers such as RISC-V. DWHT's use of adder and subtractor arithmetic operations makes it highly suitable for low-complexity algorithms. In order to enhance efficiency further, our work integrates various approximate adders (AxAs) such as AxPPA, COPY, ETA-I, LOA, and Trunc into both forward (DWHT) and inverse (IDWHT) transform architectures. Our approach outperforms existing methods from the literature regarding accuracy metrics, particularly for lower approximation levels $(K=1\ \text{to}\ K=3)$ , with substantial improvements in PSNR and SSIM. Additionally, our designs significantly reduce power and area compared to existing hardware implementations, show-casing their potential for deployment in real-world cryptographic and hardware security applications.

关键词： Measurement Accuracy Microcontrollers Circuits and systems Hardware security Transforms Energy efficiency Encryption Adders Arithmetic

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A Low-Power Level-2 Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform with Approximate Adders for ECG Signal

A Low-Power Level-2 Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform with App...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Henrique Seidel Morgana da Rosa Rodrigo Lopes Eduardo da Costa Rafael Soares Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

We present an energy-efficient implementation of the level-2 Pruned Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform (PDHWT-2) for R-peak detection in ECG signals. Approximate computing techniques were employed, including five well-established approximate adders (AxPPA, COPY, ETA-I, LOA, and Trunc) and bit truncation (T), to reduce energy consumption while maintaining accuracy above 99% for reliable R-peak detection. By focusing on the second-level detail coefficient $(D_{2})$ for peak detection and pruning the approximation coefficient, the PDHWT-2 design achieves significant reductions in computational complexity. The architecture, evaluated with ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database, maintained accuracy above 99% even with aggressive bit truncation and approximation, ensuring reliable medical-grade analysis. Integration of approximate adders (AxAs) and truncation enabled significant power and area savings. Specifically, the use of the AxPPA demonstrated power savings of up to 40% with area reductions of around 45%, making the PDHWT-2 a highly efficient solution for low-power ECG monitoring systems.

关键词： Accuracy Approximate computing Transforms Computer architecture Electrocardiography Energy efficiency Discrete wavelet transforms Reliability Adders Monitoring

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Contributions to DC fault ride-through in MTDC meshed grids with MMC stations in grid-forming control considering impacts on AC system stability

Contributions to DC fault ride-through in MTDC meshed grids ...

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22nd IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC Global 2025)

作者： Filipe Perez Jesús Castellanos Juan-Carlos Gonzalez Abdelkrim Benchaib Lie Xu Architectures & Systems Program Supergrid Institute Lyon France Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK

ISBN: (数字)9781837242634

DC faults in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems can significantly impact AC grid stability, especially in Multiterminal DC (MTDC) grids. Effective DC Fault Ride-Through (FRT) analysis is crucial for maintaining AC system stability. Initially, a DC fault may manifest as a sudden loss of power input, prompting primary control to restore balance using reserves like FCR and inertia. However, HVDC protection often blocks converters during current peaks, failing to address power imbalances on the AC side. This necessitates coordinated AC-DC grid actions to sustain stability. Grid-Forming (GFM) control in Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) enhances system operation by providing inertia, voltage support, and reactive power control. However, the role of GFM in DC FRT is underexplored. This paper evaluates DC faults in MTDC systems with GFM converters, considering AC grid characteristics alongside DC-side impacts like submodule energy control and DC voltage regulation. An outer energy control loop and a shift from GFM to Grid-Following (GFL) control are proposed solutions in this paper to improve DC FRT capability and to assure stable operation against DC faults. The findings provide key recommendations for enhancing DC FRT in MTDC grids with GFM converters, emphasizing control and protection integration.

