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Hydroclimate Risks to the Western US Electric Grid under a Warming Climate

Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 2024年第3期11卷 68-76页

作者： Marshall, Adrienne Upadhyay, Surabhi Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

Purpose of Review: Changing hydroclimate creates risks to the western U.S. electric grid, particularly when hydropower generation changes, but tools to characterize these risks are relatively new. Here, we ask: how is hydropower changing in a warming climate, and what are the consequences of hydroclimate change for the grid? Current Findings: Climate projections of future hydropower generation are somewhat uncertain due to precipitation change uncertainties, but production is consistently expected to shift from summer towards winter, out of phase with changes in load. Interactions between hydrologic drought and hot temperatures are particularly problematic, yielding increased prices and greenhouse gas emissions, with uncertain shortfall risks. Summary: Future work should continue stress-testing new tools, evaluate hydroclimate risks under a wider range of emissions scenarios, evaluate potential energy-hydroclimate feedbacks (including those with complex causal pathways), and consider the impacts of potential changes in non-energy water uses and reservoir operator adaptations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

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Unveiling the size effect of nitrogen-doped carbon-supported copper-based catalysts on nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2438-2443页

作者： Ran Li Taotao Gao Wenxi Qiu Minghao Xie Zhaoyu Jin Panpan Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas 78712USA Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR)represents a promising approach toward achieving economically and environmentally sustainable ***,it remains a challenge to regulate the size effect of electrocatalysts to optimize the catalytic activity and ammonia ***,the Cu-based catalysts were tailored at the atomic level to exhibit a size gradient ranging from single-atom catalysts(SACs,0.15–0.35 nm)to single-cluster catalysts(SCCs,1.0–2.8 nm)and nanoparticles(NPs,20–30 nm),with the aim of studying the size effect for the NO_(3)^(-)-to-NH_(3) reduction ***,the Cu SCCs exhibit enhanced metal–substrate and metal–metal interactions by taking advantageous features of Cu SACs and Cu ***,Cu SCCs achieve exceptional electrocatalytic performance for the NitRR with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of ca.96%NH_(3)and the largest yield rate of ca.1.99 mg·h^(-1)·cm^(-2) at-0.5 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE).The theoretical calculation further reveals the size effect and coordination environment on the high catalytic activity and selectivity for the *** work provides a promising various size-controlled design strategy for aerogel-based catalysts effectively applied in various electrocatalytic reactions.

关键词： nitrate electroreduction ammonia electrosynthesis size effect single-cluster catalyst

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ESG Investing: A Statistically Valid Approach to Data-Driven Decision Making and the Impact of ESG Factors on Stock Returns and Risk

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 69434-69444页

作者： Teja, Kamurthi Ravi Liu, Chuan-Ming National Taipei University of Technology International Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan

This study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on economic investment from a statistical perspective, aiming to develop a tested investment strategy that capitalizes on the connection between ESG factors and financial performance. ESG investing: A statistically valid approach to data-driven decision-making (ESGI-SVADDM) investment strategy is based on a rigorous, statistically valid approach that utilizes data, math, statistics, and data science libraries to drive investment decisions, eliminating the need for personal opinions and subjectivity. The process includes establishing an investment thesis, formulating testable hypotheses (HPS), retrieving and refining relevant data, calculating relevant measures, and testing and validating all hypotheses. The study uses S&P 500 stock data and ESG data from Sustainalytics to test the hypotheses. The empirical tests conducted revealed a negative correlation between ESG risk and expected returns, as well as a positive trend in the relationship between ESG risk and the overall risk of stocks. Moreover, the study found that higher ESG risk scores are associated with lower returns for investors, and that adopting a strategy of investing in stocks with low ESG risk and shorting stocks with high ESG risk yields superior returns compared to the market portfolio. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Investments

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Preparation of Mesoporous Silica Materials MCM-41 and SBA-15 Using a Template Extraction Method with Supercritical CO2

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Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 2025年第3期51卷 58-63页

作者： Ushiki, Ikuo Oka, Haruna Hironaka, Mizuki Tsuji, Hiromu Chemical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1‒4‒1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashi Hiroshima-shi739‒8527 Japan

In this study, mesoporous materials MCM-41 and SBA-15 were prepared by template extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). When using the supercritical CO2 method, the extraction ratio of the template agent for MCM-41 reached 97.8%, and silica with a high specific surface area, high pore volume, and uniform pore size was obtained compared to the conventional calcination method. For SBA-15, the template extraction ratio using the supercritical CO2 method was only 88%, but the supercritical CO2 method was superior to the calcination method in maintaining the uniformity of the pore size distribution. Furthermore, the pressure dependence of the template agent extraction ratio in the supercritical CO2 method was investigated, and it was found that the extraction ratio showed a maximum around 8 to 10 MPa, which could be interpreted in terms of the vapor‒liquid equilibrium relationship between CO2 and methanol. Based on the above results, it was suggested that the supercritical CO2 method is an extremely effective method for maintaining the pore structure and producing high-performance mesoporous silicas (MCM-41 and SBA-15) compared to conventional methods. © 2025 The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan.