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Damage-Free Neutral Beam Etching for Gate Recess in E-Mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第5期46卷 705-708页

作者： Chen, Yi-Ho Chu, Fu-Chuan Aslam, Muhammad Lee, Yao-Jen Li, Yiming Samukawa, Seiji National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology Solid State Devices Section Electronic System Research Division Taoyuan325 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Recess gate etching is a critical technique for achieving enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) because the interface is susceptible to the etching damage. This study fabricates recess gates using the neutral beam etching (NBE) technique. By adjusting the aperture thickness in the NBE apparatus, we simulate both NB-mode and plasma-mode etching. The electrical characteristics of E-mode HEMTs fabricated using these two modes are analyzed and compared through DC, noise, and pulsed IV measurements. The results demonstrate that NB-recessed HEMTs exhibit superior performance. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum gallium nitride

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A Time-Domain Thin-Sheet Volume Integral Equation for Non-Dispersive Bi-Isotropic Media

A Time-Domain Thin-Sheet Volume Integral Equation for Non-Di...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： S. Celis Sierra R. Zhao M. Khamitova H. Bagci Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) Chengdu China

ISBN: (数字)9788831299107

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366327

Bi-isotropic and bi-anisotropic materials are expected to revolutionize wireless communications through the extended use of metasurfaces. This paper proposes a time-domain integral equation solver to simulate non-dispersive biisotropic materials under the thin-sheet approximation. Thin-sheet approximation is used to convert the time-domain volume integral equation for non-dispersive bi-isotropic media into a surface integral equation. This surface equation is discretized in space using Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basis functions for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fluxes and pulse basis functions for their normal components (relative to the surface of the thin sheet). In time, shifted Lagrange polynomials are used for discretization. Applying Galerkin testing in space and point matching in time yields a matrix system. This matrix system is solved for the unknown basis expansion coefficients at each time step via time-marching. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Future work includes extending this solver to dispersive bi-anisotropic media and use it in the simulation of metasurface represented by generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs).

关键词： Wireless communication Accuracy Integral equations Media Metasurfaces Polynomials Time-domain analysis Dispersion Method of moments Testing

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Privacy-Preserving Distributed Accelerated Resource Allocation in General Directed Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer electronics 2025年

作者： Zhang, Keke Lu, Qingguo Liao, Xiaofeng Li, Huaqing Huang, Tingwen Chongqing University College of Computer Science China Southwest University College of Electronic and Information Engineering China Texas A and M University Science Program Doha23874 Qatar

With the proliferation of consumer electronics applications, related devices usually entail allocating system resources to process large-scale distributed data in efficient ways. Effective allocation of system resources is crucial for improving device performance, optimizing energy efficiency, and safeguarding user experience. In this article, we study a distributed constraint-coupled resource allocation problem. Each node in directed networks maintains a private cost function and achieves a solution via only local communication. Problems of this nature considering efficiency and privacy usually emerge in consumer electronics (energy management, intelligent dispatch, energy conservation and utility optimization, etc.), which deserve to be addressed in depth. To tackle this problem, we propose an efficient privacy-preserving distributed accelerated resource allocation algorithm based on state decomposition with added noises. In one aspect, by applying the parametric distributed momentum method to the push-pull distributed resource allocation algorithm, we obtain accelerated allocation in directed networks. Given privacy concerns, our algorithm employs the differential privacy strategy along with a state decomposition scheme to avoid disclosing individual state information in communication. It is proven that our algorithm with a constant stepsize can linearly converge to a neighborhood of the optimal allocation while preserving privacy. The trade-off between convergence accuracy and privacy level is also shown. Extensive simulations further illustrate the efficacy of our algorithm and validate our theoretical discoveries. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Cost functions

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Numerical analysis of Ga gradient effects in ACIGS absorbers for high-efficiency tandem solar cells

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Optical and Quantum electronics 2025年第3期57卷 1-19页

作者： Boukortt, Nour El I. Loureiro, Antonio Garcia Almutairi, Ohood A. Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Electronics and Information Systems Ghent University Technology Park 126 Zwijnaarde Belgium Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Energy Systems Program College of Engineering & Energy Abdullah Al Salem University Khaldiya Kuwait