关键词： Mesoporous materials

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Optimization of machine learning models for predicting the compressive strength of fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2023年第2期17卷 284-305页

作者： Hai-Van Thi MAI May Huu NGUYEN Son Hoang TRINH Hai-Bang LY Civil Engineering Department University of Transport TechnologyHanoi 100000Vietnam Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 739-8527Japan

Fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete(FRSCC)is a typical construction material,and its compressive strength(CS)is a critical mechanical property that must be adequately *** the machine learning(ML)approach to estimating the CS of FRSCC,the current research gaps include the limitations of samples in databases,the applicability constraints of models owing to limited mixture components,and the possibility of applying recently proposed *** study developed different ML models for predicting the CS of FRSCC to address these *** neural network,random forest,and categorical gradient boosting(CatBoost)models were optimized to derive the best predictive model with the aid of a 10-fold cross-validation technique.A database of 381 samples was created,representing the most significant FRSCC dataset compared with previous studies,and it was used for model *** findings indicated that CatBoost outperformed the other two models with excellent predictive abilities(root mean square error of 2.639 MPa,mean absolute error of 1.669 MPa,and coefficient of determination of 0.986 for the test dataset).Finally,a sensitivity analysis using a partial dependence plot was conducted to obtain a thorough understanding of the effect of each input variable on the predicted CS of *** results showed that the cement content,testing age,and superplasticizer content are the most critical factors affecting the CS.

关键词： compressive strength self-compacting concrete artificial neural network decision tree CatBoost

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Sexism Identification in Tweets using BERT and XLM - Roberta 25

Sexism Identification in Tweets using BERT and XLM - Roberta

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25th Working Notes of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2024

作者： Usmani, Maha Siddiqui, Rania Rizwan, Samin Khan, Faryal Alvi, Faisal Samad, Abdul Computer Science Program Dhanani School of Science and Engineering Habib University Karachi Pakistan

The rapid growth of social media platforms has led to an increase in offensive content, often targeting specific demographic groups. This paper focuses on identifying and categorizing sexism in tweets collected from various social media platforms. We address three tasks from the EXIST 2024 lab, involving the classification of tweets in English and Spanish. These tasks include binary classification for sexism identification, source intention categorization of sexist tweets, and multi-label classification for different facets of sexism. Our approach employs BERT multilingual and XLM-RoBERTa models, along with an ensemble technique to enhance prediction accuracy. We evaluate the models using both hard labels, determined by majority vote, and soft labels, based on class probabilities. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Tweets

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Computational-guided discovery of UDP-glycosyltransferases for lauryl glucoside production using engineered ***

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Bioresources and Bioprocessing 2024年第1期11卷 1340-1352页

作者： Kasimaporn Promubon Kritsada Tathiya Aussara Panya Wasu Pathom-Aree Pachara Sattayawat Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Cell Engineering for Cancer Therapy Research Group Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology(International Program) Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Defining suitable enzymes for reaction steps in novel synthetic pathways is crucial for developing microbial cell factories for non-natural ***,we developed a computational workflow to identify C12 alcohol-active *** workflow involved three steps:(1)assembling initial candidates of putative UDP-glycosyltransferases,(2)refining selection by examining conserved regions,and(3)3D structure prediction and molecular *** sequences from Candida,Pichia,Rhizopus,and Thermotoga,known for lauryl glucoside synthesis via whole-cell biocatalysis,were *** of 240 predicted glycosyltransferases,8 candidates annotated as glycosyltransferases were selected after filtering out those with signal peptides and identifying conserved UDP-glycosyltransferase *** proteins underwent 3D structure prediction and molecular docking with ***3G,a candidate from Rhizopus delemar RA 99-880 with a relatively high ChemPLP fitness score,was selected and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).It was further characterized using a feeding experiment with *** confirmed that the RO3G-expressing strain could convert 1-dodecanol to lauryl glucoside,as quantified by HPLC and identified by targeted *** the growth and fermentation profiles of the engineered strain revealed that RO3G expression did not affect cell ***,acetate,a major fermentation product,was reduced in the RO3G-expressing strain compared to the GFP-expressing strain,suggesting a redirection of flux from acetate to other ***,this work presents a successful workflow for discovering UDP-glycosyltransferase enzymes with confirmed activity toward 1-dodecanol for lauryl glucoside production.