Ag-alloyed Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (ACIGS) is a promising material for the bottom subcell in tandem solar cell structures, offering a tunable bandgap that spans the optimal range for maximum efficiency;however, the bandgap widening of ACIGS thin films poses a significant challenge in enhancing their photocurrent. This paper investigates the impact of different grading profiles, specifically focusing on the 'hockey stick'/V-like Ga gradient–induced (GGI) profiles, on the performance of thin-film ACIGS cells. To enhance the physical understanding of these grading profiles we have used Silvaco TCAD tools to analyze how these profiles' depths, notch position, and slope affect the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimized ACIGS cell achieves a PCE of 25.80%, compared to 23.60% for the reference device. For the tandem configuration, we pair the optimized ACIGS bottom cell (double grading profile) with a perovskite top cell (band gap ~ 1.66 eV), achieving an overall efficiency of 30.26% under AM1.5G illumination. The obtained results highlight the critical role of Ga gradient profiles in enhancing the bottom cell's performance and stability. Additionally, we compare our results with existing studies to evaluate the broader impact of Ga compositional optimization on ACIGS-based solar cells. This work provides valuable insights into advanced grading strategies and helps us understand the physical behaviour of these high-performance tandem solar cells. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Silver alloys

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Quality-Reconfigurable Approximate Multiplier Utilizing Select Leading One-Bit Blocks

Quality-Reconfigurable Approximate Multiplier Utilizing Sele...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： João M. Bedin Pedro T. L. Pereira Rodrigo N. Wuerdig Eduardo Da Costa Sergio Bampi Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMicro) - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Graduate Program in Electronic Engineering and Computing - Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

Multipliers are essential for emerging technologies, as they are vital arithmetic circuits in many energy-efficient applications, such as digital signal processing and machine learning applications. Approximate multipliers (AxM) became an optimal option for applications in ASIC systems with error tolerance. This paper proposes to develop a run-time reconfigurable AxM with four approximation levels in a single circuit, evaluating accuracy and circuit metrics (e.g., circuit area, timing, and power consumption) based on the leading one-bit-based approximate (LoBA) multiplier. The results achieve a circuit area reduction of 52% less area and up to 27% less power consumption when compared with equivalent architecture based on LoBA state-of-art. Applying the proposed RLoBA to a normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive filter case study, we obtain 22.95% less power consumption using dynamic approximate level selection than the precise multiplier while maintaining the same accuracy level.

关键词： Measurement Power demand Accuracy Circuits Adaptive filters Machine learning Lead Timing Reconfigurable architectures Standards

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Neural Volumetric Video Coding With Hierarchical Coded Representation of Dynamic Volume

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Shin, Ju-Yeon Lee, Jung-Kyung Bang, Gun Kim, Jun-Sik Kang, Je-Won Ewha W. University Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Graduate Program in Smart Factory Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Ewha W. University Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Korea Republic of Ofinno United States Media Coding Research Lab. Daejeon34129 Korea Republic of

This paper proposes a novel multi-view (MV) video coding technique that leverages a four-dimensional (4D) voxel-grid representation to enhance coding efficiency, particularly in novel view synthesis. Although the voxel grid approximation provides a continuous representation for dynamic scenes, its volumetric nature requires substantial storage. The compression of MV videos can be interpreted as the compression of dense features. However, the substantial size of these features poses a significant problem relative to the generation of dynamic scenes at arbitrary viewpoints. To address this challenge, this study introduces a hierarchical coded representation of dynamic volumes based on low-rank tensor decomposition of volumetric features and develops effective coding techniques based on this representation. The proposed method employs a two-level coding strategy to capture the temporal characteristics of the decomposed features. At a higher level, spatial features are encoded, representing 3D structural information, with time-invariant components over short intervals of an MV video sequence. At a lower level, temporal features are encoded to capture the dynamics of current scenes. The spatial features are shared in a group, and temporal features are encoded at each time step. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms existing MV video coding standards and current state-of-the-art methods, providing superior rate-distortion performance in the novel view synthesis of MV video compression. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Electric distortion

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