关键词： UDP-glycosyltransferase Lauryl glucoside Computational method 1-Dodecanol Engineered E.coli Novel biosynthetic pathway Genome mining

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Interfacial reactions in the Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn/Cu-Ti alloy (C1990 HP) couple

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Soldering and Surface Mount Technology 2024年第1期36卷 30-38页

作者： Laksono, Andromeda Dwi Chen, Chih-Ming Yen, Yee-Wen Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Study Program of Material and Metallurgical Engineering Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Balikpapan Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of adding a small amount of Ti to a Cu-based alloy, specifically the commercial Hyper Titanium Copper alloy (C1990 HP), which contains Cu-3.28 wt.% Ti, on its interfacial reaction with Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn (SnZn) solder, using the liquid/solid reaction couple technique. Design/methodology/approach: The SnZn/C1990 HP couples were subjected to a reaction temperature of 240–270°C for a duration of 0.5–5 h. The resulting reaction couple was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, electron probe microanalyzer and X-ray diffractometer. Findings: It was observed that the scallop-shaped CuZn5 and planar Cu5Zn8 phases were formed in almost all SnZn/C1990 HP couples. With increased reaction duration and temperature, the Cu-rich intermetallic compound (IMC)-Cu5Zn8 phase became a dominant IMC formed at the interface. The total thickness of the IMCs was increased with the increase in the reaction duration and temperature. The IMC growth obeyed the parabolic law, and the IMC growth mechanism was diffusion controlled. The activation energy of the SnZn/C1990 HP couple was 64.71 kJ/mol. Originality/value: This article presents an analysis of the IMC thickness in each sample using ImageJ software, followed by kinetic analysis using Origin software at various reaction temperatures of SnZn/C1990 HP in liquid/solid couples. The study also includes detailed reports on the morphology, interface composition and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as the activation energy. The findings can serve as a valuable reference for electronic packaging companies that utilize C1990 HP substrates. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

关键词： Binary alloys

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Etching-free pixel definition in InGaN green micro-LEDs

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1655-1665页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Yi Lu Haicheng Cao Glen Isaac Maciel Garcia Tingang Liu Xiao Tang Na Xiao Raul Aguileta Vazquez Mingtao Nong Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The traditional plasma etching process for defining micro-LED pixels could lead to significant sidewall *** near sidewall regions act as non-radiative recombination centers and paths for current leakage,significantly deteriorating device *** this study,we demonstrated a novel selective thermal oxidation(STO)method that allowed pixel definition without undergoing plasma damage and subsequent dielectric *** annealing in ambient air oxidized and reshaped the LED structure,such as p-layers and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum ***,the pixel areas beneath the pre-deposited SiO_(2)layer were selectively and effectively *** was demonstrated that prolonged thermal annealing time enhanced the insulating properties of the oxide,significantly reducing LED leakage ***,applying a thicker SiO_(2)protective layer minimized device resistance and boosted device efficiency *** the STO method,InGaN green micro-LED arrays with 50-,30-,and 10-μm pixel sizes were manufactured and *** results indicated that after 4 h of air annealing and with a 3.5-μm SiO_(2)protective layer,the 10-μm pixel array exhibited leakage currents density 1.2×10^(-6)A/cm^(2)at-10 V voltage and a peak on-wafer external quantum efficiency of~6.48%.This work suggests that the STO method could become an effective approach for future micro-LED manufacturing to mitigate adverse LED efficiency size effects due to the plasma etching and improve device ***-LEDs fabricated through the STO method can be applied to micro-displays,visible light communication,and optical interconnect-based *** planar pixel geometry will provide more possibilities for the monolithic integration of driving circuits with ***,the STO method is not limited to micro-LED fabrication and can be extended to design other III-nitride devices,such as photodetectors,laser diodes,high-electron-mobility transistors

关键词： annealing protective quantum

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Modeling the Percentage of NEET in Indonesia with Spatial Cauchy Regression through the Bayesian Analysis Approach

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024年第7期54卷 1288-1295页

作者： Rantini, Dwi Fakhruzzaman, Muhammad Noor Ningrum, Ratih Ardiati Othman, Fazidah Choir, Achmad Syahrul Ramadan, Arip Alya, Najma Attaqiya Putri, Elfira Rahma Pratama, Muhammad Alfian Engineering Department Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Indonesia Engineering Department Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology andMultidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Indonesia Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Malaysia Statistical Computing StudyProgram Politeknik Statistika STIS Indonesia Information System Study Program School of Industrial and System Engineering Telkom University Indonesia

Indonesia has entered a period of demographic bonus. Human resources must be optimized. The number of children who do not in employment, education or training (NEET) in each province needs attention. Several factors that could contribute to the decline in the NEET percentage are literacy rates and the number of adolescents with computer skills. Increasing these two factors is believed to be able to reduce the percentage of NEET in every province in Indonesia. To find out the relationship between these two factors and how much influence they have on the percentage of NEET, this research is modeled by Cauchy regression and includes spatial effects. The results of the analysis show that the best model is when the spatial effect is modeled by Fernandez Steel Skew Normal conditionally autoregressive (FSSN CAR). This result is seen from the smallest value of the Watanabe Akaike Information Criterion (WAIC) in this model, which is 190.5. The parameter estimated shows that the higher the literacy rate and the number of adolescents with computer skills, the lower the percentage of NEET in each province in Indonesia. The results of this research can be useful for the Indonesian government to increase the number of educational facilities related to these two factors. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian CAR Cauchy Education NEET

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